消炎痛对模拟宫腔液中铜腐蚀的影响

配合加药含铜宫内节育器的发展,主要应用可以测出铜的瞬时腐蚀速度的腐蚀电化学极化电阻技术,结合XRD和SEM方法,研究了消炎痛对模拟宫腔液中铜腐蚀的影响。结果表明,不控制介质pH情况下,消炎痛使铜的腐蚀速率略有上升;在调节溶液pH大体恒定的情况下,消炎痛基本上不影响铜的腐蚀速率。使用缓释消炎痛硅橡胶的试验结果与直接加消炎痛药粉的结果基本一致。铜丝的腐蚀速率略大于铜管。XRD和SEM检测表明,在模拟宫腔液中,无论加药与否,铜的表面上都只生成Cu_2O,不过,消炎痛使Cu_2O生成的量多且致密。     

绝经后妇女宫内节育器去留的安全性研究

我国带器进入绝经期的妇女日益增多,其中有相当一部份妇女在绝经后未能将宫内节育器(IUD)及时取出。绝经后IUD长期留在体内是否安全?以往小样本预调查结果提示:绝经后未取IUD者健康情况和宫腔细菌涂片与对照组无明显差异。本课题采用较大样本,对上海、青岛、济南等地843例绝经后未取IUD妇女和890例无IUD妇女进行健康状况、劳动力情况调查,同时进行妇科病普查和宫腔分泌物检查。结果:有IUD组的平均年龄、孕产次、职业、月经初潮年龄以及绝经前的全身情况与对照组(无IUD)对象状况均相似,有IUD组IUD在宫内平均存放20年以上,绝经后IUD留在宫内平均8年以上,未发现宫腔积脓、严重盆腔炎。宫腔分泌物细菌培养和直接涂片检查两组细菌检出率相似,各为18.9％与19.1％。绝经后未取IUD组子宫、宫颈、阴道萎缩均迟于对照组。有IUD组对象的健康状况与劳动力情况均与对照组相似。提示绝经后尚未取出IUD妇女,如无腹痛、出血等症状,IUD长期留在宫内对健康无明显不利的影响。本研究得出,绝经不满2年者,取器顺利比例达96.1％,超过2年以上者,取器困难达43.9％。建议绝经1年以内最好取出IUD。如绝经年限较长,无临床症状者,应定期随访,可以不取IUD。     

放置宫内节育器后发生的输卵管妊娠

对69例在放置宫内节育器后发生输卵管妊娠者进行了分析。结果表明:占全部收治的输卵管妊娠总数的31.94％; 在带器年限上以2年以内居多,占49.28％;发生年龄多集中在26～35岁之间,共51例,占73.91％。结合文献对发生规律及早期诊断等进行了讨论。     

米非司酮和米索前列醇有助于绝经妇女取节育器

目的　减轻绝经后妇女取宫内节育器时的痛苦 ,减少并发症的发生 ,提高取器成功率。方法　随机选择实验组 4 2例 ,米非司酮晨服 5 0mg ,晚空腹服 2 5mg ,连续服用 2天 ,第三天空腹服米索前列醇 6 0 0 μg ,2小时后取器。对照组 4 2例不用任何药物 ,按节育手术操作常规取器。结果　取器成功 ,实验组 4 1例 ,成功率97 6 2 % ,对照组 2 4例 ,成功率 5 7 4 % ,经检验P <0 .0 1。结论　应用米非司酮配伍米索前列醇用于绝经后妇女口服后取器 ,可减轻患者痛苦 ,减少取器并发症 ,提高取器成功率 ,值得推广应用     

OVARIAN ACTINOMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS ACUTE PERITONITIS

Book reviews in this article: A patient with acute peritonitis due to ovarian actinomycosis and the association of this disease with the intrauterine contraceptive device is discussed. Because adequate treatment requires prolonged antibiotics the diagnosis should be sure. Unfortunately if antibiotics are given pre-operatively culture is usually unsuccessful and thus careful examination of all removed material is essential. As many of these women are of child bearing age surgical intervention should aim to preserve fertility wherever possible.     

Society of Family Planning Guidelines: Postplacental insertion of intrauterine devices

Postplacental intrauterine device (IUD) placement, defined as IUD placement within 10 min after delivery of the placenta, is an appealing strategy for increasing access to postpartum IUDs because it does not require a separate postpartum visit. These guidelines present an evidence-based assessment of postplacental IUD placement after vaginal and cesarean delivery. Postplacental IUD insertion is safe and does not have higher risks of complications than interval insertion. Most studies find that the risk of IUD expulsion is higher after postplacental insertion than after interval insertion for both vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Most studies find higher rates of expulsion after vaginal delivery than after cesarean delivery. However, expulsion rates vary widely across studies, without clear evidence about the factors that may influence expulsion. In settings where replacement of expelled IUDs is available, patient populations with low rates of return for the postpartum visit are most likely to benefit from provision of postplacental IUD placement with appropriate counseling about risks and benefits.     

Surgical management of intra-abdominal mislocated intrauterine devices

OBJECTIVE: We report on our experience in surgical treatment of patients with intra-abdominal intrauterine devices (IUDs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 10 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis was based on gynecologic examination, transvaginal sonography, and abdominal X-ray. RESULTS: All of the IUDs were inserted by trained midwives, either in the puerperal period (n=3) or within 1 year after puerperium (n=7). Five women were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, three were pregnant and two complained of pelvic pain. Eight patients were managed by laparoscopy, whereas laparotomy was required in two. Abscess formation was present in two cases. The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. CONCLUSION: A missing string during gynecologic examination is the first sign of an intra-abdominal IUD in all cases. Transvaginal sonography should be combined with abdominal X-ray to reach a definitive diagnosis. Laparoscopic treatment may be appropriate in most of the cases.     

吉妮致美宫内节育器的临床应用效果观察

目的观察吉妮致美宫内节育器(IUD)的有效性、副反应和可接受性。方法对303例分别放置吉妮致美(观察组,145例)与TCu380A IUD(对照组,158例)的育龄妇女进行12个月随访。结果吉妮致美与TCu380A IUD比较:带器妊娠率分别为0.69%、1.27%,两者比较无统计学差异(p>0.05);脱落率分别为0.69%、3.80%,因症取出率分别为1.38%、4.43%,续用率分别为97.24%、90.51%,两者比较均有显著性差异(p<0.05)。结论吉妮致美避孕效果好,脱落率低,副反应少,续用率高,值得推广。     

功能性宫内节育器MCuⅡ与MCu的多中心随机对照临床研究

目的观察MCuⅡ功能性宫内节育器(intrauterine contraceptive device,IUD)的妊娠率、脱落率、因不良反应取出率和不良反应发生率。方法采用多中心随机对照的研究方法,对MCuⅡIUD与MCuIUD作临床效果比较。常规放置IUD,在置器后第1、3、6、12、24个月进行随访,观察临床效果和不良反应。结果共接纳对象1 000例,放置MCuⅡIUD与MCuIUD各500例,置器满24个月带器妊娠率分别为0.63%、1.45%;脱落率分别为0.42%、0.21%;因不良反应取出率分别为3.44%、3.03%;置器后各阶段不良反应(主诉)发生率及两组取出后5～12月间妊娠率的各项组间差异比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MCuⅡIUD取出时探针探测IUD金属摩擦感比MCu IUD清楚(P<0.05),因此取出手术操作容易。结论 MCuⅡIUD与MCu IUD是带器妊娠率低、脱落率低、因不良反应取出率低和不良反应发生率低的IUD。MCuⅡIUD在MCuIUD基础上铜表面积增加至225mm2,符合国家标准;铜表面积增加了而不良反应未增加;取出时操作容易,证实产品改进是成功的,是值得推广的新型IUD。     

剖宫产术后妇女使用固定式IUD 215例临床效果观察

目的观察剖宫产术后妇女使用欣悦固定式宫内节育器(intrauterine contraceptive device,IUD)的临床效果。方法选择2010年5月在门诊自愿放置欣悦固定式IUD育龄妇女477例,按照不同分娩方式分为观察组(剖宫产术后组)215例和对照组(阴道分娩组)262例。放置后分别于1、3、6、12、24个月进行随访。结果观察组放置IUD困难因素的发生率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但两组放置IUD后的不良反应发生情况和终止情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论剖宫产术后妇女使用固定式IUD可减少放置困难,减轻受术者痛苦。