新生儿重症监护病房死亡危险因素分析

目的 :探讨新生儿重症监护病房 ( NICU )患儿死亡的危险因素。方法 :采用多元 Logistic回归和相关分析 ,回顾性研究各危险因素对死亡的影响。结果 :通过单因素分析 ,低体重、低胎龄、机械通气时机、严重酸中毒、持续高血糖、器官衰竭时间及个数为预测患儿死亡的危险因素。结论 :严重酸中毒、持续高血糖、器官衰竭个数是判断其预后的独立危险因素。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病43例临床与预后分析

分析新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）４３例。有宫内窘迫史者占５８１％,出生重度窒息占８１４％。ＨＩＥ轻度１０例,中度２６例,重度７例。合并心肌损害达４１７％。治愈好转率为８１３％。病死率７０％。随访２４例,轻度ＨＩＥ预后好,中度有明显后遗症者为６７％,重度预后不良。认为加强围生期保健,提高产科质量,进行新法复苏及复苏后处理是降低ＨＩＥ发病率的关键。诊治中应重视心肌损害。使用胞二磷胆碱等脑细胞代谢激活剂辅治ＨＩＥ效果肯定。对于预后,强调早期治疗,早期评分、早期随访、早期干预是改善重度ＨＩＥ预后的几个重要环节。     

手术前机械通气治疗婴儿重度肺动脉高压

目的探讨婴儿重度肺动脉高压术前机械通气支持治疗的可行性。方法2006年1月至2010年1月,我院对32例重度肺动脉高压患儿术前采取机械通气支持治疗24—72h,其中男18例,女14例;平均月龄（26±3）个月,平均体重（6．8±2．5）kg。结果应用呼吸机支持24h后,血流动力学改善,心率下降,平均动脉压上升,中心静脉压下降;动脉氧分压、动脉氧饱和度明显升高,乳酸及动脉二氧化碳分压明显下降,与机械通气前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后1例死于多脏器功能衰竭。其余随访6个月～3年,均生存良好。结论术前机械通气支持治疗对提高婴儿重度肺动脉高压术后生存率、减少并发症有重要意义。     

The Concept of Intrauterine Programming and the Development of the Neonatal Microbiome in the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The process of intrauterine programming is related to the quality of the microbiome formed in the fetus and the newborn. The implementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics shows immunomodulatory potential towards the organism, especially the microbiome of the pregnant woman and her child. Nutrigenomics, based on the observation of pregnant women and the developing fetus, makes it possible to estimate the biological effects of active dietary components on gene expression or silencing. Nutritional intervention for pregnant women should consider the nutritional status of the patient, biological markers, and the potential impact of dietary intervention on fetal physiology. The use of a holistic model of nutrition allows for appropriately targeted and effective dietary prophylaxis that can impact the physical and mental health of both the mother and the newborn. This model targets the regulation of the immune response of the pregnant woman and the newborn, considering the clinical state of the microbiota and the pathomechanism of the nervous system. Current scientific reports indicate the protective properties of immunobiotics (probiotics) about the reduction of the frequency of infections and the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine programming influences the development of the microbiome for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a review of research studies.     

新生儿败血症继发血小板减少症(附26例报道)

本文对26例败血症继发血小板减少症的观察、治疗结果表明,血小板减少症在新生儿败血症中的发生率高,是导致新生儿败血症死亡的重要因素之一.动态观察血小板计数,对败血症的诊断、治疗效果的判断以及预后估计均有帮助。根据临床表现,我们分别给予静脉滴注新鲜血、血浆、低分子右旋糖酐、激素等治疗,均获得较为满意效果。     

婴儿期体外循环术后床边紧急再开胸手术11例

目的总结婴儿期体外循环术后床边紧急再开胸手术经验及教训,以减少心脏术后2次开胸的发生率。方法回顾性分析婴儿心内直视手术365例,其中行监护病房床边紧急再次开胸手术11例,发生率3.12%。室间隔缺损并重度肺动脉高压2例,法洛四联症2例,完全性肺静脉异位引流(心上型)3例,完全性房室管畸形1例,重度肺动脉狭窄1例,右心室双出口1例,大动脉转位1例。体外循环时间53～240min,主动脉阻断时间30～130min。两次手术间隔3～60h,平均16h。结果再开胸的原因:活动性出血2例;广泛性渗血5例;心脏压塞2例;心包填塞1例;心肌收缩无力1例。床边紧急再开胸手术后,死亡1例,继发脑损害1例,败血症1例。结论采取缩短体外循环时间;术中有效的止血及必要地扩大纵隔容积;术后引流管的负压吸引;术后早期充分镇静条件下的气道护理等措施,可减少2次开胸的发生率。遇到:①怀疑心脏填塞;②出血不止,引流量多;③心搏骤停等严重情况或经药物治疗无效时,应紧急开胸手术抢救,任何犹豫与延误,将失去对患者的抢救机会。虽然是紧急手术,仍必须注意无菌操作。     

高胆红素血症早产儿血清阴离子隙分析的意义

目的 探讨早产儿高胆红素血症(下称高胆)患儿的阴离子隙(AG)变化,为治疗提供依据.方法 测定94例高胆早产儿血清电解质、肾功能、肝功能,计算AG值,其中36例同时做动脉血气分折.结果 高AG44例(46.81％),正常AG 44例(46.81％),低AG 6例(6.38％).AG增高与血Na+浓度成正比,与HCO3-呈反比.AG与血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)无相关性.结论 高胆早产儿高AG代谢性酸中毒发生率高,应常规测定血电解质、肾功能及动脉血气,计算AG值以指导治疗,以免盲目用碱纠酸.     

Animal models for neonatal diseases in humans

The development of vaccines for infants and young children requires the use of animal models at various stages of preclinical development. Animal models are being used to assess the quantity and quality of the immune response, onset and duration of the response, induction of systemic versus local immunity, protection against challenge infection for the assessment of vaccine efficacy, as well as safety and toxicity of the vaccine formulation itself. A variety of animal models are available, each with its own specific advantages and disadvantages. Here, we review the most common animal models for preclinical vaccine development for human infants.     

Abscess mimicking pre-cervical and submandibular cystic hygroma in a newborn

Pre-cervical inflammation is rarely seen in a newborn. Those swellings that are seen are usually congenital, such as vascular malformations, teratoma, dermoid cyst, thyroglossal cyst, cystic hygroma (abnormal lymphatic tissue), and very rarely, inflammation secondary to infection. Being able to differentiate between each condition is important because the course, treatment and prognosis for each condition are different. This case of a neck abscess in a newborn is reported due to its resemblance to cystic hygroma and highlights the similarities between the two conditions.     

Genetic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum allelic variants infecting mothers at delivery and their children during their first plasmodial infections

IntroductionInfants born to mothers with placental malaria at delivery develop Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia earlier than those born to mothers without placental infection. This phenomenon may be explained by the development of immune tolerance due to exposure to P. falciparum antigens in utero. The hypothesis of this study is that this increased susceptibility might be related to infections by parasites expressing the same blood stage allele’s antigens as those to which the infants were exposed in utero.MethodsThe comparison of P. falciparum msp2 (3D7 and FC27) and glurp gene polymorphisms of infected mothers at delivery to those of their offspring’s infections during infancy was realized and the possible associations of the different polymorphisms with clinical outcomes were assessed. A second approach consisted in the use of a Geographic Information System to determine whether the antigen alleles were homogeneously distributed in the area of study. This was necessary to analyze whether the biological observations were due to high exposure to a particular antigen allelic form in the environment or to high infant permissiveness to the same allelic antigen polymorphism as the placental one.ResultsInfants born to mothers with placental malaria at delivery were more susceptible to infections by parasites carrying the same glurp allele as encountered in utero compared to distinct alleles, independently of their geographic distribution.ConclusionThe increased permissiveness of infants to plasmodial infections with shared placental-infant glurp alleles sheds light on the role that P. falciparum blood stage antigen polymorphisms may play in the first plasmodial infections in infancy.