慢性阻塞性肺疾病模型大鼠肺组织基质金属蛋白酶9及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1与固本颗粒胶囊*

中医药防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)的有效性和安全性已初步得到临床认证。 目的：观察COPD模型大鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶9及其特异性抑制物组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1表达与固本颗粒胶囊干预的影响。 方法：将50只Wistar大鼠随机等分为5组,除正常组外,其余大鼠均以烟熏及气管内滴注脂多糖的方式建立COPD模型。造模 29 d,泼尼松组、固本颗粒胶囊低、高剂量组分别灌胃给予醋酸泼尼松 1.04 mg/(kg•d),固本颗粒胶囊0.47,0.94 g/(kg•d),1次/d,观察记录大鼠的一般状况。免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶9及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1的表达。 结果与结论：COPD大鼠肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶9及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1的表达显著增强(P < 0.05)。药物干预后,COPD大鼠的一般状况明显改善,肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶9及组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1的表达有所降低;其中,醋酸泼尼松的作用最为显著,固本颗粒高剂量次之,低剂量最弱。说明固本颗粒胶囊能以剂量依赖的方式缓解COPD大鼠的临床表现,改善气道重塑,纠正COPD大鼠体内蛋白酶和抗蛋白酶失衡。     

Pediatric resident resuscitation skills improve after “Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice” training

Introduction

Previous studies reveal pediatric resident resuscitation skills are inadequate, with little improvement during residency. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education highlights the need for documenting incremental acquisition of skills, i.e. “Milestones”. We developed a simulation-based teaching approach “Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice” (RCDP) focused on rapid acquisition of procedural and teamwork skills (i.e. “first-five minutes” (FFM) resuscitation skills). This novel method utilizes direct feedback and prioritizes opportunities for learners to “try again” over lengthy debriefing.

Participants

Pediatric residents from an academic medical center.

Methods

Prospective pre-post interventional study of residents managing a simulated cardiopulmonary arrest. Main outcome measures include: (1) interval between onset of pulseless ventricular tachycardia to initiation of compressions and (2) defibrillation.

Results

Seventy pediatric residents participated in the pre-intervention and fifty-one in the post-intervention period. Baseline characteristics were similar. The RCDP-FFM intervention was associated with a decrease in: no-flow fraction: [pre: 74% (5–100%) vs. post: 34% (26–53%); p < 0.001)], no-blow fraction: [pre: 39% (22–64%) median (IQR) vs. post: 30% (22–41%); p = 0.01], and pre-shock pause: [pre: 84 s (26–162) vs. post: 8 s (4–18); p < 0.001]. Survival analysis revealed RCDP-FFM was associated with starting compressions within 1 min of loss of pulse: [Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR): 3.8 (95% CI: 2.0–7.2)] and defibrillating within 2 min: [HR: 1.7 (95% CI: 1.03–2.65)]. Third year residents were significantly more likely than first years to defibrillate within 2 min: [HR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.5–5.1)].

Conclusions

Implementation of the RCDP-FFM was associated with improvement in performance of key measures of quality life support and progressive acquisition of resuscitation skills during pediatric residency.