成人大骨节病与骨关节炎患者髋关节影像学表现的对比研究

目的：研究成人大骨节病髋关节病变的影像学特点,并与骨关节炎患者进行对比。方法：对四川省壤塘县112例（224髋）确诊为成人大骨节病的患者进行髋关节摄片,观察髋关节髋臼侧、股骨侧有无影像学改变,测量髋关节Sharp角、CE角、髋臼指数、头转子间距离、头颈指数和颈干角,并将测量结果与我院40例（80髋）原发性骨关节炎患者进行对比分析。结果：224髋中有22髋（9．8％）出现髋部异常改变,主要表现为髋臼软骨下骨硬化或囊变、股骨头形态不规则伴密度异常、颈干角变小。112例患者Sharp角平均37．92°、CE角平均30．26°、髋臼指数平均43．86、头转子间距离平均1．69cm、头颈指数平均1．80、颈干角平均121．8°。与骨关节炎患者相比,大骨节病组患者颈干角较小,其组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但均在正常范围内;其余测量指标两组比较均无统计学差异。结论：成人大骨节病部分患者髋关节在影像学方面具有异常改变,主要表现为髋臼软骨下骨硬化或囊变、股骨头形态不规则伴密度异常、颈干角变小。上述影像学改变与骨关节炎患者相比无明显特异性。     

A multicentre,prospective, randomised comparison of the sliding hip screw with the Medoff sliding screw and side plate for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures

Objective

This study aimed to compare the dynamic hip screw (DHS) and Medoff sliding plate (MSP) for unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures.

Design

A randomised, prospective trial design was used.

Setting

The study was undertaken in two level-1 trauma centres and one community hospital.

Patients/participants

A total of 163 patients with unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures (Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) 31-A2) were randomised to DHS or MSP. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to focus on isolated unstable intertrochanteric hip fractures in ambulatory patients.

Intervention

Randomisation was performed intra-operatively, after placement of a 135° guide wire. Follow-up assessments were performed at regular intervals for a minimum of 6 months.

Main outcome measurements

The primary outcome measure was re-operation rate. The secondary outcome was patient function, evaluated using a validated outcome measure, the Hip Fracture Functional Recovery Score. Tertiary outcomes included: mortality, hospital stay, quality of reduction and malunion rate.

Results

A total of 86 patients were randomised to DHS and 77 to MSP. The groups had similar patient demographics, pre-fracture status and in-hospital course. The quality of reduction was the same for each group, but the operative time was longer in the MSP group (61.6 vs. 50.1 min, P = 0.01). The rate of re-operation was low (3/86 in DHS and 2/77 in MSP) with no statistically significant difference. The functional outcomes were the same for both groups, with functional recovery scores at 6 months of 51.0% in the DHS arm and 49.7% in the MSP arm.

Conclusions

The two techniques produced similar results for the clinically important outcomes of the need for further surgery and functional status of the patients at 6 months’ follow-up.     

Implementing the National Hip Fracture Database: An audit of care

Background

Hip fractures are common injuries in the elderly, with significant associated morbidity and mortality rates. The National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) was implemented to audit care according to national standards thus improving its clinical and cost-effectiveness.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively examined the care pathway for all hip fractures after its introduction at our centre over 1 year, with an audit of care according to the BOA-BGS ‘Blue Book’ guidelines. Data between the first (period 1: initial audit) and second (period 2: re-audit) six months of the study period were compared.

Results

There were 372 patients (28% male, 72% female) in total with 190 in period 1 and 182 in period 2. For all patients, the median age was 85 years (range 33–101) and the median time to surgery was 24.5 h (1–519.3), with 251 (67.5%) within 36 h. Surgical delay was mainly due to lack of theatre space (37.6%) and medical reasons (54.7%). The median length of stay was 11 days (2–92) and the inpatient mortality rate was 6.2% (23). When comparing the two study periods, there were significantly more patients undergoing falls (p < 0.01) and bone protection (p < 0.01) assessments in period 2. Lack of theatre space was a significantly less common (p < 0.01), with a significantly shorter median time to surgery (p = 0.01) and length of stay (p < 0.01) in period 2. More patients were discharged to rehabilitation units and the mortality rate was non-significantly lower in period 2 (7.4% vs. 5%). The best practice tariff was met in 45.3% and 70.3% (p < 0.001) of patients in periods 1 and 2 respectively providing a total income of £95230.00 (GBP).

Conclusions

Implementing the NHFD has led to an improvement the quality of hip fracture care according to national guidelines. More patients were assessed by an orthogeriatrician, with a shorter time to surgery and length of stay following re-audit. There is potential for an improvement in mortality rates as well as significant financial income for hospitals.     

Bearing exchange in the management of pseudotumours

Introduction

Soft tissue reactions following metal-on-metal (MoM) arthroplasty of the hip have been under considerable discussion. These reactions are seen following both hip resurfacing and MoM total hip arthroplasty (THA). The phenomenon may arise owing to shedding of metal particles in high wear states, hypersensitivity with normal metal wear rates or a combination of the two.

Methods

Three patients were identified who had developed a soft tissue reaction (pseudotumour) following MoM hip resurfacing procedures. The prostheses were revised to ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) THA with only minimal debridement of the pseudotumour. Pre and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the size of the lesions.

Results

Progressive and satisfactory resolution of the associated pseudotumours was identified following revision of the prostheses to CoC THA.

Conclusions

In the early stages of pseudotumour formation following MoM hip resurfacing, this potentially devastating condition can be managed adequately with revision to a CoC bearing THA with minimal soft tissue excision.     

下肢重建方式对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良全髋关节置换术后疗效的影响

 目的 探讨不同重建方式恢复单侧Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的患肢长度后关节功能与患者满意度的差异。方法 将21例拟行全髋关节置换术的单侧Crowe Ⅳ型DDH患者随机分为代偿长度组11例(转子下截骨后按照代偿法测得的双下肢长度差重建患肢长度)和绝对长度组10例(按照双下肢绝对长度差重建患肢长度)。平均随访10年,比较两组患者Harris髋关节评分和健康调查简表SF-36(the MOS item short form health survey,SF-36)评分;以翻修作为终点,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法评估假体生存率;根据症状及X线表现评价关节功能和假体松动情况。结果 17例获得随访,随访时间8~10年。两组患者Harris髋关节评分、主要的SF-36评分和假体生存率的差异无统计学意义,代偿长度组患者SF-36评分的“心理健康”项优于绝对长度组。10例出现聚乙烯磨损, 6例出现大转子区严重骨质疏松,3例骨溶解。5例翻修：1例感染、1例假体周围骨折、3例无菌性松动。结论 两种不同重建方式的全髋关节置换术后髋关节功能和假体生存率无差异。绝对长度组患者手术满意度低于代偿长度组,术后持续感觉双下肢不等长。     

人工全髋关节置换术中3种肢体长度测量方法比较

目的：分析人工全髋关节置换术中3种常用肢体长度测量方法的准确性,探讨影响其准确性的原因及对策。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月行人工全髋关节置换手术的患者145例,男66例,女79例;年龄48～89岁,平均66．7岁。术中采用3种不同的肢体长度测量方法,其中31例采用健侧对照法（A法）,63例采用克氏针定位测量法（B法）,51例采用解剖标志定位测量法（C法）。术后检查双下肢长度差,并比较这3种方法的准确性及肢体不等长的发生率。结果：145例患者术后获得随访,上述3种方法在手术时间、出血量上差异无统计学意义。A、B、C法术后双下肢长度差的平均值分别为（8．7±5．7）、（3．1±2．6）、（5．6±5．3）mm,各组间的差异均有统计学意义,准确性从高到低依次为B、C、A法。A、B、C法术后发生双下肢不等长的比例分别为32．3％、1．6％、11．8％,A法的发生比例较B、C法高,B法与C法之间差异无统计学意义。结论：上述的3种方法中克氏针定位测量法（B法）最为准确,解剖标志定位测量法（C法）其次,健侧对照法（A法）准确性最差。建议除股骨颈骨折患者外均采用克氏针定位测量法,对于股骨颈骨折患者可采用解剖标志定位测量法。     

Pseudoaneurysm of profunda femoris artery following dynamic hip screw fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fracture

Dynamic hip screw fixation is a commonly performed procedure for internal fixation of intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Arterial injury following the operative fixation is a rare but serious event.We...     

单侧腰-硬联合麻醉用于高龄患者髋关节手术的效果

【摘要】 目的 探讨80岁以上高龄患者髋关节置换手术采用单侧腰硬联合麻醉的临床效果。 方法 我院2009年至2011年择期行髋关节置换手术病例130例,年龄在80~96岁,ASA Ⅱ~Ⅲ级。将130例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各65例,观察组于L3-L4穿刺采用单侧腰硬联合麻醉;对照组于L2-L3穿刺采用硬膜外麻醉。两组患者一般资料无明显差异,具有可比性。观察两组麻醉效果。 结果 观察组患者在麻醉起效时间和麻醉阻滞完善时间明显较对照组快,(P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉前后心率无明显变化,对照组的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压麻醉后与术前比较波动较大(P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉效果比较,观察组麻醉效果好于对照组。 结论 单侧腰硬联合麻醉具有起效快、镇痛和肌松效果好、麻醉平面可控性强、呼吸循环影响小等优点,可安全有效地用于高龄患者的手术麻醉。     

绝经后髋部脆性骨折中铁过载指标与骨密度骨转换指标关系的研究

目的 研究绝经后髋部脆性骨折患者血清铁过载指标与骨代谢指标间的相互关系,对两者的临床表现进行探讨.方法 回顾性研究2011年2月至2012年6月76例绝经后髋部脆性骨折患者资料,年龄55 ～ 93岁,平均(73±10)岁;绝经时间5～50年,平均(22±10)年.患者均检测血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、Ⅰ型原胶原氨基端延长肽(P1NP)、Ⅰ型胶原C端肽B降解产物(β-CTX)和双能X线股骨颈腰椎骨密度指标.采用t检验、Pearson线性相关分析、多元逐步回归分析、偏相关分析,观察铁代谢指标与骨代谢相关指标的关系.结果 患者血清铁蛋白值升至(230±146) μg/L,转铁蛋白降至(1.89±0.33)g/L.血清P1 NP升至(61±32) ng/L,ALP、β-CTX均在正常范围内.股骨颈和腰椎骨密度T值分别为-2.0±1.1和-2.1±1.2(正常范围-1.0～1.0).将患者按照其血清铁蛋白情况分为铁蛋白正常组(血清铁蛋白≤150 μg/L,25例)和铁蛋白升高组(血清铁蛋白＞ 150μg/L,51例).铁蛋白升高组较铁蛋白正常组的股骨颈和腰椎骨密度降低(t=3.13、2.89,P＜0.01),P1 NP和β-CTX升高(t=-2.38、-3.59,P＜0.05).校正混杂因素后,铁蛋白值与股骨颈和腰椎骨密度T值呈负相关(r=-0.335、-0.295,P＜0.05),与P1NP和β-CTX值呈正相关(r=0.467、0.414,P＜0.05),与ALP无显著相关性(r=0.188,P＞0.05);转铁蛋白值与股骨颈和腰椎骨密度T值呈正相关(r =0.444、0.262,P＜0.05),与ALP、P1NP、β-CTX值呈负相关(r=-0.326、-0.285、-0.278,P＜0.05).结论 绝经后髋部脆性骨折患者存在铁过载现象,铁过载与骨转换活跃导致骨量丢失相关,体内铁过载可能是一个独立影响绝经后骨代谢异常的因素.     

Minimum 10 Year Survivorship Analysis of a Partially Coated Hydroxyapatite Tapered Femoral Stem in Elderly Patients With an Average Age Over 75

This is a retrospective, non-comparative study of 212 consecutive patients who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty with an uncemented hydroxyapatite (HA) coated stem system from November 1997 to March 2000. The objective of the study was to analyze the performance of the implant at a minimum of 10 years in older patients (mean age 79.6 years). The Kaplan-Meier survivorship of the femoral stem at 10 years was 100%, and 97.5% for the whole prosthesis. The mean Merle d'Aubigné clinical score improved from 4.4 ± 2.1 points pre-operatively to 13.39 ± 3.77 points at final follow-up (p < 0.05), and the mean VAS score for thigh pain was 1.25. The radiographic analysis showed that there were no significant radiolucent lines or osteolysis compromising the fixation of the implant.