云南省路南彝族自治县小儿急性腹泻病流行病学调查

1986—1987年对云南省路南县5岁以下儿童随机抽样1016例,每月调查急性腹泻病发病情况。结果表明年发病率为1.43±0.07次/年。6月至1岁组发病率最高。4、5、6月为发病高峰季节,病原学检查以产肠毒素埃希氏大肠杆菌为主占39.1％,其次为轮状病毒,占26％。两年定群研究得出小儿急性腹泻病发病危险因素为饮用溏水沟水,随地大小便,多子女家庭与体弱多病儿童及人畜共居等。因此,改善供水,培养卫生习惯,加强计划生育等措施是该县防治本病主导措施。     

Effects of Spascupreel versus hyoscine butylbromide for gastrointestinal cramps in children

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal spasms and cramps are common in children as well as in adults. Alternative medical practices such as chiropractice and homeopathy are becoming increasingly popular in Europe and the USA. The effectiveness and tolerability of the homeopathic preparation Spascupreel was compared with that of hyoscine butylbromide treatment in children <12 years of age. METHODS: An observational cohort study in 204 children <12 years was conducted over a 1 week treatment period. The efficacy of the respective therapies were evaluated on the effect on severity of spasms and clinical symptoms (pain/cramps, sleep disturbances, distress, eating or drinking difficulties and frequent crying). Compliance was evaluated on a four-point scale from 'very good' to 'low'. Evaluation was done by the practitioner based on information given by the patient or minder. RESULTS: The analysis showed comparative improvements with the homeopathic preparation and hyoscine butylbromide therapy on severity of spasms, pain/cramps, sleep disturbances, eating or drinking difficulties, and frequent crying, all as evaluated by the practitioner. Both treatments were very well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: For patients opting for a homeopathic therapy, Spascupreel seems to be an effective and well tolerated alternative to conventional therapies in children suffering from gastrointestinal spasms.     

Ictal Clinical Electroencephalographic Findings of Spasms in West Syndrome

Summary: The electroencephalographic/video recordings of 955 spasms in children with cryptogenic and symptomatic West syndrome (WS) were reviewed to define the relation between a clinical manifestation of a spasm and its EEG pattern, and to examine whether these features reflect the etiology and prognosis of WS. The review confirmed the spasm to be a distinct type of seizure, with a unique clinical and EEG pattern unlike that of all other recognized seizures. Symmetric spasms were present in cryptogenic and symptomatic patients. In contrast, asymmetric spasms, or focal signs recognizable during a spasm, strongly indicated the existence of a cerebral lesion. In both etiological groups, the characteristic ictal EEG pattern of the spasms consisted of a positive-vertex slow wave. The other two patterns apparently correlated to a spasm, were fast activity, here called spindle-like, and decremental activity. The fast activity corresponded to a clinical stare, and the decremental activity, when present, represented a postictal event. Although it was independent from the etiology of the spasms, persisting hypsarrhythmia during a cluster of spasms appeared to be an EEG pattern that correlated with a favorable outcome.     

Monosomy 9q and trisomy 16q in a case of congenital solitary infantile myofibromatosis

Although infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is the most common fibrous proliferation of infancy, many aspects of this benign lesion have not been explored. IM histogenesis is still poorly understood, despite immunohistochemical staining and ultrastructural features that suggest a myofibroblastic origin. IM diagnosis is often made difficult by the predominance of small primitive spindle cells over myofibrobasts and the presence of intravascular growth. Genetic information is scarce, with only one karyotyped case. Here we describe a case of solitary IM discovered at birth in an otherwise healthy girl. The tumor was well circumscribed, arranged in nodules and made up of ovoid cells without atypia, in a myxoid background. Immunohistochemical evaluation indicated a myofibroblastic differentiation. The cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed an abnormal chromosome 9, derived from an unbalanced whole-arm translocation between chromosomes 9 and 16. On both chromosomes, the breakpoints were located in the pericentric heterochromatic region. This clonal abnormality has not been reported in other tumors and is different from the chromosome 6q deletion reported in the single previous reported IM karyotype.     

小儿脑瘫与弓形虫感染关系的研究

目的 探讨海南小儿不明原因脑瘫与弓形虫感染的关系,为诊治小儿脑瘫提供依据,方法 以住院确诊不明原因脑瘫患儿为研究组,体检正常的小儿为对照组,比较两组弓形虫抗体ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ、循环抗原（ＣＡｇ）、ＤＮＡ的四项检测,分析弓形虫感染与脑瘫的关系。结果 研究组检测 ７９例脑瘫患儿中,弓形虫阳性３３例,感染率为４１．８％,对照组检测２６９例中,弓形虫阳性２３例,感染率为８．６％,两组对比差别非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论 弓形虫感染是海南不明原因脑瘫患儿的主要原因之一,对于孕妇、新生儿和婴幼儿的弓形虫感染检测,是防治脑瘫发生的手段之一。     

《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》解读

小儿腹泻病是儿童消化系统最常见的疾病,2022年中国中西医结合学会儿科专业委员会制定了《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》。现结合临床实践及最新的研究结果,对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》中小儿腹泻病的发病机制、诊断和治疗中的重点内容进行解读,以期加深医务工作者对《中西医结合防治小儿腹泻病专家共识》的认识,促进中西医结合规范化治疗小儿腹泻病。     

113例儿童孤独症的临床与脑电图分析

目的：探讨儿童孤独症的临床特征及脑电图变化。方法：对113例儿童孤独症的临床资料和脑电图检查结果进行分析。结果：母孕产期不利因素影响胎儿早期发育是导致儿童孤独症的重要原因之一。遗传因素不可忽视。脑电图异常率35．4％，无规律性。结论：儿童孤独症的脑功能障碍与脑器质性损害密切相关。     

Late recurrence of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A case of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis that recurred 2 months after Ramstedt's operation is presented. A second pyloromyotomy was carried out with resolution of symptoms. A computer-based review of the literature suggests that this is the first such report.     

论吴鞠通治疳学术思想

吴鞠通《温病条辨·解儿难》对疳疾的论治文短义深,所提治疳九妙法蕴藏着深奥的学术思想。本文从脾胃学说、升降出入学说、营卫学说等方面进行了阐发,以期能发掘其学术渊薮,指导学术研究及临床实践。     

Infantile small cell gliomas

Summary Fourteen juvenile patients with small cell gliomas were studied at two institutes. These tumors are believed to form a distinct entity. They arise mostly in the diencephalon or the brain stem and are composed of a poorly differentiated small cell component having a prononounced tendency to differentiate into a glioma. Signs of neuroblastic differentiation were also found with the electron microscope. Small cell gliomas disseminate early and profusely throughout the ventricular walls and the subarachnoid spaces including the spinal meninges. Prognosis is grave, most patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis or surgical intervention. The designation infantile small cell glioma overlaps with both the metastasising gliomas in young subjects of Eade and Urich (1971) and with the primitive neuroectodermal tumor of infancy of Hart and Earle (1973).