Chondromyxoid fibroma: A fine-needle aspiration diagnosis

A 25-yr-old female presented with a slowly progressive swelling, occurring over an 8-yr period, in the right lower leg. The swelling was tender and fixed to the underlying bone. Clinical and radiological diagnosis was giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone. Aspiration cytology smears were cellular showing an admixture of chondroid, stellate, and fibrocytic cells against a chondroid background. On cytomorphology, a diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) was made. It was confirmed on histologic examination.     

A Relação entre Compartimentos de Volume Extracelular e Matriz Metaloproteinase 2 na Remodelação do Ventrículo Esquerdo após o Infarto do Miocárdio

Background:Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can affect myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) and its compartments, and this can provide more detailed information about the mechanism of adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling (AR) after acute myocardial infarction (MI).Objectives:To investigate the role of changes (Δ) in ECV compartments (matrix volume (MVi) and cell volume (CVi)) in the development of AR after MI, and their relationship with MMP-2 expressions.Methods:Ninety-two first MI patients who underwent 3 Tesla cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging performed 2 weeks (baseline) and 6 months post-MI. We measured T1 mapping with MOLLI sequences. ECV was performed post-gadolinium enhancement. ECV and LV mass were used to calculate MVi and CVi. AR was defined as an increase of ≥ 12% in LV end-diastolic volume in 6 months. MMPs were measured using a bead-based multiplex immunoassay system at first day (baseline) and 2 weeks post-MI. P <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.Results:Mean ECV and mean MVi baseline levels were higher in AR group compared to without AR group (42.9±6.4 vs 39.3±8.2%, p= 0.037; 65.2±13.7 vs 56.7±14.7 mL/m², p=0.010; respectively). CVi levels was similar between groups. A positive correlation was found between baseline levels of MMP-2 and baseline levels of ECV (r=0.535, p<0.001) and MVi (r=0.549, p<0.001). Increased ΔMVi levels was independently predictor of AR (OR=1.03, p=0.010). ΔMVi had superior diagnostic performance compared to ΔECV in predicting AR (ΔAUC: 0.215±0.07, p<0.001).Conclusion:High MVi levels are associated with AR, and ΔMVi was independently predictor of AR. This may be associated with MMP-2 release due to increased inflammatory response.     

Diagnosis of retinoblastoma by fine-needle aspiration and aqueous cytology

This article reports the cytodiagnosis of three cases of retinoblastoma in children aged 1.5, 2.5, and 5 yr. Two of them were diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology of the primary tumor and one by aqueous cytology. The tumor cells were usually round to oval, small and uniform, with scanty cytoplasm; they generally occurred in closely packed clusters of variable sizes. We discuss the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma with other round-cell tumors of childhood involving the orbit.     

脑脊液细胞学结合免疫组化诊断脑膜癌病的研究

目的 :探讨脑脊液细胞学检查结合免疫组化染色对脑膜癌病 (MeningealCarcinomatosis,MC)的诊断价值。方法 :脑脊液细胞学检查用侯氏自然沉淀法和粟氏玻片离心法 ,免疫组化染色用SP法。结果 :1 5例经脑脊液细胞学检查均发现异常细胞。结合免疫组化染色 1 0例 ,其中 5例用常规涂片 ,异常细胞阳性率 2 0 % ,5例用脑脊液细胞学收集细胞法异常细胞阳性率 80 % ,5例中 1例血清癌胚抗原 (CEA)阳性 ,1例细胞角蛋白 (CK)阳性 ,2例CEA、CK均阳性。结论 :脑脊液细胞学检查结合细胞免疫组化染色是诊断脑膜癌病的重要手段     

Differentiating nonhigh-grade duct carcinoma in situ from benign breast lesions

This study was undertaken to determine the discriminating cytological features between nonhigh-grade duct carcinoma in situ (NHGDCIS) and benign breast lesions and to determine any histological characteristics which would influence the cytological categorization. Smears of 12 each of histologically confirmed NHGDCIS and benign breast lesions were reviewed with regard to cellularity, cell discohesion, nuclear atypia, crowding of cells, tubule formation, necrosis, and presence of bare atypical nuclei and regular bare bipolar nuclei, and statistically analyzed. Architectural pattern, presence of necrosis, and the size of the lesion assessed at histological examination were compared with the initial cytological categorization. NHGDCIS lesions showed more cell discohesion (P = 0.04), bare atypical nuclei (P = 0.05), necrosis (P = 0.03), and sparse bare bipolar nuclei (P = 0.02) than benign lesions. These differences were statistically significant. Cellularity (P = 0.8), nuclear atypia (P = 0.06), crowding of cells (P = 0.1), and tubule formation did not show a significant difference. Six (out of six lesions) with a solid architectural pattern and six (of seven) with necrosis could be cytologically categorized as suspicious or malignant. Size of the lesion did not influence this. We conclude that cell discohesion, bare atypical and bare bipolar nuclei, and necrosis are discriminating features between NHGDCIS and benign breast lesions and NHGDCIS lesions with a solid architectural pattern and necrosis are more likely to be satisfactorily categorized cytologically.     

A case of successful detection of disseminated gastrointestinal stromal tumors by ascites smear cytology using cell block preparation with DOG1 immunostaining

Cytological features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have been reported, especially regarding fine‐needle aspiration cytology, including immunostaining for c‐kit and DOG1. Meanwhile, cytological findings of GISTs on ascites cytology have rarely been reported, which may be owing to the rare appearance of GIST tumor cells in ascites. Herein, we present a 66‐year‐old woman who had disseminated GISTs in the abdomen. The GIST tumor cells appeared sparsely in the ascites smear cytology using ascites obtained at the time of autopsy. Even when widespread intra‐abdominal dissemination takes place, GISTs may be hard to detect in ascites smear cytology, based on the experience of this case. However, immunohistochemistry of DOG1 using a cell block preparation was found to clearly visualize the GIST tumor cells, although they were sparsely present. Immunostaining of c‐kit did not provide as clear an identification of the tumor cells as DOG1 did. When suspicious about GISTs, it is wise to prepare a cell block to make it possible to visualize the tumor cells immunohistochemically. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:137–140. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Improvement of diagnostic accuracy and screening conditions with liquid-based cytology

The aim of this population-based study was to compare the histological follow-up diagnoses of cervicocytological neoplasia (dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and carcinoma) in conventional Papanicolaou (CP) smear and ThinPrep PapTest samples (TP).All cytological samples from the County of Funen, Denmark, in the periods 2000 (n = 34,832) and 2002 (n = 29,995) were included in the study. In 2000 and 2002, the specimens were CP and TP, respectively. The detection rate of > or = mild dysplasia was 0.8% in CP and 1.4% in TP, showing a 75% increase in TP when compared with CP (p < 0.001). Histological follow-up of > or = moderate dysplasia revealed a neoplastic lesion in 77.1% and 87.9% in CP and TP, respectively (P < 0.001).The present study indicates that the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cytology is improved with liquid-based cytology. In addition, we focus on the optimized cellular material that shows the diagnostic details very clearly to the microscopist and leads to radically improved screening conditions.