高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者β_2-微球蛋白和甲状旁腺激素及左心功能的影响

目的观察高通量血液透析(HFHD)对维持性血液透析患者β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)及左心功能的影响。方法选取2010年1月—2013年4月在我院血液净化中心行维持性血液透析患者70例,将其随机分为HFHD组38例和常规血液透析(HD)组32例,分别于治疗前及治疗6个月后检测两组患者生化指标(尿素氮、肌酐、钙、磷、PTH、β2-MG);并测量左室舒张末内径(LVEDd)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左房室瓣前向血流E峰与A峰比值(E/A)。结果治疗前后两组患者尿素氮、肌酐、钙比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后HFHD组血磷、PTH、β2-MG均低于HD组(P0.05)。治疗后两组LVEDd比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);HFHD组LVEF、E/A高于HD组(P0.05)。结论 HFHD对维持性血液透析患者的β2-MG、PTH有明显清除作用,并可改善左心功能,优于HD。     

高功率和微波辐照致家兔视网膜损伤的防护研究

目的 以定量组织病理学的重要指标节细胞层和内核细胞层的厚度和细胞计数为指标,探讨三七总皂甙和480目铜丝网对高功率微波所致的视网膜损伤进行药物防护和物理防护的效果.方法 将青紫蓝兔分为假辐射对照组、辐射组、三七总皂甙防护组和480目铜丝屏蔽组.观察各实验组视网膜组织的病理形态变化.结果 三七总皂甙预处理能显著减轻高功率微波辐照所致的视网膜组织的病理形态学损伤;480目铜丝网屏蔽防护,能完全屏蔽该频率高功率微波辐射,使视网膜组织结构维持正常,表现出良好的屏蔽防护效果.结论 三七总皂甙和480目铜丝网对高功率微波致视网膜损伤具有药物和物理防护作用,为探讨可供实用的高功率微波眼损伤防护措施提供实验依据.     

Differential risk factors and morbidity/mortality pattern in type 2 diabetes: A study among two Mendelian populations with different ancestry (India)

Background and aims:Association studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with risk factors have shown variable results. Moreover, population-specific comparative investigations are negligible. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the association of dyslipidemia and obesity with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM among two ethnically, geographically and culturally different populations in India.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study among Jats and Meiteis, each inhabiting a separate geographical region. A total of 2371 individuals, age ≥30 years were recruited through household survey. Obesity variables were captured using anthropometric measurements while fasting blood (2.5 mL) was drawn to measure lipid and glucose levels using enzymatic assay by spectrophotometer. Participants were categorized under normal, IFG and T2DM groups, indicative of diabetes progression stages. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 version.Results:Significant differential distribution of lipid and obesity variables among IFG and T2DM in both populations were observed. Odds ratio revealed high TC and all obesity variables except BMI posed significant increased risk for T2DM among Jats. Abnormal TG, VLDL, WC, and WHtR posed significant increased risk for T2DM among Meiteis. Age-cohort wise prevalence of T2DM showed increasing trend at ≥60 years among Jats and decreasing trend at ≥60 years among Meiteis, suggesting a potential higher morbidity in the former and mortality in latter because of T2DM.Conclusions:The present study observed a differential association of risk factors for T2DM among Jats and Meiteis. This study emphasize the need to implement community-specific intervention programs for prevention, treatment and management of T2DM.     

Clinical and genetic analysis in a family with familial renal glucosuria: Identification of an N101K mutation in the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 encoded by a solute carrier family 5 member 2 gene

We report the identification of a mutation in the solute carrier family 5 member 2 (SLC5A2) gene, which encodes sodium–glucose cotransporter 2, in a family with familial renal glucosuria. The proband was a 26‐year‐old Japanese man referred to the diabetes division with repeated glucosuria without hyperglycemia. His mother, uncle and grandfather also had a history of glucosuria. A heterozygous missense mutation (c.303T>A:p.N101K) in SLC5A2 was identified in the patient and his mother, but not in 200 chromosomes from 100 healthy and unrelated individuals, or in 3,408 Japanese individuals in the Tohoku Medical Megabank. Furthermore, bioinformatics software predicted that this lesion would be pathogenic. We infer that the mutation led to clinically relevant sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 dysfunction. The patient showed no symptoms of hypoglycemia, but continuous glucose monitoring confirmed asymptomatic hypoglycemia.