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11.
2003-2005年新生儿感染常见致病菌及耐药性的变迁 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
目的了解本地区新生儿2003至2005年感染常见致病菌的种类及耐药的现状,以指导临床合理应用抗生素。方法收集我院新生儿科2003年1月至2005年12月收治的613份体液培养阳性(痰液、血液、分泌物、胃液等标本)的患儿资料,对常见检出菌及其耐药性的变迁情况进行分析。结果共检出40种613株病原菌,以革兰阴性杆菌为主约占57.6%,而肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌分别位于前二位,其产ESBLs菌株检出率分别为78.1%和82.6%。药敏结果显示,常见致病菌对青霉素、第一、二代头胞类抗生素、红霉素类耐药性显著增加,但对第三代头胞类抗生素如头孢曲松、头孢噻肟(凯福隆)、头孢他啶(复达欣)及B内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂、碳青霉烯类、万古霉素等较敏感。产ESBLs菌仅对亚胺培南及B内酰胺酶抑制剂复方制剂敏感。结论革兰阴性杆菌特别是肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌是新生儿感染主要病原菌,产ESBLs菌比例增加应引起高度重视。碳青霉烯类、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,可作为新生儿严重医院感染经验用药,应尽量根据药敏试验调整抗生素。 相似文献
12.
口咽部感染并发化脓性纵膈炎-附6例临床病例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的报道口咽部感染并发化脓性纵膈炎(称为下行性坏死性纵膈炎descending necrotizing mediastinitis DNM)的病例资料,供临床作借鉴。方法报道6例口咽部感染并发化脓性纵膈炎病例的临床特点及治疗方法。结果本病的感染多为厌氧茵和需氧茵的混合感染;内脏后间隙是感染由口咽部向纵膈扩散的主要途径;治疗的关键是全身抗菌素应用+颈纵膈引流。结论DNM是一种发展迅速的致死性炎性疾病。早期的诊断、有效的治疗、多学科协同配合抢救可以大大降低死亡率。 相似文献
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S.J. Gallacher G. Thomson W.D. Fraser B.M. Fisher C.G. Gemmell A.C. MacCuish 《Diabetic medicine》1995,12(10):916-920
Neutrophil bactericidal activity was assessed in patients with type 1 (n=45) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=68) and non-diabetic control subjects (n=40) by measurement of whole blood chemiluminescence. Though chemiluminescence values tended to be highest in the non-diabetic subjects these differences were not statistically significant (mean ± SD) (2.73 ± 1.65 mV (controls), 2.33 ± 1.41 mV (Type 1 diabetes) and 2.38 ± 1.12 mV (Type 2 diabetes), F=1.12, p=0.33). Significant negative correlations were evident, however, in patients with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes between chemiluminescence and glycated haemoglobin (rs=-0.35, p=0.005 (Type 1), rs=-0.45, p=0.002 (Type 2), fructosamine (rs=-0.36, p=0.003 (Type 1), rs=-0.42, p=0.004 (Type 2)), and random blood glucose (rs=-0.25, p=0.04 (Type 1), rs=-0.48, p=0.001 (Type 2)). Changes in whole blood chemiluminescence in a further group of 10 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus commenced on insulin therapy were followed for 21 days. Serum fructosamine concentrations fell significantly over this time (524 ± 58 μmol l?1 to 405 ± 47 μmol l?1, p<0.001), however, although chemiluminescence values tended to rise these changes were not statistically significant (1.01 ± 0.38 mV to 1.60 ± 0.91 mV, S=4.24, df=5, p=0.52). These results suggest that impaired neutrophil bactericidal function is associated with poor blood glucose control. While it is likely that neutrophil bactericidal function will improve as blood glucose control improves, further studies are required both to confirm this and to demonstrate a reduction in the incidence of clinical bacterial infection. 相似文献
17.
Maite Sainz De La Maza Ramzy K. Hemady C. Stephen Foster 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1993,83(1):33-41
While systemic autoimmune diseases are the main possibilities in the differential diagnosis of scleritis, other less common etiologies such as infections must also be considered. The authors report four cases of infectious scleritis to review predisposing factors, clinical characteristics, methods of diagnostic approach, and response to therapy. Two patients had primary scleritis and two patients had secondary scleritis following extension of primary corneal infection (corneoscleritis). Diagnoses included three local infections (one each withStaphylococcus. Acanthamoeba, and herpes simplex) and one systemic infection (Lyme disease). Stains, cultures, or immunologic studies from scleral, conjunctival, and/or corneal tissues, and serologic tests were used to make the diagnosis. Medical therapy, including antimicrobial agents, was instituted in all patients, and surgical procedures were additionally required in two patients (scleral grafting in one and two penetrating keratoplasties in another); the patient who required two penetrating keratoplasties had corneoscleritis and underwent eventual enucleation. Infectious agents should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scleritis. 相似文献
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Bacterial components regulate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 on human mast cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Y. Kubo N. Fukuishi M. Yoshioka Y. Kawasoe S. Iriguchi N. Imajo Y. Yasui N. Matsui M. Akagi 《Inflammation research》2007,56(2):70-75
Objectives and design: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exposure of mast cells (MCs) to bacterial components affects the expression
of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and to elucidate the behavior of MCs during the early response to infection.
Materials: Two human MC lines, HMC-1 and LAD2, were employed. Messenger RNA expression was observed by RT and real-time PCR. TLR4 expression
was determined by Western blotting. TNF-α secretion was analyzed with ELISA. The degranulation ratio was measured with betahexosaminidase
assay.
Results: Although bacterial components increased TLR4 mRNA, only lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augmented the TLR4 protein expression. LAD2
pre-treated with LPS for 8 h resulted in 2-fold increased TNF-α secretion on LPS restimulation.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the exposure of MCs to LPS may reinforce the innate immune system due to up-regulation of MC TLR4,
followed by increased TNF-α release.
Received 20 April 2006; returned for revision 14 July 2006; accepted by G. Wallace 11 August 2006 相似文献
20.
胃幽门弯曲菌感染对胃癌发生影响的探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用Warthin-starry镀银技术检查胃幽门弯曲菌,对中国胃癌高发区及美国胃癌高发区新奥尔良检查了300例具有胃症状的胃粘膜标本。结果发现幽门弯曲菌阳性率为60~62%,并且看到这种细菌的感染与慢性胃炎病变的程度有明显的关系。本文探讨了幽门弯曲菌的感染与胃癌癌前病变的关系。 相似文献