Cardiac cell therapy: Current status,challenges and perspectives

Cardiac cell therapy, illustrating cell type, mode of delivery and mechanism of action. CSC: cardiac stem cells; IV: intravenous; MI: myocardial infarction; MNC: mononuclear cells; MOA: mechanism of action; MSC: mesenchymal stromal cells; PSC: pluripotent stem cells.

     

检测感染旋毛虫猪血清中循环抗原以诊断和监测本病的研究和应用

用目测快速双抗体夹心—ELISA法检测61头感染旋毛虫猪血清中CAg,40头(65.6±6.1％)呈阳性反应。100头正常猪均为阴性,30头感染囊虫和30头感染弓形体的猪,仅有1头感染弓形虫的猪出现轻度交叉反应,该猪未能追踪检查是否合并旋毛虫感染。对北京海淀区224头(1987年自外地引进),陕西商县50头和河南省新野县258头被屠杀的猪,进行流行病学调查,35头(6.6％)CAg显示阳性,其中71.4％(25/35)同时伴有抗体阳性。本法以TMBS为底物,不仅对人体无毒,而且不需新鲜配制,配好的底物溶液可以长期保存备用。本实验操作简便,完成全过程仅需20分钟,以目测观察结果,特别适于基层开展应用。实验中所需特异性抗体及酶的结合物,均系我室自制,价格低廉,相当稳定,在低温下保存2年,其效价不变,对人和动物均适用。     

加味左金丸对大鼠胃癌前病变增殖细胞核抗原及B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2蛋白表达的影响

[目的] 观察加味左金丸对大鼠萎缩性胃炎(CAG)癌前病变增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)及B淋巴细胞瘤/白血病-2(Bcl- 2)蛋白表达的影响,并探讨其治疗CAG癌前病变的可能机制。[方法] 采用SP法检测大鼠胃癌前病变自然恢复组,加味左金丸高、中、低剂量组,维甲酸组和正常组大鼠胃黏膜组织中PCNA、Bcl -2 蛋白表达的情况,并计算细胞增殖指数(PI)。[结果] 各治疗组PI及Bcl- 2 蛋白阳性率与自然恢复组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0 .01或<0 .05);其中加味左金丸各治疗组PI值与维甲酸组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0 .05)。[结论] 加味左金丸可能通过对抗PCNA、Bcl 2的激活而抑制PCNA、Bcl -2蛋白的表达发挥治疗作用。     

脑囊虫病人血清中循环抗原特性的分析

本研究用免疫印渍法，以三种抗血清为探针，对脑囊虫病人血清中的循环抗原、囊虫头节和体壁抗原及囊液抗原进行了比较观察。结果表明循环抗原与两种囊虫抗原相同的组分有４个ＫＤ数为７５、４３、４０、２３的多肽；仅与虫头及囊壁相同的抗原为６５ＫＤ多肽；仅与囊液相同的多肽为８５、１９ＫＤ二组分。这显示循环抗原主要来源于虫囊的全部结构；循环抗原可诱发三种特异性免疫球蛋白的产生，依次为ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ及ＩｇＭ。可诱发ＩｇＧ的循环抗原多肽是８５、５３、４３、４０、３１、１９、１８．５及１７．５ＫＤ多肽；可诱发ＩｇＡ抗体的抗原多肽ＫＤ数为６５、４９、４３、４０及３５的组分；而ＩｇＭ特异性抗体产生于ＫＤ数为７５、４３、４０及３１的多肽。三种抗体血清用于检测血清中的循环抗原都显示出良好的应用价值。免疫兔血清的敏感性与特异性均不亚于单克隆抗体的识别结果。４３及４０ＫＤ多肽是循环抗原中的主要组分，是诊断的重要指标。     

HLA class 1 associations in Henoch Schonlein purpura: increased and decreased frequencies

Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis of childhood. Susceptibility to HSP and associated clinical heterogeneity in HSP may be conferred by a number of genetic loci, including the major histocompatibility complex. We aimed to investigate the implications of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class 1 alleles in susceptibility to HSP and determine the possible associations with renal, gastrointestinal (GI), and joint manifestations of the disease. 110 children with HSP (66 boys, 44 girls) and 250 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 8.65 ± 3.59 years. HSP was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory data according to the American College of Rheumatology classification. The diagnosis was supported with skin and/or kidney in most of the patients. Clinical and laboratory findings revealed: skin involvement in 110 (100%), joint manifestations in 82 (74.5%), GI symptoms in 58 (52.7%), and hematuria and/or proteinuria in 36 (32.7%) patients. HLA class 1 alleles were identified by DNA amplification, hybridized with specific primer sequences. Comparison of frequencies between patients and controls were made by using the Fisher’s exact test. Odds ratio (OR) was used as the measure of association. HLA A2, A11, and B35 antigens showed an increased risk for predisposition to HSP (OR = 1.714, 95%CI = 1.088–2.700, p = 0.020; OR = 2.185, 95%CI = 1.289–3.703, p = 0.003; and OR = 2.292, 95%CI = 1.451–3.619, p = 0.000, respectively), while HLA A1, B49, and B50 antigens revealed decreased risk for predisposition to HSP (OR = 4.739, 95%CI = 1.828–12.345, p = 0.001; OR = 3.268, 95%CI = 0.955–11.236, p = 0.047; and OR = 7.462, 95%CI = 0.975–55.555, p = 0.024, respectively). Considering the renal involvement and severity of proteinuria, there was no association with HLA class 1 alleles. Our results suggest that the increased frequency of HLA A2, A11, and B35 alleles in unselected pediatric HSP patient population and miscarrying of HLA A1, B49, and B50 could be considered as a risk factor for susceptibility to HSP.     

Gammadelta T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia with spontaneous remission

T-cell large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia is a clonal disorder with an indolent clinical course. In July 1995, a 46-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because his anemia had progressed. He had a white blood cell count of 3.9 x 10(9)/L with 75% lymphocytes, which were intermediate to large and had almost round nuclei and azurophilic granules, and anemia with a red blood cell count (RBC) of 2.69 x 10(12)/L, hemoglobin (Hb) of 9.5 g/dL, and hematocrit (Hct) of 28.3%. Electron microscopic examination showed that most of the lymphocytes had a parallel tubular array and dense core granules in their cytoplasm. Flow cytometry and Southern blotting of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes using the peripheral blood species showed monoclonal proliferation of LGLs with a CD3+, TCRgammadelta+, CD4-, CD8-, CD16+, CD56-, CD57-, HLA-DR+ phenotype, and a TCR gamma gene rearrangement, respectively, suggesting that the patient was diagnosed as having gammadelta T-cell LGL leukemia. He had no symptoms, organomegaly, or skin lesions. About 1.5 years after diagnosis, the anemia gradually improved with disappearance and appearance of a rearranged band in the TCR-gamma gene and TCR-beta gene, respectively. About 7 years after diagnosis, the anemia improved completely with a RBC of 5.01 x 10(12)/L, Hb of 14.8 g/dL, and Hct of 44.3%, and he was in complete remission without TCR-beta and -gamma gene rearrangements. He had received no therapy. This is the first report of spontaneous remission of gammadelta T-cell LGL leukemia.     

血管内皮生长因子与结肠及直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系

目的 :研究结肠及直肠癌活体组织中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)、p53蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)表达与淋巴结转移的关系。方法 :应用病理学诊断的方法检查淋巴结有无癌细胞转移。直肠癌组织标本做VEGF、p53蛋白和PCNA免疫组织化学染色。结果 :VEGF阳性表达的结肠及直肠癌患者淋巴结转移率为 65 .91 % (2 9/ 4 4 ) ,VEGF阴性的患者淋巴结转移率为 1 9.2 8% (1 6/ 83) ,差异有极显著意义 (χ2 =1 2 .0 777,P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;而p53及PCNA阳性表达的患者淋巴结转移和阴性表达患者的淋巴结转移之间差异无显著意义。结论 :结肠及直肠癌组织中VEGF的表达可为患者的淋巴结转移情况的判断及预后提供重要的参考依据     

棘球蚴特异性抗原的蛋白质印迹分析

目的　寻找细粒棘球蚴 (Eg)和多房棘球蚴 (Em)特异性抗原组分用于免疫诊断。　方法　对Eg、Em的囊液、原头节、囊壁角质层、囊壁生发层及犬泡状带绦虫、犬豆状带绦虫、羊细颈囊尾蚴、猪囊尾蚴等 4种异源性绦虫 ,共14种粗抗原进行免疫学分析。采用蛋白质印迹试验 (Western blotting)、Genesnap和Genetool分析软件比较分析不同抗原蛋白条带分别与囊型棘球蚴病 (CE)及泡型棘球蚴病 (AE)患者血清反应的差异。　结果　 14种粗抗原中与CE、AE患者血清发生交叉反应的 11条蛋白条带相对分子质量 (Mr)为 130000、100000、94000、80000、75000、66000、62000、52000、38000、32000及 24000 ;与CE患者血清有特异性反应的 5条蛋白条带Mr为 41000、40000、22000、160 00和12000 ;与AE患者血清具有特异性反应的 8条蛋白条带Mr为 120000、109000、86000、59000、43000、28000、20000及 18000。　结论　确定了Eg和Em共有的交叉反应性抗原和具有进一步研究价值的特异性抗原组分 ,为进一步分离和鉴定具有诊断价值的特异性抗原提供了基础资料     

脑尔康对Alzheimer病小鼠脑细胞凋亡相关基因表达的影响

目的　观察复方中药脑尔康对 Alzheimer病 (AD)模型小鼠 ,学习记忆障碍的改善作用及对凋亡相关基因的调控作用。方法　用跳台法测试各组小鼠学习记忆功能 ,用 SP免疫组化法检测 Fas、Bcl- 2阳性细胞计数。结果　模型组与空白对照组比较 ,触电时间延长 ,潜伏期缩短 ,错误次数增多 ;Fas、Bcl- 2表达升高 (均 P<0 .0 1 )。各用药组与模型组比较触电时间缩短 ,潜伏期延长 (均 P<0 .0 5) ,Fas、Bcl- 2表达下调 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 )。各参数中药中、小剂量组优于西药组。结论　脑尔康能改善 AD小鼠学习记忆障碍具有促智作用 ,可通过调控凋亡相关基因表达 ,抗脑细胞凋亡 ,减少神经元丢失 ,而发挥抗痴呆作用     

B cell receptor-mediated uptake of CD1d-restricted antigen augments antibody responses by recruiting invariant NKT cell help in vivo

Highly regulated activation of B cells is required for the production of specific antibodies necessary to provide protection from pathogen infection. This process is initiated by specific recognition of antigen through the B cell receptor (BCR), leading to early intracellular signaling followed by the late recruitment of T cell help. In this study we demonstrate that specific BCR uptake of CD1d-restricted antigens represents an effective means of enhancing invariant natural killer T (iNKT)-dependent B cell responses in vivo. This mechanism is effective over a wide range of antigen affinities but depends on exceeding a tightly regulated avidity threshold necessary for BCR-mediated internalization and CD1d-dependent presentation of particulate antigenic lipid. Subsequently, iNKT cells provide the help required for stimulating B cell proliferation and differentiation. iNKT-stimulated B cells develop within extrafollicular foci and mediate the production of high titers of specific IgM and early class-switched antibodies. Thus, we have demonstrated that in response to particulate antigenic lipids iNKT cells are recruited for the assistance of B cell activation, resulting in the enhancement of specific antibody responses. We propose that such a mechanism may operate to potentiate adaptive immune responses against pathogens in vivo.