方格星虫提取物对雄性小鼠免疫及生殖器官的辐射防护作用

目的 观察方格星虫提取物对y射线损伤雄性小鼠免疫器官及生殖器官的保护作用.方法 将50只雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及低[0.5g/(kg·d)]、中[1.0g/(kg·d)]、高[2.0g/(kg·d)]3个剂量方格星虫提取物组,每天灌胃给药1次,给药剂量为2.0 mL/kg,灌胃2周后,除正常对照组外,各组均以剂量率为0.83 Gy/h的60Co γ射线进行1次全身照射,照射剂量为5 Gy.于辐照前1 d,辐照后第3天、第14天测定小鼠体重、外周血白细胞数,辐照后第14天测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数、骨髓有核细胞计数、睾丸重量指数、精子总数及精子畸形率.结果 方格星虫提取物可使辐照后第3天3个剂量组小鼠外周血白细胞数明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),辐照后第14天3个剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数及脾指数明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),低、中剂量组小鼠的骨髓有核细胞数显著高于模型组(P＜0.05),高剂量组小鼠骨髓有核细胞数显著高于模型组(P＜0.01),中、高剂量组睾丸重量指数、精子总数明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),中、高剂量组的精子畸形率显著低于模型组(P＜0.01).结论 方格星虫提取物对辐射损伤小鼠的免疫器官及生殖器官具有一定的保护作用.     

Hospital outbreak caused by a carbapenem-resistant strain of Acinetobacter baumannii: patient prognosis and risk-factors for colonisation and infection

Between October 2001 and August 2002, 30 hospital patients became infected or colonised by a multiresistant (including to carbapenems) epidemic strain of Acinetobacter baumannii (AbMR) in a hospital outbreak. This study analysed the risk-factors associated with acquisition of this epidemic strain and investigated the prognosis of patients infected by AbMR, with the aim of elucidating factors which lead to mortality. A case-control study of the acquisition of AbMR in patients infected or colonised in the hospital outbreak was performed. Independent risk-factors leading to death were studied by logistic regression analysis. Multivariate analysis of the risk-factors for colonisation/infection with AbMR revealed an independent association with the presence of an arterial catheter (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.25) and administration of imipenem as monotherapy (OR, 11.12; 95% CI, 2.33-53.09). Multivariate analysis of the prognostic features leading to mortality revealed a significant association with hypotension or shock (OR, 24.63; 95% CI, 1.56-387.56) at the time of bacterial isolation.     

人肝癌裸鼠移植模型阿霉素诱导法建立肝癌多药耐药细胞系

目的:建立人肝癌多药耐药细胞系研究其耐药特性及机制.方法:给予移植人肝癌细胞的裸小鼠腹腔注射阿霉素(ADM)长期诱导,获得多药耐药细胞系BEL-7402/ADM.相差显微镜和HE染色观察细胞,MTT法检测耐药细胞的多药耐药性,流式细胞术检测耐药细胞表面多药耐药基因(mdr)的表达产物P糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白(MRP)及谷胱甘肽硫转移系统(GSH/GST)的表达.结果:BEL-7402/ADM对多种抗癌药物产生耐药,对阿霉素的耐药性提高了20.33倍.BEL-7402/ADM细胞表面P-gp和MRP表达阳性,与对照细胞BEL-7402表达比较,差异十分显著(P<0.01).GSH/GST表达无明显变化.结论:BEL-7402/ADM具有明确的多药耐药性,该模型的建立对研究肝癌多药耐药的产生及逆转具有重要价值.     

Early assessment of renal resistance index after kidney transplant can help predict long-term renal function.

BACKGROUND: Color Doppler ultrasonography of intrarenal arterial resistance index (RI), performed early after kidney transplant, has proven to reliably predict short-term allograft function. The aim of this study was to assess whether it could also predict long-term renal function. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 76 kidney transplant patients who underwent RI assessment within 1 month after the transplant, subdivided into two groups according to RI values, lower (group A) or higher (group B) than its median value (0.635). RESULTS: Compared with group A subjects, the patients of group B were older at the time of transplant (42 +/- 9 vs 35 +/- 8 years; P = 0.001), the donor age was also older (41 +/- 16 vs 33 +/- 13 years; P = 0.02) and had a slightly higher proteinuria (0.54 +/- 0.5 vs 0.32 +/- 0.2 g/24 h; P = 0.02). Serum creatinine, ciclosporin or tacrolimus trough level, arterial blood pressure, number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, anti-hypertensive medications and incidence of delayed graft function were not significantly different between the two groups. By univariate analysis, RI turned out to directly correlate with the recipient age, donor age and daily proteinuria (P = 0.007, P = 0.0007 and P = 0.02, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that only donor and recipient age maintained their independent predictive value on RI. Kaplan-Meier analysis, considering a serum creatinine increase >50% as the endpoint of the study, showed a statistically significant different graft survival in the two groups (log-rank test = 5.489; P = 0.01). The univariate relative risk of deterioration of graft function among patients with higher RI was 3.77. Proteinuria and recipient age increased the risk as well. CONCLUSIONS: Our data seem to suggest that early determination of RI can help predict long-term graft function in kidney transplant recipients.     

32578例住院患者医院感染调查分析

目的　了解我院住院患者医院感染发病率。方法　对我院 2 0 0 2年 32 5 78例住院患者进行调查。结果　 5 48例发生医院感染 (1.6 8%) ,最高科室为 9.79%,以下呼吸道最常见 (37.79%)。检出病原菌 184株 ,以革兰阴性菌为主 (49.46 %) ,多为铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。前者对常用抗菌药物耐药率均 >5 0 %,对亚胺培南的耐药率为 81.82 %。结论　加强重点易感区域的监测、细菌的耐药性监测和培训教育 ,以更有效的预防和控制医院感染。     

亮菌多糖抗小鼠辐射损伤作用的研究

目的观察亮菌多糖（ATS）对辐射损伤的保护作用。方法将小鼠随机分为空白对照组（0．9％生理盐水）、辐射模型组、阳性对照组（参芪片）和ATS多糖不同剂量实验组（80、160和320mg／kg）。以γ射线照射小鼠全身，引起辐射损伤后观察各组小鼠30d存活率、白细胞（WBC）数、精子畸变率、骨髓微核（MN）细胞数、骨髓DNA含量和免疫器官重量及血清和肝组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量等。结果ATS能提高受照小鼠存活率（P〈0．05）及SOD活性（P〈0．05）、升高WBC数（P〈0．05）和骨髓DNA含量（P〈0．05），抑制小鼠精子畸变率（P〈0．05）和骨髓MN细胞数的增加（P〈0．05），并使受照小鼠胸腺、脾脏重量回升（P〈0．05），还能增加内源性脾结节数（P〈0．05），降低MDA含量。结论ATS对γ射线所致小鼠辐射损伤有较好的保护作用。     

耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5的表达

目的 研究细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶5(cyclin dependent kinases 5,CDK5)在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,探索其在耐药性癫(癎)发病机制中的作用.方法 收集耐药性癫(癎)患者术后脑组织,用荧光定量PCR、免疫组化和Western blot 3种检测方法从基因和蛋白水平分别测定CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中的表达,并与对照组进行比较.结果 荧光定量PCR发现CDK5 mRAN比对照组明显增加,免疫组化检测显示这种基因的蛋白表达产物主要分布在神经元轴突和胶质细胞中,Western blot检测在相对分子质量35 000处有一蛋白条带,并且可见实验组(颞叶和海马中分别为1.4293±0.1839和2.0733±0.4738)高于对照组(颞叶和海马中分别为0.9680±0.4147和1.403±0.6163,P＜0.05).结论 CDK5在耐药性癫(癎)患者颞叶中表达增强,提示他们可能参与了耐药性癫(癎)的形成.     

葡萄球菌属的分离及耐药性研究

目的　对 1 974株临床分离的葡萄球菌的耐药性进行研究 ,以观察葡萄球菌属的耐药现状。方法　药敏试验采用纸片扩散法 (K -B法 )。结果　临床分离到的葡萄球菌中 ,MRSA的分离率为 2 0 .8% (66/ 31 7) ,MRCNS的分离率为 66 .9% (1 1 0 9/ 1 657) ,MRSA主要来源于生殖道分泌物、痰、伤口分泌物 ,分别占 2 7.3 % ,2 2 .7% ,1 8.2 % ;血液标本中MRSA和MRCNS分别占总分离数的 0 .2 5 %和 4 .9% ,而MRSA只占 0 .2 5 %。MRSA和MRCNS对红霉素、庆大霉素、氯霉素、克林霉素、环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑、四环素的耐药率分别为 86 .2 %、47.6 %、50 .8%、61 .3 %、54 .5 %、83 .3 %、66 .1 %和 84.9%、37.5 %、45 .9%、53 .7%、58.2 %、84.9%、67.6 % ;MSCNS中环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、氯霉素的耐药率分别为 33 .0 %、64 .1 %、58.5 %、2 7.8%均高于MSSA的 1 4 .6 %、42 .8%、41 .5 %、1 7.7% ,但对于MSS环丙沙星、庆大霉素、氯霉素、克林霉素有较高的敏感性。结论　重视对葡萄球菌的耐药性监测 ,合理使用抗生素、特别是合理使用糖肽类抗生素是非常必要的。