髋关节X线测量指标在评价脑瘫患儿髋关节半脱位中的应用

目的：探讨髋关节X线片测量指标与脑瘫患儿髋关节发育的相关性,评价其在该类疾病所致髋关节半脱位中的价值与作用。方法回顾性分析2012年5月—2014年5月在我中心检查治疗的60名脑瘫患儿骨盆平片中的120个髋关节,测量其骨结构的X线指标,包括：髋臼指数（acetabular index,AI）、股骨头偏移百分比（migrarion percentage,MP）、颈干角（neck-shaft angle,NSA）。结果 AI （21.05±3.83）°、MP （18.05±13.74）%、NSA（150.54±8.41）°。结论大部分脑瘫患儿存在髋关节骨骼发育异常,并导致髋关节半脱位改变。股骨头偏移百分比测量可以较客观地反映髋关节半脱位情况及其严重程度,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

Rehabilitation after total joint replacement: a scoping study

Purpose: The evidence supporting rehabilitation after joint replacement, while vast, is of variable quality making it difficult for clinicians to apply the best evidence to their practice. We aimed to map key issues for rehabilitation following joint replacement, highlighting potential avenues for new research.

Materials and methods: We conducted a scoping study including research published between January 2013 and December 2016, evaluating effectiveness of rehabilitation following hip and knee total joint replacement. We reviewed this work in the context of outcomes described from previously published research.

Results: Thirty individual studies and seven systematic reviews were included, with most research examining the effectiveness of physiotherapy-based exercise rehabilitation after total knee replacement using randomized control trial methods. Rehabilitation after hip and knee replacement whether carried out at the clinic or monitored at home, appears beneficial but type, intensity and duration of interventions were not consistently associated with outcomes. The burden of comorbidities rather than specific rehabilitation approach may better predict rehabilitation outcome. Monitoring of recovery and therapeutic attention appear important but little is known about optimal levels and methods required to maximize outcomes.

Conclusions: More work exploring the role of comorbidities and key components of therapeutic attention and the therapy relationship, using a wider range of study methods may help to advance the field.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• Physiotherapy-based exercise rehabilitation after total hip replacement and total knee replacement, whether carried out at the clinic or monitored at home, appears beneficial.

• Type, intensity, and duration of interventions do not appear consistently associated with outcomes.

• Monitoring a patient’s recovery appears to be an important component. The available research provides limited guidance regarding optimal levels of monitoring needed to achieve gains following hip and knee replacement and more work is required to clarify these aspects.

• The burden of comorbidities appears to better predict outcomes regardless of rehabilitation approach.

     

微种植体支抗治疗成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错殆的疗效评估

目的：探讨微种植体支抗治疗成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错殆的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析我院2011年8月～2014年7月收治的85例成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错殆患者,所有患者均应用微种植体支抗技术进行治疗,比较患者治疗前后的投影测评结果。结果：治疗后,患者面部美观情况显著改善,磨牙在水平向和垂直向均未发生明显移动,而 U1-SN、U1-NA 及 LS-EP 则比治疗前显著减小,U1-L1、U1-SN 比治疗前明显增大。结论：微螺钉种植体是一个疗效确切的成人骨性安氏Ⅱ类错殆治疗技术,具有良好的应用前景。     

An occult finding in heparin drip order set

Background: In 1998, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) noted that the American healthcare system had many problems. A major concern was the pervasiveness of medical errors. Electronic medical records (EMR) were introduced for myriad of reasons, one being to reduce these errors. Within the EMR, order sets have been shown to reduce variation in clinical practice and improve the quality of care. However, the lack of standardization in these sets enables peculiar orders, such as fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the heparin drip order set at our hospital, to be surprisingly included. Our study was conducted to evaluate the consequences associated with having FOBT in this order set. Methods: A retrospective study of 898 adult hospitalized patients over a 6-month period, who had a heparin drip ordered at a single academic center, was conducted. The main focus of our study was the 130 patients for whom the FOBT was sent. Results: Fifteen percent (n = 130) of patients started on IV heparin had FOBT sent, of which 33 (25%) came back positive. Approximately one-third (36%) of the positive results were documented by a provider, either in a progress note or discharge summary. In eight instances of a positive FOBT (24%), the heparin drip was stopped. For 10 patients with a positive test (30%), gastroenterology was consulted, and 4 (12%) patients had inpatient endoscopy. Five patients with positive FOBT died while in the hospital (15%) as compared to seven patients (7%) in the negative FOBT group, p < 0.05. Conclusions: Most patients started on heparin did not have FOBT tested, and the results changed management infrequently, even when positive. The regular review of all order sets is imperative to ensure that they remain evidenced-based and sensible.     

Doctors’ perspectives on the barriers to appropriate prescribing in older hospitalized patients: a qualitative study

Aims

Older patients commonly suffer from multimorbidites and take multiple medications. As a result, these patients are more vulnerable to potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP). PIP in older patients may result in adverse drug events (ADEs) and hospitalizations. However, little has been done to identify why PIP occurs. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify hospital doctors'' perceptions as to why PIP occurs, (ii) to identify the barriers to addressing the issues identified and (iii) to determine which intervention types would be best suited to improving prescribing.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), a tool used to apply behaviour change theories, were conducted with 22 hospital doctors. Content analysis was conducted to identify domains of the TDF that could be targeted to improve prescribing for older people. These domains were then mapped to the behaviour change wheel to identify possible intervention types.

Results

Content analysis identified five of the 12 domains in the TDF as relevant: (i) environmental context and resources, (ii) knowledge, (iii) skills, (iv) social influences and (v) memory/attention and decision processes. Using the behaviour change wheel, the types of interventions deemed suitable were those based on training and environmental restructuring.

Conclusion

This study shows that doctors feel there is insufficient emphasis on geriatric pharmacotherapy in their undergraduate/postgraduate training. An intervention providing supplementary training, with particular emphasis on decision processes and dealing with social influences would be justified. This study has, however, uncovered many areas for potential intervention in the future.     

Meaning of Self-Care: Lived Experiences of Iranian Diabetic Patients

Background

Diabetes continuously disrupts a patient''s well-being and quality of life. Successful self-care could potentially decrease overall costs and rates of mortality and morbidity. Patients'' experiences could be used to elucidate what they believe about illness and its management. The overall aim of this study was to illuminate the meaning of self-care among diabetic patients in Southeast of Iran.

Methods

Sixteen diabetic patients with a mean age of 34 and 10 years'' experience in self-care for their disease were interviewed. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with a Ricoeur''s phenomenological hermeneutic method.

Results

The meaning of self- care was comprehensively understood as being empowered. This can be divided into four themes: seeking information, being independent, being optimistic or pessimistic and trust in God.

Conclusion

The results in this study suggest that cultural and religious components could affect diabetic patients'' self-care. Nurses might use patients'' religious beliefs to relieve their stress, help them to retain a sense of control, maintain hope and sense of meaning and purpose in their life.     

Evaluation of Patients under Investigation for MERS-CoV Infection,United States,January 2013–October 2014

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) cases continue to be reported from the Middle East. Evaluation and testing of patients under investigation (PUIs) for MERS are recommended. In 2013–2014, two imported cases were detected among 490 US PUIs. Continued awareness is needed for early case detection and implementation of infection control measures.     

重组人生长激素对高龄病人术后恢复作用的Meta分析

目的:评价高龄病人手术后应用重组人生长激素(rh GH)对术后恢复的影响。方法:应用计算机检索Pubmed、Embase、中国生物医学文摘数据库(CBM)、维普中文期刊全文数据库中所有相关随机对照研究,按照一定标准对其筛选后进行质量评价。采用Rev Man 5.2软件进行统计和分析。结果:纳入10个随机对照研究,共计374例研究对象,其中术后应用rh GH的病人183例,对照组191例。分析结果表明,高龄病人术后应用rh GH能够1促进血清蛋白质合成,[WMD=5.60,95%CI(3.92,7.29),P0.01];促进清蛋白(ALB)水平恢复[WMD=3.79,95%CI(2.95,4.63),P0.01];促进转铁蛋白(TF)合成[WMD=0.52,95%CI(0.37,0.67),P0.000 01];促进前清蛋白(PA)合成[WMD=0.57,95%CI(0.09,1.06),P=0.02]。2促进血清免疫球蛋白水平恢复,结果分别为Ig A[WMD=0.48,95%CI(0.26,0.70),P0.01];Ig M[WMD=0.39,95%CI(0.26,0.52),P0.01];Ig G[WMD=2.31,95%CI(0.69,3.94),P0.01]。3减轻术后疲劳症状[WMD=-2.09,95%CI(-2.34,-1.85),P0.01]。结论:高龄病人术后应用rh GH可促进血清蛋白质合成,提高免疫功能,减轻疲劳综合征的症状,有利于病人康复。     

胃肠外科老人术后早期空肠输注肠内营养护理

目的: 对应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果进行研究.方法:选择接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者86例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组43例,在术后均实施早期空肠输注肠内营养支持.采用综合护理干预模式对观察组患者在营养支持期间实施护理;采用常规护理模式对对照组患者在营养支持期间实施护理.结果:观察组患者对术后营养支持期间的护理服务满意度明显高于对照组;术后营养支持计划实施时间和住院时间明显短于对照组.结论:应用综合护理干预模式对接受胃肠外科手术治疗的老年患者在术后早期空肠输注肠内营养支持过程中实施护理的临床效果非常明显.     

护理干预对全髋置换患者负性情绪及并发症的影响

目的:研究护理干预对全髋关节置换术后患者的负性情绪及并发症的影响.方法:将80例全髋关节置换术患者随机分为两组,对照组40例进行常规护理,观察组40例在对照组的基础上进一步进行护理干预,对比两组患者的负性情绪以及并发症情况.结果:经护理干预后,观察组焦虑评分低于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组.结论:护理干预措施可以有效改善患者负性情绪,降低术后并发症的发生率,值得临床借鉴和推广.