Infectious keratitis after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: A case report

Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) promotes faster re-epithelialization which in turn can reduce the risk of infectious keratitis in the postoperative period. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with infectious keratitis in his left eye 8 days after an uneventful bilateral tPRK. A 2 mm × 5 mm anterior stromal area of corneal infiltration with a same sized overlying epithelial defect was noted at the time of presentation. His uncorrected distance visual acuity was 20/63 in his left eye. Corneal scrapings showed Bordetella bronchiseptica. The infection responded to intensive treatment with topical levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops. The final visual acuity was 20/20 in the left eye.     

针药复合麻醉应用于胃镜无痛检查的临床观察

目的:观察电针在无痛胃镜检查时对血压、心率、血氧饱和度、不良发应及麻醉深度的影响。方法:140例胃镜检查患者随机分成电针组和对照组,每组70例。记录胃镜插入时所引起的应激反应以及胃镜检查前、中、后患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度及镇静程度的变化。结果:电针组胃镜插入时应激反应发生率低,电针组检查中和检查后血压、心率平稳,与检查前比较无明显变化(P0.05)。对照组患者血流动力学波动较大,检查中与检查前比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。电针组镇静程度检查中和检查后与对照组比较,电针组镇静程度明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:电针应用于无痛胃镜检查可有效抑制胃镜插入时所引起的应激反应,维持血压和心率的稳定,且可以使患者在镇静程度较低的情况下完成检查。     

前后节联合手术后屈光误差原因分析

目的：分析年龄相关性白内障(ARC)合并特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)患者超声乳化人工晶状体(IOL)植入联合23G玻璃体切割术后屈光误差及其相关因素。

方法：选取2017-02/2019-09在我院行白内障超声乳化IOL植入联合玻璃体切割术治疗的ARC合并IMEM患者25例25眼作为观察组,行白内障超声乳化IOL植入术治疗的单纯性ARC患者25例25眼作为对照组,比较手术前后两组患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、等效球镜度(SEQ)、角膜屈光力(CRP)、前房深度(ACD)、眼轴长度(AL)及黄斑中心凹厚度(CFT)变化情况。

结果：术后3mo,观察组和对照组BCVA(0.284±0.177、0.016±0.085)均较术前(0.572±0.199、0.568±0.191)显著改善,ACD均较术前显著增大(均P<0.001),但两组CRP和AL较术前均无明显变化(P>0.05),且两组之间术后ACD、CRP、AL均无差异(P>0.05)。术后3mo,观察组实际SEQ值(-0.426±0.146D)较术前预期SEQ值(-0.122±0.037D)和对照组实际SEQ值(-0.127±0.050D)显著增加(均P<0.001),观察组屈光误差为-0.304±0.142D; 观察组CFT值(331.1±67.2μm)较术前(444.8±72.1μm)显著下降,但高于对照组术后CFT值(224.7±16.6μm),观察组CFT变化值为113.7±32.2μm。相关性分析显示,观察组术后3mo屈光误差与CFT变化值呈正相关(r=0.447,P=0.025)。

结论：超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合23G玻璃体切割术后屈光误差与CFT变化值呈正相关。     

成人睫状肌麻痹前后屈光度变化及其影响因素的流行病学研究

目的探讨成人睫状肌麻痹前后屈光度变化及其影响因素的流行病学特点。 方法收集2012年5月至2013年6月在中国河北省邯郸永年县进行眼科屈光检查710例(1410只眼)的资料。其中,男性364例(721只眼),女性346例(689只眼);年龄30~83岁,平均年龄(50.9±10.3)岁。采用自动电脑验光仪检测所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前后的屈光度。采用眼科A型超声检查所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前的眼部生物学参数。所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前后等效球镜(SE)的描述采用均数±标准差表示,两者的比较采用配对t检验。不同年龄受检者睫状肌麻痹前后SE的一致性,采用Bland-Altman plots进行评估。不同性别间睫状肌麻痹后SE与睫状肌麻痹前角膜曲率K值(K)、前房深度(ACD)、眼轴长度(AL)、睫状肌麻痹后中央角膜厚度(LT)、晶状体混浊程度(NO)、晶状体核的颜色(NC)、晶状体皮质(C)及晶状体后囊下混浊的程度(PSC)的比较,采用线性混合模型分析。采用Pearson相关分析检验各屈光指标间的相关性。 结果710例(1410只眼)受检者睫状肌麻痹前的平均SE为(-0.37±1.22)D,睫状肌麻痹后的平均SE为(0.13±1.11)D。经t检验,两者的差异有统计学意义(t＝-25.75,P<0.05)。Bland-Altman plots分析显示睫状肌麻痹后的SE发生远视漂移,且随年龄的增加该漂移逐渐减小。所有受检者睫状肌麻痹前的K值、CCT、ACD及AL,以及睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C及PSC分别为(44.02±1.51)D、(2.88±0.36)mm、(23.07±0.95)mm、(4.52±0.41)mm、(2.72±0.43)、(2.72±0.43)、(0.26±0.63)及(0.13±0.26)。睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C与SE呈正相关。经Pearson相关分析,其相关性具有统计学意义(r＝0.13,0.11,0.11,0.07;P<0.05)。受检者睫状肌麻痹前的K值、ACD、AL及睫状肌麻痹后的PSC与SE呈负相关(r＝-0.12,-0.17,-0.20,-0.13;P<0.05)。近视眼与睫状肌麻痹前的AL、睫状肌麻痹后的NO、NC、C及PSC呈负相关。经Pearson相关分析,其相关性具有统计学意义(r＝-0.22,-0.15,-0.15,-0.14,-0.42;P<0.05)。 结论受检者睫状肌麻痹后SE发生明显的远视漂移,且随年龄增加此现象逐渐减小。睫状肌麻痹前的K、ACD、AL,以及睫状肌麻痹后的LT、NO、NC、C和PSC均与SE相关,其中影响近视眼的因素有AL、NO、NC、C及PSC。     

The pig as an experimental model for mid-dermal burns research

This was a novel, prospective and interventional animal study designed to develop and evaluate a new infliction device for the experimental burn model.Four paired sets of contact burns measuring 36 mm diameter were inflicted on the dorsum of an anesthetized pig using a stainless steel round bar heated up to 80–110 °C. The bar was applied using a push–pull force gauge designed to control 1 kgf mechanical force applied to the skin for a period of 20 s. The left dorsum was used for macroscopic observation and the right dorsum was used for histopathological evaluation. A total of eight burns were covered with moist saline dressings and given daily treatments of xylocaine (lidocaine HCl) gel. This procedure was followed for a period of 24 days. Full-thickness biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis to determine the extent of injury.Statistical analysis showed a high correlation between the exposure temperature and histopathological assessment. The results found the depth of injury to the collagen (Seg₁) correlated with the temperature (T_i) at which the burns was inflicted, Seg₁ = 0.038T_i − 2.57 (r = 0.973, P < 0.05). Also, the histological studies show a high correlation between the depth of collagen denaturation in wounds and the exposure temperature, Seg₁ = 0.0268T_i − 0.165 (r = 0.991, P < 0.05). This model is useful to assess more closely the therapeutic agents used for wound healing in experimental burn wounds.     

Monitoring techniques; neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia

This article outlines the physical principles underlying peripheral nerve stimulation and depth of anaesthesia monitoring in relation to anaesthesia. The patterns of nerve stimulation most commonly used in clinical practice are described including train-of-four, double burst stimulation and tetanic stimulation, as well as methods used to measure motor response. The key technologies currently used to monitor level of consciousness during anaesthesia are also described, namely methods based on electroencephalography and stimulus evoked potentials, including limitations of their use. Published clinical guidelines on the use of both nerve stimulators and level of consciousness monitors are also discussed.