乳胶凝集试验快速诊断轮状病毒的临床应用

目的研究轮状病毒快速诊断法的临床应用。方法用轮状病毒的快速鉴定试剂盒对153例1~7岁患儿的大便标本,做玻片法乳胶凝集试验,进行轮状病毒致小儿腹泻、胃肠炎的快速诊断。结果轮状病毒致小儿腹泻的阳性检出率为46.25%(37/80),致小儿胃肠炎的阳性检出率为38.36%(28/73),总阳性率为42.48%(65/153)。皆于2 m in内出结果。阳性结果中未发现交叉反应,亦符合临床诊断。结论该快速诊断法具有操作简便、快速、准确、特异性强、阳性率高等特点。可以在基层和农村医疗单位推广应用,它为诊断治疗轮状病毒致腹泻、胃肠炎提供了及时准确的客观依据。     

Sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus and sera and postcoital tests in infertile women

Cervical mucus and sera of 42 women with infertility resistant to treatment were investigated for spermatozoal antibodies by agglutination, immobilization and immunofluorescent tests. Quantitative postcoital tests were also performed. The incidences of sperm antibody activity in cervical mucus varied from 48 to 62%. There seemed to be no relationship between antibodies in the sera and cervical mucus. In the presence of adequate cervical mucus, the postcoital test could be correlated with sperm antibodies in the cervical mucus as tested by the Isojima's immobilization test (P < 0.05). No relationship was seen between the postcoital tests and sperm antibodies in the mucus by the other 2 tests and between the postcoital tests and sperm antibody activity in the sera by all 3 tests.     

乳胶凝集试验快速诊断新生儿B群链球菌败血症

目的:探讨乳胶凝集试验在诊断新生儿B群链球菌(GBS)败血症中的作用。方法:174例疑有败血症的新生儿生后即作外耳道、脐部拭子培养及涂片镜检,胃液培养和血培养,并均采用乳胶凝集试验检测患儿尿中的GBS抗原。根据是否有GBS败血症将患儿分成两组:GBS败血症组(18例)及无GBS败血症组(156例)。将两组乳胶凝集试验结果作比较。结果:GBS败血症组有16例乳胶凝集试验阳性;无GBS败血症组有3例阳性。乳胶凝集试验对GBS败血症的诊断敏感性为88.9%,特异性为98.1%,假阳性率为1.9%。结论:乳胶凝集试验对新生儿GBS败血症的诊断具有重要意义,该方法敏感性和特异性均高,且简便、快速,值得推广应用。     

TP-ELISA法对梅毒检测的诊断学评价

目的 评估梅毒螺旋体抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(Treponema pallidum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay TP-ELISA)在梅毒检测中的诊断价值.方法 用梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集法(Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test TPPA)与TP-ELISA法对60例住院及门诊梅毒患者血清和50例健康体检者血清分别进行检测,以TPPA法作为参比方法.结 TP-ELISA法与TPPA法检测梅毒结果差异无显著性(P>0.05),并且两者有极好的一致性(Kw=0.8541.TP-ELISA的诊断敏感性(Se)为90%、诊断特异性(Sp)为96.8%、阳性预告值(+PV)为97.2%、阴性预告值(-PV)为88.77%.结论 TP-ELISA法与TPPA法对梅毒检测结果总体上一致,是临床理想的筛查方法,适用于大批量样本检查.     

时间分辨免疫荧光法用于梅毒抗体测定的探讨

目的 通过对时间分辨免疫荧光法（TRFIA）,酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）,明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）三种方法测定梅毒特异性抗体（TP）的比较,并对TRFIA法的特异性、灵敏度、线性进行方法学评价,探讨临床常规使用TRFIA方法检测梅毒特异性抗体的可行性.方法 对2012年1月至2012年7月我院256名门诊患者标本分别用TRFIA、ELISA、TPPA三种方法测定TP,并对TRFIA检测系统的灵敏度、批内,批间精密度、线性范围进行测定.结果 TRFIA与TPPA法检测相比其灵敏度为100％,特异性为98.2％.TP阴阳性结果,经配对卡方检验P＞0.05,三种方法无统计学差别.最低检测浓度0.15NCU,相关系数分别为0.95、0.999,高、中、低三种浓度血清的批内、批间精密度CV＜10％.结论 TRFIA法测定TP灵敏度、特异性、方法性能、相关性均好,可作为临床TP常规筛查方法.     

Antibodies to Spermatozoa: XI. The Use of Immunobeads for the Detection of Sperm Antibodies in Serum

ABSTRACT: Two procedures were developed and evaluated that used either larger or smaller volumes for the detection of sperm antibodies in serum by means of an indirect immunobead test (IBT). The immunobeads, coated with rabbit antibody to each of the major human immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, or IgM), were mixed with preparations of donor sperm, onto which antibody had been coated by passive transfer from various serum samples. The results of the IBT could be evaluated in various ways: (1) positive or negative; (2) if positive, whether binding is to the tail, the head, or the head and tail of the sperm cells; (3) if positive, whether binding is by IgG, IgA, or IgM. The diverse IBT results were obtained from a group of 50 serum samples; these sera were also tested by two sperm agglutination methods; the gelatin agglutination test (GAT) and the tube-slide agglutination test (TSAT). There was an excellent agreement between the IBT and the GAT; it was not as good between the IBT and the TSAT. However, considering both agglutination methods together, 90% of the IBT-positive sera were agglutination-positive. In terms of morphological sites, tail binding occurred in 27 of 31 sera, head binding in 12 of 31 sera, and head-tail binding in 15 of 31 sera. The number with tail binding was very close to the number that were GAT-positive (26). As for the immunoglobulins, the most frequent class was IgG. IgA was 83% as frequent and IgM was only 25% as frequent as IgG. In a larger group with only IgG and IgA, of 31 IBT-positive sera, 26 showed IgG and 23 showed IgA; 18 showed both. Hence, only eight showed IgG exclusively, and only five showed IgA exclusively. One final point is that several sera with GAT titers of only 4 were IBT-positive, adding strength to the concept that such a low GAT titer does have antibody significance.     

反向乳凝试验和乳凝抑制试验检测HBeAg和抗－HBe

以聚苯乙烯胶乳为载体，制成乙型肝炎ｅ系统胶乳诊断试剂．以反向被动乳凝试验（ＲＰＬＡ）和乳凝抑制试验（ＬＡＩＴ）检测ＨＢｅＡｇ及抗－ＨＢｅ，并和ＥＬＩＳＡ法进行比较，结果发现受检５０份ＨＢｅＡｇ阳性血清及４１份抗－ＨＢｅ阳性标本的符合率为９６．０％和９１．１％，经统计学ｘ２检验无显著性差异．并且发现乳凝试验对乙型肝炎病毒表面和核心系统无交叉反应，对５份类风湿因子阳性血清和５０份健康人血清检测均为阴性，表明该法有良好的特异性（９８．１％）．此外本法与ＥＬＩＳＡ法相比，前者更具有操作简单，不需任何仪器设备，３～５ｍｉｎ出结果的特点，是检测乙型肝炎ｅ系统较为理想的方法之一，有推广应用价值．     

3种梅毒血清学筛选试验的方法学评价

目的:评价3种不同的梅毒血清学筛选试验方法和各项试验之间的相互关系及应用价值。方法:以酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)检测门诊和住院患者标本共12 960例。TP-ELISA阳性者再做梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)及甲苯胺红不加热血清学试验(TRUST),结果进行统计学处理。结果:TP-ELISA筛出阳性334例,TPPA确证277例,TRUST阳性的98例。结论:TP-ELISA、TPPA两种检测方法有较高的灵敏度和特异性。TRUST的灵敏度比ELISA、TPPA差且特异性也不如二者,但可用TRUST法检测判断是否为现症患者,以及观察梅毒疗效及判断预后。TP-ELISA法是大批量梅毒筛查的理想方法。     

非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响

目的 探讨梅毒血清中非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对艾滋病病毒(HIV)明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验(HIV1/2-PA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)以及Abbot HIV胶体硒快速试验(Determine HIV-1/2),同时检测性病门诊保存的96份梅毒血清及96份健康对照者血清.结果 96份梅毒血清中有32份HIV1/2-PA结果被干扰而无法判读(致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集),其他64份血清HIV1/2-PA结果为阴性.将96份梅毒血清按滴度分成11组,观察到随着RPR滴度的升高,HIV1/2-PA结果出现干扰现象的频率也升高.RPR滴度＞1:8的标本出现此现象的比例与≤1:8的标本相比,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.73,P＜0.005).对9例出现HIV1/-PA结果干扰的梅毒患者进行随访,在苄星青霉素规范治疗后6个月,用HIV1/2-PA测试其血清,原结果中的干扰现象消失.比较这9例患者治疗前后RPR和TPPA滴度的变化发现,RPR的滴度均下降至≤1:8,而TPPA的滴度则有4例升高,有4例未变化.5份RPR阳性、滴度均＜1:8.TPPA阴性标本,在HIV1/2-PA试验中未出现结果被干扰现象.结论 高滴度(＞1:8)的非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体,是HIV1/2-PA出现致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集这一干扰现象的主要原因.     

改良凝集试验用于检测禽类弓形虫感染的探讨

本文报道了应用改良凝集试验 ( MAT)检测禽类的弓形虫抗体水平。共检测了包括 41只家鸡在内的 77份禽类 (隶属5目、5科、13属、2 1种 )的血清 ,结果 MAT阳性 5份 ,阳性率为 6 .5 %。 4只阳性珍禽的弓形虫抗体滴度分别为 1∶ 2 0 ( 3禽 )和1∶ 6 40 ( 1禽 ) ,1只阳性家鸡的抗体滴度为 1∶ 40。珍禽的弓形虫抗体阳性率 ( 11.1% )高于家鸡的抗体阳性率 ( 2 .4% ) ,但二者无显著差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。本文结果表明 ,简便、快速的 MAT适合于禽类弓形虫感染的血清学检测