Contribution of β-phenethylamine, a component of chocolate and wine, to dopaminergic neurodegeneration： implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease

While the cause of dopaminergic neuronal cell death in Parkinson＇s disease（PD）is not yet understood,many endogenous molecules have been implicated in its pathogenesis.β-phenethylamine（β-PEA）,a component of various food items including chocolate and wine,is an endogenous molecule produced from phenylalanine in the brain.It has been reported recently that long-term administration ofβ-PEA in rodents causes neurochemical and behavioral alterations similar to that produced by parkinsonian neurotoxins.The toxicity ofβ-PEA has been linked to the production of hydroxyl radical（.OH）and the generation of oxidative stress in dopaminergic areas of the brain,and this may be mediated by inhibition of mitochondrial complex-I.Another significant observation is that administration ofβ-PEA to rodents reduces striatal dopamine content and induces movement disorders similar to those of parkinsonian rodents.However,no reports are available on the extent of dopaminergic neuronal cell death after administration ofβ-PEA.Based on the literature,we set out to establishβ-PEA as an endogenous molecule that potentially contributes to the progressive development of PD.The sequence of molecular events that could be responsible for dopaminergic neuronal cell death in PD by consumption ofβ-PEA-containing foods is proposed here.Thus,long-term over-consumption of food items containingβ-PEA could be a neurological risk factor having significant pathological consequences.     

双源CT诊断非金属可疑食管异物的队列研究

目的通过分析双源CT诊断非金属食管异物的敏感性和特异性,评价双源CT对非金属可疑食管异物的诊断意义。方法应用前瞻性队列研究,选取2015年1月1日～2016年12月31日符合纳入标准的患者153例双源CT和正侧位平片对照。结果93例双源CT阳性示食管异物,其中57例平片阳性;内镜检查证实并取出92例,内镜检查阴性1例。本组病例中双源CT敏感性100%（92/92）,特异性98.4%（60/61）,阴性预测值100%（60/60）。结论双源CT检查非金属食管异物敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值高,能明确异物类型及异物位置。双源CT可作为非金属食管异物的常规检查,及时诊断,避免不必要的食管内镜检查。     

Anesthesia for removal of inhaled foreign bodies in children

BACKGROUND: Foreign body aspiration may be a life-threatening emergency in children requiring immediate bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Both controlled and spontaneous ventilation techniques have been used during anesthesia for bronchoscopic foreign body removal. There is no prospective study in the literature comparing these two techniques. This prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare spontaneous and controlled ventilation during anesthesia for removal of inhaled foreign bodies in children. METHODS: Thirty-six children posted for rigid bronchoscopy for removal of airway foreign bodies over a period of 2 years and 2 months in our institution were studied. After induction with sleep dose of thiopentone or halothane, they were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. In group I, 17 children were ventilated after obtaining paralysis with suxamethonium. In group II, 19 children were breathing halothane spontaneously in 100% oxygen. RESULTS: All the patients in the spontaneous ventilation group had to be converted to assisted ventilation because of either desaturation or inadequate depth of anesthesia. There was a significantly higher incidence of coughing and bucking in the spontaneous ventilation group compared with the controlled ventilation group (P = 0.0012). CONCLUSION: Use of controlled ventilation with muscle relaxants and inhalation anesthesia provides an even and adequate depth of anesthesia for rigid bronchoscopy.     

下腰椎形态与椎管退行性狭窄的关系及其临床意义

目的:探讨腰椎形态与退行性椎管狭窄的关系。方法:测量男、女各100例体检人员L3/4以下椎间小关节角,椎体冠状径、矢状径,椎管中央和侧隐窝的前后径,了解椎体参数、椎间小关节角与椎管狭窄的相关关系,并进行统计学分析。结果:相关和偏相关分析显示椎间小关节角与椎管前后径为负相关关系,且与中央矢状径负相关程度更大;椎体矢状径、冠状径和椎管前后径均为正相关关系。偏相关分析显示椎体冠状径和侧隐窝正相关系数最大。P值均小于0.05。结论:腰椎小关节角增大会改变应力分布,加重不稳定倾向,加速腰椎退变;椎体矢状径、冠状径的增大有助于减轻退行性椎管狭窄。提示临床手术中应注意腰椎前、后路的重建、固定,特别是椎间小关节角已增大时。     

螺旋CT多平面重建在小儿气道异物的临床应用

目的 回顾性分析螺旋CT多平面重建（MPR）对气道异物的临床应用价值。资料与方法 34例经纤维支气管镜证实的气道异物患儿行螺旋CT容积扫描,然后对CT薄层图像进行多平面重建,并分析其影像表现。结果 34例MPR均直接显示异物呈高密度影位于气管或支气管腔内,其中气管异物3例,右侧支气管异物15例（11例位于右主支气管,4例位于右中间段支气管）,左侧支气管异物16例（11例位于左主支气管,5例位于左下叶支气管）。结论 MPR对气道异物的显示率高,定位准,具有重要诊断价值。     

中国竞技健美运动员身体成分调查分析

目的:研究我国竞技健美运动员身体成分的特点,为我国竞技健美运动的发展及增强国民体质提供研究和实践参考。方法:采用生物电阻抗法,对参加2004年全国健美锦标赛和全国健身先生、健身小姐大赛的168名运动员进行体成分测试,并按照性别、项目以及参赛级别的不同进行统计分析。结果:(1)与成年男子健美组小级别运动员相比,中级别运动员体脂百分比无明显增加(P>0.05),但是瘦体重和体液总量明显增加(P<0.01);与前两者相比,大级别运动员体脂百分比、瘦体重以及体液总量均明显增加(P<0.01)。(2)健身先生组运动员与成年男子健美组中级别运动员相比,体脂百分比无明显变化(P>0.05),但瘦体重和体液总量明显减小(P<0.01)。(3)与成年女子健美组小级别运动员相比,大级别运动员和健身小姐组运动员体脂百分比增加不多(P>0.05),但瘦体重和体液总量明显增加(P<0.05)。     

18F-FDG PET/CT findings of a right subphrenic foreign-body granuioma

We report a case of an 85-year-old woman with a foreign-body granuloma which accumulated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Unenhanced computed tomography showed a hyperdense mass with a hypodense rim in the right subphrenic space. FDG PET/CT images showed intense FDG uptake in the hypodense rim and little FDG uptake in the center of the mass, showing a ring-shaped appearance. The fusion imaging of FDG PET/CT represented the metabolic features of the foreign-body granuloma. When a ring-shaped FDG uptake is noted in the abdomen of a patient with a history of abdominal surgery, a foreign-body granuloma should be included in the differential diagnosis.     

NSCLC患者血清肿瘤标志物水平与肿瘤骨转移之间关系的研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌患者治疗前血清肿瘤标志物水平与肿瘤骨转移之间的相关性。材料和方法:受检患者58名治疗前均行血清Cy21-1、SCC、NSE、CEA和CA15-3测定和SPECT全身骨显像。结果:血清Cy21-1和CA15-3水平与全身骨显像结果相关。(P<0.05),血清SCC,NSE及CEA水平则无相关(P>0.05)。结论:血清中Cy21-1和CA15-3升高水平与肿瘤骨转移之间存在正相关关系,尤以Cy21-1为著。     

Correlation between image noise and body weight in coronary CTA with 16-row MDCT

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between image noise and body weight (BW) or body mass index (BMI) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) as a potential parameter for reducing radiation dose in coronary CTA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients who underwent electrocardiogram-gated cardiac CT were analyzed in this study. The patients included 26 men and 10 women with a mean age of 60 years (range 43-79 years). All patients were imaged on a 16-row multidetector CT scanner. Mean value of BW and BMI was 83.5 kg and 28.1, respectively. Image noise was defined as standard deviation (SD) of the attenuation values measured by using 1 cm2 circular region of interest in the ascending aorta at the level of the right main pulmonary artery. The SD values were plotted against BW and BMI. The correlations were examined using a linear regression method. A P value of less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The r value of linear regression between noise and BW was 0.90 (P < .001). The r value of linear regression between noise and BMI was 0.74 (P = .015). CONCLUSIONS: Excellent correlation was observed between noise and BW in coronary CTA. These data may be used as potential parameters for customized radiation dose modification to reduce radiation dose in coronary CT examinations.     

A型肉毒毒素对大鼠胃动力作用的研究

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTA)对大鼠胃动力的作用及其机制。方法选用雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组,对照组,BTA10U(小剂量)组、20U(中剂量)组、40U(大剂量)组。给药方法均为剖腹胃窦部肌层注射,观察12周,记录进食量及体重变化。12周末,测定胃半排空时间以评价BTA对胃动力的影响,再用免疫组化法测定胃窦部乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)的表达。结果①中、大剂量组大鼠进食量及体重较对照组明显减低(P<0.05);小剂量组进食量及体重在短时间内与对照组比较差别显著(P<0.05)。②12周末,小剂量组胃半排时间110.5±26.67min长于对照组86.83±22.98min,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中剂量组(161.67±23.53min)和大剂量组(200.33±44.37min)与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。③AChE在胃窦部肌间神经丛表达的IOD值分别为:中剂量组(72.44±18.43)、大剂量组(68.38±10.60),显著低于对照组(98.05±16.53),差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BTA通过抑制胆碱能神经末梢Ach的释放,引起胃动力降低,胃排空减慢,致大鼠进食减少,体重减轻。