坦桑尼亚摩省明都学校血吸虫病流行特点分析

阐明坦桑尼I明都地区曼氏血吸虫病和埃及血吸虫病感染特性，为该地区防治工作提供科学的依据。方法1995年11月我们对坦桑尼亚摩省明都小学241名6～18岁的学生进行了粪检和尿检，结果曼氏血吸虫病的感染率为80．5％．埃及血吸虫病的感染率为50．9％。其中粪检和尿检两项阳性者占39．7％，两相阴性者只占8．5％，粪检阳性尿检阴性者占40．6％和尿检阳性粪检阴性者占11．2％。结论曼氏血吸虫病感染率女性略高于男性，而埃及血吸虫病感染率则男性高于女性，感染率和感染度基本上一致。     

Indium-111 oxine-labeled autologous leukocyte scans in the management of colorectal diseases

The accuracy and usefulness of indium-111 oxine-labeled autologous leukocyte scans in the management of infectious complications of colon and rectal surgery and of inflammatory diseases of the colon have been studied by review of the records of all patients undergoing such scans at Morristown Memorial Hospital during the first six months such scans were performed there. A total of 20 scans was performed on 18 patients. Twelve scans were performed on 11 patients being treated for diseases of the colon and rectum. Of these 12 scans, one was normal, four demonstrated intra-abdominal abscesses, three demonstrated wound infections (two abdominal, one perineal), one was positive for granulomatous colitis, one for pseudomembranous colitis, one for chronic diverticulitis, and one for enterocutaneous fistula. One allergic reaction to the labeled leukocytes occurred. Comparisons with other corroborative localizing diagnostic tests were made. Subsequent treatment was reviewed. Analysis of these cases indicates that the majority of all scans were performed to evaluate complications of colorectal surgery or inflammatory diseases of the colon and that these scans were highly accurate. In all instances where appropriate, delineation of a lesion in the colorectal cases was followed by corrective treatment.     

Hepatitis A IgG seropositivity and coronary atherosclerosis assessed by angiography

Background: Infectious agents, in particular intracellular pathogens that can establish long-term, persistent infection, may play an important role in atherogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that hepatitis A virus (HAV) could be associated with significant coronary artery disease. Methods: The possible association between HAV infection and angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) was studied. Blood from 218 patients undergoing coronary angiography was tested for serum IgG antibodies to HAV. Results: Of the 218 patients, 178 (81.7%) had anti-HAV IgG antibodies. CAD prevalence was 66.3% in HAV seropositive and 57.5% in HAV seronegative patients (P=0.385). In contrast, the number of infectious pathogens to which an individual has been exposed correlates with CAD. Four or more of the six seromarkers tested for particular infections (HAV, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, cytomegalovirus, influenza type A and type B) were positive in 48.8% of patients with CAD and in 31.2% of patients in patients without CAD (P=0.02). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that HAV seropositivity is not a predictor of risk for CAD. HAV infection, therefore, seems not to be associated with CAD. The number of infectious agents to which an individual has been exposed (‘infectious burden’) correlates with CAD.     

Spontaneous remission in adult acute myeloid leukemia in association with systemic bacterial infection—case report and review of the literature

Spontaneous remission of acute myeloid leukemia in the adult is a rare event. We report on a 31-year-old male patient suffering from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M5a according to the French-American-British (FAB) classification with biphenotypic features in flow cytometric examination and severe bacterial infection with group G streptococci at the time of diagnosis. Because of sepsis and stable clinical conditions, chemotherapy was delayed and antibiotics were administered intravenously. Within 6 weeks a spontaneous remission of AML occurred. Remission lasted for about 2 months. At the time of relapse, a change in phenotype of the leukemic blasts with a loss of B-lymphoid markers could be demonstrated by flow cytometry. The patient was treated with an induction therapy according to the multicentric German AMLCG 2000 schedule. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous remission in an AML FAB M5a associated with coexpression of myeloid- and lymphoid-associated antigens on the leukemic blasts. Possible mechanisms of this phenomenon are discussed with a review of the literature.     

Risk of infection in hospitalised children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 10-year follow-up

The objective of this study was to investigate infection and sepsis in hospitalised children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Between 1991 and 2000 we reviewed 72 episodes of suspected infection in 42 children with SLE from all hospitalised children with SLE at a medical center in Taiwan. Data comprised clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE at the time of infection. Infections were identified and categorised as minor or major. A total of 125 patients (110 girls, 15 boys) were admitted 557 times. Forty-two patients had infections, giving an infection rate of 33.6%. There were a total of 72 infections including 20 proven infections; 61 cases of these were minor infections and 11 cases of these were major infections (10 cases were sepsis). Four patients died because of sepsis. By univariate analysis, major infection (sepsis) was significantly associated with a high SLE disease activity index score, lower complement levels and higher anti-DNA titres. In conclusion, our data confirm that infection is common in hospitalised children with SLE. Sepsis, most frequent in major infections, is associated with disease activity and causes significant mortality. These facts should be borne in mind when children with SLE are hospitalised.     

重症急性胰腺炎继发感染及其防治:310例分析

背景:重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病情凶险、病死率高,继发感染是导致SAP患者死亡的重要原因,但目前尚缺少SAP继发感染的大宗病例报道。目的:总结SAP继发感染的发生和防治情况。方法:回顾性分析1993年1月～2006年1月长海医院310例SAP患者的临床资料,作继发真菌/细菌感染的菌谱调查,详细记录患者的抗生素使用情况和治疗结果。结果:共96例(31.0%)SAP患者出现继发感染,平均感染发生时间为发病后21.31天±9.72天。感染菌谱中真菌87株,其中念珠菌62株(71.3%),毛霉菌17株(19.5%),酵母菌7株(8.0%),念珠菌中常见的菌种依次为白色念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌。继发细菌感染的部位多位于腹腔。结论:SAP继发真菌感染以念珠菌感染为主,继发细菌感染则以革兰阴性菌感染为主。细菌感染预防性用药首选喹诺酮类加甲硝唑,如感染严重则加用第三代头孢菌素或亚胺培南。可根据培养结果选用敏感抗生素。对疑为真菌感染者应采取预防性抗真菌治疗。     

Diagnostic value of serum human Galactomannan aspergillus antigen and 1,3‐beta‐D‐glucan in immunocompromised patient suspected fungal infection

BackgroundThe prevalence of fungal infection (FI) in developing countries is high, but the diagnosis of FI is still challenging to determine, so it is needed evaluation of biomarkers other than microbiological culture, because the culture has low sensitivity, high cost, not available in every laboratory and needs a long time. The detection of human galactomannan Aspergillus antigen (GAL) and 1,3‐beta‐D‐glucan (BDG) on the fungal cell wall could be the promising biomarkers for fungal infection. Neutropenia, lymphopenia and CD4T cells in the immunocompromised patients are essential factors, but these cell associations with BDG and GAL levels have not been evaluated yet. The study aimed to evaluate GAL and BDG for detecting fungal infection and their association with total leucocyte count, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte and CD4T cells.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 86 patient with suspected FI. Fungal infection established using EORTC/MSG criteria. Serology test performed using ELISA. Leucocyte cells were measured using a haematology autoanalyser, and CD4T cells were analysed using BD FACSPresto. Statistical analysis obtained using Spearman''s correlation coefficient, ROC curve analysis and 2 × 2 contingency table.ResultsSerum Galactomannan and BDG had a significant correlation with CD4T cells and total lymphocyte count (p < 0.05). The cut‐off OD GAL >0.3 had sensitivity 54.6%, specificity 87.5% and AUC 0.71; meanwhile, the BDG cut‐off >115.78 pg/ mL had sensitivity 71.2%, specificity 52.4% and AUC 0.63 for detecting fungal infection.ConclusionsThe immunocompromised patients can undergo GAL for determining the diagnose of FI. The lower the CD4T cells and total lymphocyte count, the higher the GAL and BDG serum levels.     

目标管理方案降低导尿管相关性尿路感染发生率的临床实践

目的 实施目标管理方案降低导尿管相关性尿路感染发生率,通过制订目标、实施目标、完成目标,推进质量改善。方法 对某三级甲等综合医院2020年4月—9月留置导尿管的住院患者,应用目标管理方案,依次制订质量改善目标、质量改善计划,实施计划并对过程进行质量评价,通过评估结果的反馈改进行动,实现质量改善。设定1个月为1个质量周期,首个周期的质量为基线,之后各周期质量与之比较,同时与前1周期质量比较。结果 12个过程指标与基线质量比较,6个指标在第2个周期得以改善（P<0.05）,此后凡优于第2周期和基线质量的指标,较基线质量比较,差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.001）。5个过程指标基线完成率已达到较高水平,与后续测量数据持平。结果指标导尿管相关性尿路感染发生率项目末期较基线显著降低（P<0.05）。过程指标10项措施执行完成率≥95%,2项措施执行率≥91%,达成目标。结论 应用目标管理方案进行质量改善,实现目标导向指标具体化管理,对护理质量进行客观测量,科学比较,切实降低了留置导尿管住院患者的导尿管相关性尿路感染发生率,促进护理质量提升。     

Increased blood–brain barrier vulnerability to systemic inflammation in an Alzheimer disease mouse model

Behavioral and psychological problems are often observed in patients with dementia such as that associated with Alzheimer disease, and these noncognitive symptoms place an extremely heavy burden on the family and caregivers. Although it is well know that these symptoms often are triggered by infection of peripheral organs, the underlying mechanisms for these pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, using an Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP)-transgenic mouse, we analyzed behavioral changes and brain inflammatory response induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide. Application of a unique in vivo microdialysis system revealed that the increase in brain inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6) level was significantly higher in APP-Tg than in wild-type mice after peripheral lipopolysaccharide injection, which was associated with more severe sickness behaviors. The blood–brain barrier became more permeable in APP-Tg mice during peripherally evoked inflammation, suggesting the increased vulnerability of the blood–brain barrier to inflammation in this animal model of Alzheimer's disease. These findings might provide insight into the pathogenesis of noncognitive symptoms in dementia and a basis to develop new therapeutic treatments for them.