绞股蓝对实验鼠免疫功能的影响

绞股蓝降低大鼠肺巨噬细胞吞噬率,由91.05±3.04％降低到82.81±7.26％,降低小鼠脾抗体形成细胞数,由3.75± 4.97降低到1.37±1.47,降低小鼠外周血抗绵羊红细胞抗体滴度,由1:50降低至1:8。本文分析了该药引起免疫抑制的可能原因。     

Differential effects of cyclosporin A and tacrolimus on the production of TGF-β: implications for the development of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation

Abstract The development of obliterative bronchiolitis is a common cause for failure of lung allografts. Fibrinogenesis can occur for a number of different reasons but some groups have suggested that cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506) have different effects on the cytokines which induce fibrinogenesis. We investigated the effect of tacrolimus and CsA in tissue culture and found that there was indeed a negative effect on human lung small airway epithelial cell proliferation by recombinant transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which was reversed by anti-TGF-β. The same effect was seen with CsA at immunosuppressive concentrations, which was also reversed by anti-TGF-β, whereas no such inhibition was seen with tacrolimus at immunosuppressive doses unless high concentrations were used. Free TGF-β was confirmed as being elevated in the supernatant of cell culture wells with standard dose CsA as opposed to low dose CsA or tacrolimus using an ELISA assay.     

Aseptic avascular necrosis of the femoral condyles in renal transplant patients: clinical and radiological aspects on 69 knees

The purpose of this study was to analyze clinical and radiological aspects of aseptic avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral condyles in renal transplant patients. Forty-five renal transplant patients were followed between 1971 and 1993, and 69 knees have been studied. The immunosuppressive protocol comprised in all cases corticosteroïds, with aziathioprine and since 1983 cyclosporin in 80% of patients. Episodes of rejection were treated with bolus doses of methylprednisolone. In 53.3% of patients, both knees were involved. The necrosis was bicondylar in 60.8% of knees. In the case of an unicondylar lesion, the lateral condyle was involved in 24.7% of knees vs 14.5% for the medial condyle. Symptoms occurred on average 4.9 years after transplantation (range 3 months–10.5 years). This period appeared significantly shorter for patients who had suffered an episode of rejection. In only 24.4% of patients was the knee involvement isolated. Pain was the initial symptom for 83% of patients. Other symptoms included locked knee (20.7%), effusion (49.2%), instability (14.5%), and loss of motion (15.9%). The diagnosis was established by standard radiographs, and in 8 patients by magnetic resonance imaging. Aseptic AVN of the femoral condyles in renal transplant patients is not rare even if it is less frequent than femoral head necrosis. Medication with corticosteroïds is the main risk factor.     

T cells in psoriatic lesional skin that survive conventional therapy with NB-UVB radiation display reduced IFN-γ expression

The type 1 T cell-derived cytokine interferon (IFN-) is overexpressed in psoriatic lesional skin. Recently, we have shown that a single high erythemal dose of broad-band ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation reduces type 1 and favors type 2, i.e. interleukin-4 (IL-4), cytokine expression in normal and psoriatic skin. In this study, we wanted to see whether conventional narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) therapy (i.e. repeated exposure to nonerythemal doses) also affects type 1/type 2 cytokine expression of T cells present in chronic plaque type psoriatic lesions. Staining of cryostat sections showed decreased expression of both IFN- and IL-4 in situ after NB-UVB therapy. CD4⁺ dermal T cell lines, derived from psoriatic lesional skin, displayed significantly decreased intracellular IFN- expression during and after NB-UVB therapy as compared to pretreatment values. Intracellular IL-4 expression was increased in most patients after therapy. Analysis of the supernatants of these stimulated dermal T cells revealed that IFN- production decreased significantly following NB-UVB therapy, whereas IL-4 expression increased in the T cell supernatants from most patients, confirming the intracellular determinations. In addition, IL-10 and transforming growth factor- levels in the supernatants appeared to be increased in the majority of patients following UVB therapy. Apart from the well-known killing effect of UVB on T cells, our results show that the improvement in psoriatic skin following NB-UVB therapy is also due to a reduced capacity of the surviving dermal T cells to express the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-.     

Sunscreens and vitamin E provide some protection to the skin immune system from solar-simulated UV radiation

Previous studies have indicated that sunscreens designed to protect from erythema do not adequately prevent immunosuppression. Mice were irradiated with suberythemal doses of solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (ssUVR) to assess the immunoprotective ability of sunscreens. Whereas C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice had similar sensitivities to ssUVR-induced inflammation, C3H/HeJ mice were more sensitive to ssUVR-induced immunosuppression. Octyl dimethyl- p -aminobenzoic acid did not protect from immunosuppression and, thus, had an immune protection factor (IPF) of 1. 2-Ethylhexyl- p -methoxycinnamate and microfine titanium dioxide provided limited protection, both having IPF values of 1.127. Immune protection by the sunscreens appeared to be dependent upon absorption of UVA as well as UVB, and was much less than predicted from the sun protection factor. Vitamin E, and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, also protected the immune system, with an IPF of 1.2, indicating that oxidation of lipids is involved in UVR-induced immunosuppression, and that it should be possible to develop sunscreens which protect the immune system.     

针刺在术后的创伤免疫抑制效应的研究和临床应用的效果观察

阐述创伤后免疫抑制效应的相关基础研究以及针刺在胸外科术后恢复阶段的应用。方法选取2010年至2012年辽宁中医药大学心胸外科确诊并手术的胸外科手术患者为研究对象,随机分为实验组和对照组。结果实验组总有效率为80.0％,对照组为50.0％二者比较差异有显著意义（χ2=7.912,P<0.05）结论针刺在术后的恢复阶段效果显著,具有明显的临床价值。     

Distinct immunosuppressive effect by Isodon serra extracts

Distinct effect of ent-Kaurene Diterpenoids from Isodon serra on abnormal proliferation of murine lymphocytes was examined with MTT assay and Flow Cytometry Analyses (FCAS). After choosing the most appropriate monomer from these Diterpenoids, we introduced mouse tumescence model to investigate whether it could impact cytokine production in vivo with ELISA assay. The result of MTT assay showed that four ent-Kaurene Diterpenoids could effectively suppress the murine splenic T lymphocytes overproduction stimulated by Concanavalin A, while inhibitive effect was softer on normal sleep lymphocytes than the stimulated ones. Among four ent-Kaurene Diterpenoids, Enmein was the most sensitive one with IC50/EC50 equaling to 1.55. This inhibitive activity was due to interfering DNA replication in G1-S stage and to regulating cell cycle according to flow cytometry analyses (FCAS) result. Xylene-induced mouse tumescence model result further suggested that Enmein depressed the murine ear swelling extent and the level of Interleukin-2 in blood serum in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, it demonstrated that four ent-Kaurene Diterpenoids from I. serra had distinct immunosuppressive effect in vitro and in vivo systems, which primarily differentiated Enmein from the others. The experimental results provided insight into a potential immunosuppressive action of Enmein as a promising drug, though profound mechanism remained to be further studied.     

Role of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in local immunosuppression in HPV-associated cervical neoplasia

Cervical cancer is a worldwide disease that constitutes a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries, not only due to its high incidence but also because the most affected population comprises women who belong to marginalized socio-economic classes. Clinical and molecular research has identified immunological impairment in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has several mechanisms for avoiding the immune system: it down-regulates the expression of interferon and upregulates interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment, which, along with altered tumor surface antigens, forms an immunosuppressive network that inhibits the antitumor immune response. In this review we analyzed the available data on several deregulated cellular immune functions in patients with NIC I, NIC II and NIC III and cervical cancer. The effects of immunosuppressive cytokines on innate immune response, T-cell activation and cellular factors that promote tumor cell proliferation in cervical cancer patients are summarized. We discuss the functional consequences of HPV E2, E6, and E7 protein interactions with IL-10 and TGF-β1 promoters in the induction of these cytokines and postulate its effect on the cellular immune response in squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions and cervical cancer patients. This review provides a comprehensive picture of the immunological functions of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in response to HPV in humans.     

Sudden progression of a glioblastoma in partial remission?

There are only sparse data on viral CNS infections in patients with malignant glioma. We report a case of fatal herpes encephalitis in a patient with glioblastoma in partial remission and provide a short review of the literature.     

Combined immunodeficiencies

ObjectivesInborn Errors of Immunity (IEI), also known as primary immunodeficiencies, correspond to a heterogeneous group of congenital diseases that primarily affect immune response components. The main clinical manifestations comprise increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, allergies and malignancies. The aim of this article is to review the literature on combined immunodeficiencies (CIDs) focusing on the diagnosis and treatment and the particularities of the clinical management of these patients.Source of dataCritical integrative review, aimed to present articles related to primary immunodeficiencies combined with a searchin the PubMed and SciELO databases, with evaluation of publications from the last twenty years that were essential for the construction of knowledge on this group of diseases.Summary of dataWe highlight the main characteristics of CIDs, dividing them according to their pathophysiological mechanisms, such as defects in the development of T cells, TCR signaling, co-stimulatory pathways, cytokine signaling, adhesion, migration and organization of the cytoskeleton, apoptosis pathways, DNA replication and repair and metabolic pathways. In CIDs, clinical manifestations vary widely, from sinopulmonary bacterial infections and diarrhea to opportunistic infections, caused by mycobacteria and fungi. Neonatal screening makes it possible to suspect these diseases before clinical manifestations appear.ConclusionsThe CIDs or IEI constitute a complex group of genetic diseases with T-cell involvement. Neonatal screening for these diseases has improved the prognosis of these patients, especially in severe ones, known as SCIDs.