儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜与幽门螺旋杆菌的关系

目的探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）与幽门螺旋杆菌（HP）感染的关系。方法采用幽门螺旋杆菌尿素酶抗体检测技术,对94例ITP患儿进行HP抗体检测,其中急性ITP患儿74例,慢性ITP患儿20例,并观察急性与慢性患儿HP抗体阳性率的差异。结果急性患儿HP的IgG抗体阳性率40.54%,慢性患儿HP的IgG抗体阳性率65.0%,慢性患儿HP抗体阳性率明显高于急性患儿,两组间阳性率经卡方检验,有显著性差异,P〈0.05。结论HP感染可能是ITP的发病原因之一,也可能是慢性ITP治疗不佳的原因之一。     

老年多器官功能不全综合征患者行配对血浆滤过吸附治疗的护理

目的：对老年多器官功能不全综合征( MODSE)患者行配对血浆滤过吸附治疗,浅谈护理体会。方法 MODSE患者4例入选,应用CPFA+CVVHDF治疗8次。使用AQUARIUS机器( CVVHDF模式),血浆分离器OP-O8W,血滤器HF1200或AEF-10S,血液灌流器HA330-Ⅱ或HA330。血流速度180 ml/min,血浆分离速度35~50 ml/min,治疗时间10 h。灌流器5h更换一次,置换液1000~2500 ml/h,透析液1500~2500 ml/h。结果4例患者经CPFA +CVVHDF治疗后,死亡1例,自动出院1例,2例肾功能正常后停止血液净化治疗,治愈出院。结论 CPFA应用于老年多器官功能障碍综合征的治疗,取得了较好的疗效,要求护士有高度的责任心,敏锐的观察力,娴熟的专业技术,丰富的临床经验,较好的体力支持。     

Preventing surgical site infections

Over the past 50 years, increased interest in the discipline of surgical infection has resulted in advances in post-surgical infection control. Early investigations focused on the importance of anaerobic microflora to postoperative infection and paved the way for significant improvements in prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic treatment of surgical patients. Later research centered on the identification of risk factors to better predict postoperative infection rates. This article reviews the evolution of postoperative infection control and highlights antibiotic prophylaxis in specific clinical situations.     

Instructing females to wipe their vulva after bowel movements is unnecessary to prevent cystitis: a short research report

In Japan, females are often taught to wipe their vulva from front to back (FTB) after bowel movements in order to prevent cystitis. In this report, we studied whether vulva care after bowel movements in females is a risk factor for simple cystitis. Moreover, we evaluated factors affecting the method of vulva care after bowel movements in females. We recruited 274 females for this study. We analysed the correlations between the style of vulva care, restroom habits and patient characteristics. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between the incidence of cystitis and the style of vulva care after bowel movements. There were no significant differences in the presence of coexisting diseases (P = 0·766), activities of daily living (ADL's) (P = 0·203), body mass index (BMI) (P = 0·174) or restroom style (P = 0·512). However, a significantly greater number of elderly subjects reported wiping from back to front (P = 0·023). In the cystitis group, 48 females (28%) reported wiping the vulva from back to front after bowel movements. In the control group, 29 females (28%) reported wiping the vulva from FTB after bowel movements. There were no significant differences between these two groups (P = 0·988). Our data demonstrated that instructing females to wipe their vulva from FTB after bowel movements is unnecessary for the purpose of preventing cystitis.     

急性出血坏死性胰腺炎早期非手术治疗的探讨：附37例临床分析

目的：介绍并讨论急性出血坏死性胰腺炎早期非手术治疗适应症、措施和中转手术指征。方法：回顾性总结我院外科1992年1月～1994年12月收治的37例急性出血坏死性胰腺炎的诊断治疗经验。结果：全组37例病人，假性胰腺囊肿形成15例、ARDS5例、胰疹4例，无严重并发症20例；中转手术6例，死亡2例，死亡率5．4％。结论：非手术治疗适用于诊断明确、无胰腺及胰周感染、无明显胆道梗阻的病人；非手术治疗措施除严密监护下的常规治疗外，特别强调抑制胰腺分泌、改善微循环、促进肠道功能、肠道应用抗生素、利尿、营养支持、胰外器官损害对症治疗；在非手术治疗过程中出现胰腺或胰周感染，假性囊肿并发症时应及时中转手术。     

Tuberculosis infection of the talonavicular joint

Isolated tuberculosis osteomyelitis affecting the foot is extremely rare. Symptoms are nonspecific and haematological investigations are often unhelpful making diagnosis difficult.We report the case of a 41-year-old female who presented with a 7-month history of a painful hindfoot following a minor ankle sprain. Inflammatory markers were mildly raised and initial radiographs showed only some mild narrowing of the talonavicular joint. MRI scanning suggested osteomyelitis centred over the talonavicular joint. Open biopsy confirmed areas of caseous necrosis but no acid-fast bacilli were seen. The final diagnosis was confirmed with culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis. A good recovery was seen following debridement and commencement of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.Unless an awareness of this condition exists, the diagnosis and therefore the appropriate treatment can often be delayed which may lead to significant consequences for the patient.     

Incidence and bacteriology of burn infections at a military burn center

Considerable advancements in shock resuscitation and wound management have extended the survival of burned patients, increasing the risk of serious infection. We performed a 6-year review of bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility records at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research Burn Center between January 2003 and December 2008. The primary goal was to identify the bacteria recovered from patients with severe burns and determine how the bacteriology changes during extended hospitalization as influenced by population and burn severity. A total of 460 patients were admitted to the burn ICU with 3507 bacteria recovered from 13,727 bacteriology cultures performed. The most prevalent organisms recovered were Acinetobacter baumannii (780), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (703), Klebsiella pneumoniae (695) and Staphylococcus aureus (469). A. baumannii was most often recovered from combat-injured (58%) and S. aureus the most frequent isolate from local (46%) burn patients. Culture recovery rate of A. baumannii and S. aureus was highest during the first 15 hospital days (73% and 71%); while a majority of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were recovered after day 15 (63% and 53%). All 4 pathogens were recovered throughout the course of hospitalization. A. baumannii was the most prevalent pathogen recovered from patients with total body surface area (TBSA) burns less than 30% (203) and 30–60% (338) while P. aeruginosa was most prevalent in patients with burns greater than 60% TBSA (292). Shifting epidemiology of bacteria recovered during extended hospitalization, bacteriology differences between combat-injured and local burn patients, and impact of % TBSA may affect patient management decisions during the course of therapy.