M蛋白的鉴定及实验分析

M蛋白（骨髓瘤蛋白）细胞大量增殖产生的具有相同氨基酸顺序和蛋白质结构的免疫球蛋白（Ig）分子或其片段，临床上常见于多发性骨髓瘤（MM）、原发性巨球蛋白血症、重链病、原发性淀粉样变性、意义未明的单克隆丙种球蛋白血症等淋巴细胞或浆细胞克隆增殖性疾病。M蛋白是单克隆免疫球蛋白的缩写，也称副蛋白、骨髓瘤蛋白、M成分。对此病只有采取较好实验室方法与正确实验分析相结合，才能为临床提供可靠依据。     

童年后扁桃体切除对人体免疫功能远期影响的研究

目的探讨童年后扁桃体切除对人体免疫功能的远期影响。方法采用配对对照法,对30例扁桃体切除术后5年以上(平均20.5年)、切除时年龄10岁以上(平均21.5岁)的病例和30例未行扁桃体切除的配对对照者进行术后病史问卷调查和相关免疫学指标检测。结果与对照组比较,观察组病例术后上感发生频率、免疫相关性疾病罹患率的组间差异无统计学意义,但上呼吸道慢性炎症罹患率为40%,显著高于对照组(6.7%,P<0.05);血清IgA水平和中性粒细胞比例虽然显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但观察组病例的绝对数值仍在正常范围内;其余各项相关指标组间差异均无统计学意义。结论童年后扁桃体切除可能会增加上呼吸道慢性炎性疾病(特别是慢性咽炎)的罹患率,甚至可能引起个别免疫学指标改变,但对人体一般健康状况和整体免疫功能无明显远期影响。     

人非小细胞肺癌F1ATPase-α的表达及临床意义

目的:研究人类非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中ATP合酶F1ATPase-α的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:(1)以EnVision免疫组织化学方法检测38例NSCLC配对标本、7例肺良性肿瘤与肺炎性病变标本的F1ATPase-α表达情况.(2)应用RT-PCR方法检测12例NSCLC组织、癌旁肺组织中F1ATPase-α的mRNA表达.(3)用免疫荧光法检测F1ATPase-α在正常支气管上皮细胞与A549细胞胞膜中的表达. 结果:(1) F1ATPase-α在肺癌组织呈中高度表达者36例(36/38),低度表达2例;癌旁正常配对组织成呈中高度表达11例(11/38),低度表达27例;7例肺良性病变组织全部低度表达.肺腺癌F1ATPase-α的高表达显著高于肺鳞癌(11/16 vs 5/20,P＜0.05).F1ATPase-α高表达率在肿瘤不同部位、分化程度、大小、淋巴结转移及临床分期之间差异无统计学意义.(2) 12例肺癌组织中F1ATPase-α mRNA相对表达量为0.54±0.19,显著高于配对的癌旁肺组织(0.31±0.12,P＜0.01).(3) 肺癌A549细胞胞膜上有颗粒状分布的F1ATPase-α,正常支气管上皮细胞未检测到.结论:(1)F1ATPase-α在NSCLC中有相对较高的表达水平.(2)F1ATPase-α表达于非小细胞肺癌A549细胞株的细胞膜上,提示有作为靶向药物治疗分子靶点的潜力.     

儿童食物免疫耐受形成影响因素研究进展

食物免疫耐受是指机体对摄入的食物抗原不产生正免疫应答的现象，当食物免疫耐受未能正常建立或发生抑制时，人体就可能对食物成分产生过敏反应。随着儿童食物过敏率升高，早期食物过敏与后期诸多疾病之间的关联被发现，人们愈发重视儿童时期对食物抗原的免疫耐受形成。近年来相关研究不断有新的进展，发现食物免疫耐受的形成受多种因素综合影响，大体可分为抗原、机体、环境三个方面。该文就关于儿童食物免疫耐受形成的影响因素的最新研究进展作一综述，以期为减少食物过敏发生，改善食物过敏预后提供帮助。     

Steroid-responsive bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and immune complexes

Summary We have recognized in recent years that some cases with idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss which showed acute progression in either ear responded to steroid and that the improved hearing level could be maintained by longterm administeration of steroid only.Forty cases of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were selected for study. In most of these cases hearing deterioration of either ear was confirmed by audiometry.Eight of fifteen cases with marked improvement have been proved to respond to steroid treatment. These eight cases include three cases with syphilitic deafness and one case with aortitis syndrome. In four other cases the causes are still unknown, but could be due to autoimmune mechanisms. In four of 25 cases the immune complexes (IC) value was higher than normal and three among them responded to steroid.Since a high IC value has been reported in lupus nephritis, immunologic examinations are necessary for patients over 30 years of age with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.     

卡介菌多糖核酸(斯奇康)对乳腺癌患者细胞免疫功能的影响

 对术后常规治疗的45例乳腺癌患者加用免疫调节剂卡介菌多糖核酸（斯奇康）治疗（A组）,并与25例常规治疗者（B组）对照,以观察斯奇康对细胞免疫功能的影响。结果 显示：A组T淋巴细胞亚群CD4/CD8比值升高,B组CD4/CD8比值无明显改变。提示斯奇康能激活T淋巴细胞亚群,改善机体免疫功能,表明其可作为乳腺癌患者较好的辅助治疗手段。     

PA-MSHA菌苗辅助治疗肺癌临床研究

目的　评价Ⅱ类新生物制品绿脓杆菌菌毛株菌苗(PAMSHA菌苗)作为免疫调节剂的有效性和安全性。方法　采用非盲法随机对照试验。试验组纳入肺癌患者44例,对照组45例。两组采用同样的化疗方案,试验组加用PAMSHA菌苗。治疗结束后评价疗效和感染率,并在治疗前、中、后分别检测患者免疫功能。结果　在临床疗效评价中,试验组有效率(CR+PR)为59.09%,对照组为42.23%(P<0.01);试验组感染率为15.91%,对照组为40%(P<0.05)。试验组治疗后C3、C4、CD4/CD8比值、NK细胞活性和IL2水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组中3例患者出现不良反应,仅1例给予特殊处理,其余自行缓解。结论　作为一类新的免疫调节剂,PAMSHA菌苗能明显提高肺癌患者的免疫功能,与化疗药物合用可提高疗效,并有预防感染作用。临床应用安全有效     

Natural Killer Activity in a Medium-term Multi-organ Bioassay for Carcinogenesis

Natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated after the initiation and promotion steps in a medium-term multi-organ bioassay for carcinogenesis. NK cell activity was assessed in vitro by Cr⁵¹ release assay at the 4th and 30th weeks of the experiment. Male Wistar rats were sequentially initiated with N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN i.p.), N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN drinking water), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU i.p.), dihydroxy-di-N-propylnitrosamine (DHPN drinking water) and N, N'-dimethylhydrazine (DMH s.c.) at subcarcinogenic doses for 4 weeks (DMBDD initiation). One group was evaluated at the 4th week and the other was maintained without any further treatment until the 30th week. Two initiated groups were exposed through the diet to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) or phenobarbital (PB), from the 6th until the 30th week. Five additional groups were studied to evaluate the effects of each initiator on NK activity. All groups submitted to initiation only, initiation plus promotion, or promotion only, developed significantly more preneoplastic lesions than the untreated control group. The main target organs for tumor development in the initiated animals were the liver and the colon, irrespective of treatment with 2-AAF or PB. NK cell activity was not affected by exposure to genotoxic carcinogens after initiation, at the 4th week. Treatments only with PB or 2-AAF did not change NK cell activity. However, decreased NK cell activity was registered in the group only initiated with DMBDD and in the group given DMBDD+2-AAF. This late depression of NK cell activity at the 30th week could be related to the production of suppressing molecules by the tumor cells.     

Receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E) and erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC) on the lymphoblasts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Two cell-surface markers, rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E-rosette) as a T-cell marker and rosette formation with bovine erythrocyte-antibody-complement complex (EAC-rosette) as a B-cell marker were determined on peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphoblasts from normal and 89 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the majority of the patients (12/15 untreated patients and 6/11 patients in relapse), lymphoblasts exhibited neither E- nor EAC-rosette formation. Lymphoblasts from one untreated patient with mediastinal mass displayed E-(50%) and EAC-rosette formation (15%). In 3 of 11 patients in relapse, lymphoblasts displayed an increase in EAC-rosette formation with progressive disease. In the remaining patients with active disease, a small and variable proportion of lymphoblasts expressed E and/or EAC-rosette formation. In 63 patients in remission, percentages of E- and/or EAC-rosette were similar (p > 0.05) to those of control. The results indicate a wide heterogeneity with respect to expression of lymphocyte membrane markers in lymphoblasts and in normal lymphocytes in patients with active ALL.     

猴失神经手指神经植入后感觉终器的溃变与再生

目的：观察猴失神经手指感觉神经植入后感觉终器溃变与再生情况。方法：用猴手失神经模型,神经植入后在第１,３,５,８,１２ｍｏ分别取材进行电镜观察。结果：游离神经末梢其再生过程是;神经植入３ｏｍ真皮层出现新生的神经轴突,５ｍｏ时有髓和无髓纤维的数量明显增加,髓鞘增厚结构更加清晰８ｍｏ～１２ｍｏ再生轴突;成这正常水平,Ｍｅｒｋｅｌ细胞（１）感觉神经的植入能骺细胞溃变的发生。９２）感觉神经的植入ｅｒｋｅｌ