重视儿童伤害预防 落实有效干预措施

伤害是全球儿童面临的健康威胁,也是中国1~17岁儿童的首位死因。儿童伤害预防是非常具有投入产出效益的一项公共卫生措施,国内外多年的研究和实践也证明相关儿童伤害干预措施的有效性。建议加强伤害防控工作的部门分工与协调机制,确保必要的财政经费支持,以广泛实施各项有效的干预措施,保障儿童健康成长。     

Combined effect of Controlling Nutritional Status and Acute Kidney Injury on severe COVID-19 short-term outcomes

Introduction/ObjectivesAcute kidney injury (AKI) and malnutrition are two complications commonly reported in severe forms of COVID-19, their combined effect on short-term mortality is, however, not yet investigated. The objective of this study is to determine both their individual and combined effects on short-term prognosis.Materials and methodsThis is a prospective, uni-centric study, including 247 severe COVID-19 patients, admitted between April 25th and June 20th, 2020, at the University Hospital of Blida. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO-2012 guidelines. Nutritional status was assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score. The association with in-hospital mortality was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and proportional Cox regression.ResultsAmong the 247 severely affected COVID-19 patients included in this study, 34.4% developed AKI, 30.4 and 1.2%, respectively, had moderate and severe CONUT scores, 17.7% worsened and progressed to a critical state and 26.7% did not survive. Both AKI and CONUT score were significantly associated with mortality in a dose-response manner (pLog-Rank < 0.0001). Their relative risks are respectively (HR = 3.25 CI 95% [1.99–5.3] and HR = 2.42 CI 95% [1.5–3.9], p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, the highest risk was observed for the AKI-CONUT-high combination (HR = 3.0, 95% CI [1.5–6.1], p = 0.002).ConclusionA possible synergistic interaction between AKI and CONUT score for COVID-19 short-term mortality has been highlighted. Monitoring of renal function associated with assessment of nutritional status should be performed routinely and systematically from the early stages of admission.     

孕妇外周血NKT细胞水平与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症发病及病情关系

目的:探究孕妇外周血自然杀伤T(NTK)细胞水平与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)发病及病情严重程度相关性。方法:选择2016年3月1日-2018年3月1日本院就诊的ICP患者52例(ICP患者组),根据ICP严重程度分为轻度ICP组(n=28)和重度ICP组(n=24),同时随机选择孕周相当的健康产前检查孕妇52例(健康孕妇组),比较各组外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中NKT细胞水平,分析NKT细胞水平与ICP发生发展相关性。结果:ICP患者组外周血PBMC中NKT细胞含量高于健康孕妇组(P<0.05)。对ICP患者组和健康孕妇组外周血PBMC给予不同刺激物培养后,均显示出NKT细胞含量在正常组与空白组无差异(P>0.05),而在植物血凝素(PHA)组、ICP组、正常组依次降低(P<0.05)。重度ICP组外周血PBMC中NKT细胞含量高于轻度ICP组(P<0.05),NKT细胞含量与ICP病情严重程度呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论:ICP发生及进展与孕妇外周血NKT细胞水平呈正相关关系,监测NKT细胞水平可为诊断ICP提供新思路。     

大鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤模型的超声造影图像特征与微血管分布的相关性分析

目的 建立重物打击致大鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,动态观察大鼠骨骼肌在损伤修复不同时期肌肉组织的超声造影（CEUS）图像特征,通过计算机辅助定量分析造影剂平均回声强度值（Mean）变化,并与微血管平均光密度值(MVD)进行相关分析。方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为8组,其中6只大鼠作为正常对照组,余42只大鼠作为实验组,以自制重力锤选定右侧股直肌肌腹中段为打击中心,采用自由落体击落架,用800g的重物,一次性自由落体,建立大鼠下肢骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,分别于损伤后1 h、12h、24h、48h、7d、14d、28d时行CEUS检查,并利用计算机辅助定量分析CEUS图像变化特征,获得各组受损骨骼肌造影剂平均回声强度值（Mean）。在每个时间节点将该组大鼠全部处死,并切取损伤肌肉组织进行HE染色以及通过评估各组织CD34免疫组化来计算微血管平均光密度值（MVD）。结果 （1）CEUS图像变化：损伤后1h-12h各组大鼠打击部位肌肉造影剂信号微弱,可见充盈缺损;损伤后24h组损伤区造影剂呈星点状分布,为弱增强;48h组造影剂表现为斑片状分布,为轻度增强;损伤后7d组损伤区造影剂信号密集增多,呈高增强;损伤后14d组损伤区造影剂信号较7d组减少,呈轻度增强,损伤后28d组,造影剂信号进一步减少,与对照组相似,呈弱增强。（2）计算机辅助定量分析CEUS图像的Mean变化：与对照组比较,损伤后1h、12h、24h各组损伤区内Mean均明显减低（14.99±3.65 vs 3.99±0.97、14.99±3.65 vs 5.74±1.68 、14.99±3.65 vs 5.55±1.62),P均＜0.05;损伤后48h组损伤区Mean增高（14.99±3.65 vs 20.02±7.41）,P＞0.05;损伤后7d组损伤区Mean明显增高（14.99±3.65 vs 59.98±10.13）,P＜0.05;损伤后14d组损伤区Mean较7d组减低,（14.99±3.65 vs 27.11±4.67）,P＜0.05;损伤后28d组,Mean接近正常对照组水平（14.99 ±3.65 vs 16.02±3.97）,P＞0.05。 （3）各实验组损伤区Mean与微血管平均光密度值（MVD）具有线性正相关（r=0.840,P＜0.001）。结论 重物打击建立的大鼠下肢骨骼肌钝挫伤模型,在损伤后1h-48h肌肉炎症反应明显,7d-28d呈修复趋势。超声造影（CEUS）可动态观察受损骨骼肌不同时期的微循环灌注演变,计算机辅助图像分析可快速定量描述超声造影剂平均回声强度值变化,且与肌肉内微血管分布规律相关性较好。     

伤寒史学研究成果简述

建国以来有关伤寒史学的研究成果表现在相关人物、相关著作、相关事件、学术关系及阶段特征五个方面。前期研究成果 ,尚不足以充分展示伤寒学历史地位和现实意义 ,更无充分依据昭示其未来之发展方向 ,因而有必要继续深入开展伤寒史学研究     

别嘌呤醇对离体大鼠缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用

为探讨别嘌呤醇(allo)对心肌的保护作用与机理,采用离体大鼠心脏灌注模型,研究allo对缺血再灌注心肌的保护作用。结果表明心肌缺血再灌注后磷酸肌酸肌酶(CPK)释放增多,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活性和丙二醛(MDA)量增加,心肌超微结构破坏明显。allo通过抑制氧自由基的生成对缺血再灌注心肌起保护作用。     

Relationship between severity,costs and claims of hospitalized patients using the Severity of Illness Index

The results of the prospective application of Horn's Severity of Illness Index in a teaching hospital during 1987, 1989, and 1990 constitute the basis of the present report. The average overall severity of illness scores for the three years were 1.42 in 1987, 1.65 in 1989, and 1.46 in 1990. Most of the processes evaluated in the three periods showed an overall distribution among severity levels 1 and 2, both overall and when the seven dimensions of the severity of illness index were analyzed. A statistically significant correlation between the overall severity of illness and average length of stay was found for patients in 1989 and 1990. The length of stay differed significantly in the different severity levels. When the four levels of the seven dimensions of the severity of illness index for 1987, 1989, and 1990 were compared, it was observed that figures were not uniformly distributed. There was a statistically significant association between severity of illness for hospital service and pharmacy charges per hospital stay for both 1989 and 1990, as well as a statistically significant inverse relationship between severity of illness and the number of claims per hospital service in both periods of time. Case-mix methods that account for the severity of patients constitute a useful indicator of quality for the management of different hospital services and of the hospital as a whole.