Radioimmunoassay for rat galanin: immunochemical and chromatographic characterization of immunoreactivity in tissue extracts

Galanin is a regulatory peptide with wide distribution in the central and peripheral nervous system and with numerous biological effects. Several radioimmunoassays based on antisera raised against porcine galanin have been used to measure immunoreactivity in rat tissues. However, considerable lack of parallelism has been observed between the porcine standard and rat tissue extracts, which may decrease the reliability of the quantitative data. The purpose of the present study was therefore to raise antibodies against rat galanin and establish a competitive radioimmunoassay for rat galanin. Two antisera, RatGal4 and RatGal5, were characterized in detail. The homogeneity of the immunoreactive material from several tissues was also investigated with column chromatography. At reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography more than 95% of the immunoreactive material from rat CNS eluted as a single peak in the position of synthetic rat galanin, whereas almost half of the immunoreactive material from the intestine eluted in positions different from the synthetic peptide. Extracts of rat brains as well as jejunum diluted in parallel with the standard curve for both antisera. We conclude that measurements of rat galanin based on these antisera are therefore more reliable than those based on antisera raised against porcine galanin.     

Influence of maternal labor time on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme activity and markers of oxidative stress in newborns

Abstract

The purpose is to determine markers of oxidative stress related to the longer and shorter duration of labor (DOL) of pregnant women in the umbilical cord blood of neonates, not yet studied. Blood samples from the umbilical cord were collected from pregnant women with normal delivery and classified according to DOL in two groups: a group with DOL less than 310?min (n?=?33) and a group with DOL greater than or equal to 310?min (n?=?35). The oxidative stress parameters were analyzed by the quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), protein thiol groups (P-SH) and non-protein (NP-SH), vitamin C and plasma iron reduction capacity (FRAP), in addition to the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). The activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme was shown to be decreased in longer DOL, however, the oxidant parameters and antioxidants were higher in the longer DOL, with the exception of NP-SH that was lower. The longer maternal DOL time is related to the alteration of δ-ALA-D enzyme activity and other parameters in neonates, suggesting an increase in the passage of maternal oxidative markers by umbilical cord blood.     

Distribution of prenatal and postnatal risk factors for sudden infant death in Budapest

Mortality from coronary heart disease has decreased by 60% in Finland during the past 25 years. The prevalence of coronary heart disease decreased during the 1990s among the elderly. Silent myocardial infarction was common, especially in elderly women. The number of coronary angioplasty or bypass operations has increased considerably, especially in men. Objective &;#114 - &;#114 To characterise the prevalence of, and changes in, coronary heart disease (CHD) among men and women aged between 64 and 71 years in the 1990s. Design &;#114 - &;#114 A study of clinical epidemiology involving two cohorts of elderly persons in 1990 - 1991 and 1998 - 1999. Setting &;#114 - &;#114 Primary health care in the municipality of Lieto in southwestern Finland. Subjects &;#114 - &;#114 Persons between 64 and 71 years of age in the southwest of Finland in 1990-1991 and 1998-1999. Main outcome measures &;#114 - &;#114 The occurrences of CHD were estimated using the history of a previous myocardial infarction or coronary revascularisation procedure evident in the medical records and with ischaemia or infarction as established on ECG according to the Whitehall criteria. Results &;#114 - &;#114 The prevalence of 'probable' CHD decreased among men and women aged between 64 and 71 years, whereas the prevalence of 'possible' CHD decreased among women alone. Silent myocardial infarctions were common among women of both cohorts. Many more men of the second cohort, compared to the first one, had undergone a coronary angioplasty or bypass operation. Conclusion &;#114 - &;#114 The prevalence of CHD decreased among elderly women more clearly than among young elderly men. The favourable development illustrating a decrease in the prevalence of CHD among women should be sustained, while health promotion activities will need to be directed more actively towards men.     

产妇对新生儿性别满意度对其产后出血量的影响

目的探讨产妇对新生儿性别满意度对其产后出血量的影响。方法选择2010年6月至2011年12月在温岭市妇幼保健院产科住院的单胎头位顺产的980例初产妇和528例经产妇,按照她们对新生儿性别的满意程度分为满意组和不满意组,记录产程时间,测量产时、产后2h及24h的出血量,计算产后出血的发生率。结果不满意组产后2h及24h出血量多于满意组,产后出血发生率也明显高于满意组(P<0.01),特别是不满意组经产妇产后出血率高达15.51%。结论产妇对新生儿性别的满意程度对其产后出血有一定影响,医护人员应及时发现潜在的高危因素,对新生儿性别不满意产妇进行必要的心理辅导,以减少产后出血量,降低产后出血发生率,确保产妇的身心健康。     

超声在新生儿肺炎诊断中的应用

新生儿肺炎作为新生儿常见疾病,严重危害新生儿健康,是导致其死亡的重要原因。目前临床诊断新生儿肺炎的主要方法为X线摄片。随着超声技术的发展,其在肺部疾病诊断中的应用也越来越多。本文就超声在新生儿肺炎的辅助诊断及治疗随访中的应用现状与进展进行综述。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的MRI评价

目的：评价MRI对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的诊断价值。资料与方法：采用SE序列对61例（65例次）HIE患儿进行了MRI检查，分析MRI表现。结果：56例新生儿期检查中脑水肿42例，内囊后肢信号异常22例，脑出血11例，脑室出血4例，脑室旁白质软化2例。9例婴儿期检查者中表现有脑室扩大7例，脑外间隙增宽9例，髓鞘发育延迟3例。结论：MRI有助于明确HIE的脑损伤情况，对于预后的评估有价值。     

人工辅助生殖技术及自然受孕孪生早产儿临床结局分析

目的 探讨人工辅助生殖技术(assisted reproductive technology, ART)及自然受孕孪生早产儿临床结局。方法 收集医院2015-01至2020-12出生的孪生早产儿,共计364例(182对),根据受孕方式不同分为ART组和自然受孕组,ART组孪生156例(78对),自然受孕组孪生208例(104对)。对两组孪生早产新生儿期并发症情况进行回顾性分析,收集母孕期一般情况、并发症、孪生早产儿出生时孕周、Apgar评分、孪生体重及体重差值、出生后合并呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome, RDS)、新生儿宫内感染性肺炎、新生儿低血糖症、院内感染、应用呼吸支持情况、应用中心静脉置管(PICC和(或)UVC)、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度颅内出血、动脉导管未闭(≥3.0 mm)、支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD)、早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity, ROP)、住院天数、应用静脉营养时间等信息,比较两组之间的差异。结果 ART组产妇年龄大于35岁为26.3%,高于自然...     

Utility of cardiac CT in infants with congenital heart disease: Diagnostic performance and impact on management

BackgroundAdvances in cardiac CT (CCT) scanner technology allow imaging without anesthesia, and with low radiation dose, making it an attractive technique in infants with congenital heart disease. However, the utility of CCT using a dual-source scanner with respect to diagnostic performance and impact on management has not been systematically studied in this population.MethodsRetrospective review of infants who underwent CCT to determine the utility of CCT with respect to the following: answering the primary diagnostic question, providing new diagnostic information, prompting a change in management, and concordance with catheterization or surgical inspection.ResultsA total of 156 infants underwent 172 scans at a median age of 64 days, (IQR 4–188) from Jan 2016–Dec 2019. The most frequent diagnostic question was related to the pulmonary arteries (43%), followed by the aortic arch (30%), pulmonary veins (26%), coronary arteries (17%), patent ductus arteriosus (10%) and others (9%). A high-pitch spiral scan was frequently used (90%). The median effective radiation dose was low (0.66 ?mSv) and general anesthesia was used infrequently (23%). CCT answered the primary diagnostic question in 168/172 (98%) and added to the diagnostic information already available by echocardiography in 161/172 (96%) scans. CCT led to a change in management following 78/172 (53%) scans and had an impact on management following 167/172 (97%) scans. On follow-up, after 107/172 (62%) scans, subjects underwent cardiac surgery, and after 55/172 (32%) scans, they had cardiac catheterization. CCT findings were concordant with catheterization and/or surgical inspection in 156/159 (98%) scans.ConclusionsIn infants with complex congenital heart disease, CCT was accurate, answered the diagnostic questions in nearly all cases, and frequently added diagnostic information that impacted management. Radiation exposure was low, and anesthesia was needed infrequently.     

新生儿睾丸扭转8例诊治分析

目的 探讨新生儿睾丸扭转临床特点及诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院近5年收治的8例睾丸扭转新生儿的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 新生儿睾丸扭转共8例;年龄7h~8d;左侧3例,右侧5例;入院查体均发现阴囊肿大呈暗红色或黑紫色,内可及质硬包块,触痛阳性;超声检查示患睾增大、密度不均、血流信号减少或消失;均行阴囊探查术,术中均发现精索睾丸扭转并已坏死,7例行患睾切除;病理结果示睾丸大片出血坏死,5例择期行对侧睾丸固定术.所有患儿随诊3~12月,1例家长拒绝切除患睾的患儿3月时B超复查已经萎缩,超声检查均未发现对侧睾丸异常.结论 新生儿睾丸扭转的睾丸坏死率极高;当发现新生儿阴囊色泽改变、肿大触痛等改变,在不能除外睾丸扭转时应尽早行阴囊探查术.