先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血围手术期管理策略的对照研究 1

目的探讨先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血围手术期的治疗策略。 方法采用1：1匹配的病例对照研究方法,收集2008年7月至2018年4月就诊于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院40例先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血患儿的病历资料。采用配对t检验比较不同的围手术期管理策略（A组患儿Hb＞70 g/L,B组患儿Hb＞90 g/L时行手术治疗。）对先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血治疗效果的影响。观察并比较两组年龄、体重、性别、术前血红蛋白（Hb）、贫血治疗费用、术前营养情况、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后3个月的血红蛋白等临床结果。A组患儿中有4例消化道出血症状,以呕吐为主诉就诊的10例,以贫血为主诉就诊者10例。其中Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型2例;维吾尔族8例,哈萨克族7例,汉族5例。B组患儿中5例有消化道出血症状,以呕吐为主诉就诊者12例,以贫血为主诉就诊者8例,其中Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型3例,Ⅲ型2例,维吾尔族5例,汉族15例。两组患者术前资料组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）（表1）。 结果两组患儿的年龄、体重、性别、营养情况,无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。所有患儿术前均给予常规纠正贫血治疗,对所有贫血患儿的行悬浮红细胞输注治疗,A组患儿在Hb＞70 g/L、B组患儿在Hb＞90 g/L时均顺利完成腹腔镜下食管裂孔疝修补术+Nissen胃底折叠术。A组术前纠正贫血时间（5±1.2）d,相关费用（2200±12.5）元,B组术前纠正贫血时间（8±1.5）d,相关费用（2600±13.4）元（P＜0.05）,中出血量、术后住院天数无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。术后随访3个月,两组患儿Hb无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,且所有患儿术后恢复良好,无严重并发症发生。 结论先天性食管裂孔疝合并贫血患儿适当放宽手术指征,尽早完成手术根治先天性食管裂孔疝是治疗贫血的有效措施。     

Developmental outcomes of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A multicenter prospective study

Purpose

To determine developmental outcomes and associated factors in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) at 2 years of age.

Methods

This is a multicenter prospective study of a CDH birth cohort. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected. Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS-II) were performed at 2 years of age.

Results

BSID-III and VABS-II assessments were completed on 48 and 49 children, respectively. The BSID-III mean cognitive, language, and motor scores were significantly below the norm mean with average scores of 93 ± 15, 95 ± 16, and 95 ± 11. Ten percent (5/47) scored more than 2 standard deviations below the norm on one or more domains. VABS-II scores were similar to BSID-III scores with mean communication, daily living skills, social, motor, adaptive behavior scores of 97 ± 14, 94 ± 16, 93 ± 13, 97 ± 10, and 94 ± 14. For the BSID-III, supplemental oxygen at 28 days, a prenatal diagnosis, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and exclusive tube feeds at time of discharge were associated with lower scores. At 2 years of age, history of hospital readmission and need for tube feeds were associated with lower scores. Lower socioeconomic status correlated with lower developmental scores when adjusted for significant health factors.

Conclusion

CDH patients on average have lower developmental scores at 2 years of age compared to the norm. A need for ECMO, oxygen at 28 days of life, ongoing health issues and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with developmental delays.     

Cardiorespiratory complications after laparoscopic hernia repair in term and preterm babies

Purpose

The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence of postoperative complications in infants undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair within the first six months of life.

Methods

Retrospective, single-institution study comparing term and preterm babies undergoing surgery between March 2005 and September 2012. The charts were reviewed for postoperative complications and pre-existing diseases.

Results

In the term group 188 of 199 babies (94.5%) had an uneventful postoperative course. Eleven patients (5.5%) presented postoperative complications, three of them (1.5%) developed severe respiratory complications. A relation between pre-existing diseases and postoperative complications could be identified in two patients. Laparoscopy possibly induced cardiorespiratory instability in one infant.In the preterm group 109 of 137 babies (79.6%) had an uneventful postoperative course. 28 preterm infants (20.4%) developed postoperative complications, seven of them (5.1%) presented severe respiratory complications. Pre-existing diseases were identified as an influencing factor in 22 preterm infants. In one patient laparoscopy possibly caused minor instability of a pre-existing cardiac anomaly.

Conclusions

Postoperative complications are low in both groups, although the incidence is increased in preterm infants. Pre-existing diseases are a major influencing factor for preterm infants. In very few infants laparoscopy may have induced instability of cardiac anomalies.     

Characterization of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate mesh for hernia repair applications

Background

Phasix mesh is a fully resorbable implant for soft tissue reconstruction made from knitted poly-4-hydroxybutyrate monofilament fibers. The objectives of this study were to characterize the in vitro and in vivo mechanical and resorption properties of Phasix mesh over time, and to assess the functional performance in a porcine model of abdominal hernia repair.

Materials and methods

We evaluated accelerated in vitro degradation of Phasix mesh in 3 mol/L HCl through 120 h incubation. We also evaluated functional performance after repair of a surgically created abdominal hernia defect in a porcine model through 72 wk. Mechanical and molecular weight (MW) properties were fully characterized in both studies over time.

Results

Phasix mesh demonstrated a significant reduction in mechanical strength and MW over 120 h in the accelerated degradation in vitro test. In vivo, the Phasix mesh repair demonstrated 80%, 65%, 58%, 37%, and 18% greater strength, compared with native abdominal wall at 8, 16, 32, and 48 wk post-implantation, respectively, and comparable repair strength at 72 wk post-implantation despite a significant reduction in mesh MW over time.

Conclusions

Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that Phasix mesh provides a durable scaffold for mechanical reinforcement of soft tissue. Furthermore, a Phasix mesh surgical defect repair in a large animal model demonstrated successful transfer of load bearing from the mesh to the repaired abdominal wall, thereby successfully returning the mechanical properties of repaired host tissue to its native state over an extended time period.     

Development of an animal model to investigate optimal laparoscopic trocar site fascial closure

Background

The rate of hernia formation after closure of 10–12 mm laparoscopic trocar sites is grossly under-reported. Using an animal model, we have developed a method to assess trocar site fascial dehiscence and the strength of different methods of fascial closure.

Materials and methods

Pigs (n = 9; 17 ± 2.5 lbs) underwent placement of 12 mm Hasson trocars with pneumoperitoneum maintained for 1 h. Three closure techniques (Figure-of-eight; simple interrupted; pulley) were compared with no fascial closure and to native fascia at five randomly allocated abdominal wall midline locations. Necropsy was performed on the fourth postoperative d. Statistical comparisons of tensile strength and breaking strength based on closure type and trocar location were made using ANOVA with Tukey’s tests.

Results

The mean (SD) force (Newtons) required for fascial disruption varied significantly with closure type [Native Fascia 170 (39), Figure-of-eight 169 (31), Pulley 167 (59), Simple Interrupted 151 (27), No Closure 108 (28)]; P = 0.007. The mean force required for fascial disruption was significantly increased for Native Fascia, Figure-of-eight, and Pulley relative to No Closure (P = 0.013, P = 0.015, P = 0.023, respectively). The mean (SD) force (in Newtons) required for fascial disruption also varied significantly with location of trocar [subxiphoid 181 (43), supraumbilical 151 (23), Umbilical 146 (23), infraumbilical 168 (62), suprapubic 120 (38)]; P = 0.03. The mean force for subxiphoid location was significantly increased relative to the suprapubic location (P = 0.021).

Conclusions

We have developed a novel assessment model that reliably detects differences in fascial integrity after laparoscopic trocar placement and closure. This model will allow for further testing of various trocars and closure techniques, and facilitate hernia prevention strategies.     

腹腔镜免钉合经腹部分腹膜外网片植入术与经腹腹膜前修补术的疗效比较

目的:对比分析腹腔镜免钉合经腹部分腹膜外网片植入术(transabdominal partial extraperitoneal,TAPE)与腹腔镜经腹腹膜前修补术(transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP)的并发症及临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2007年7月至2010年6月为38例患者行免钉合TAPE(TAPE组)及为65例患者行TAPP(TAPP组)的临床资料,对比两组手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)及3年复发率。结果:两组患者手术时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);住院时间、住院费用、术后1周VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后半年TAPE组及TAPP组VAS评分分别为(0.37±0.13)分及(1.62±0.44)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);3年复发率分别为2.63%、3.08%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:免钉合TAPE及TAPP治疗腹股沟疝均是安全、有效的,免钉合TAPE在缩短手术时间及减少慢性疼痛方面具有一定优势。     

Proceed? Mesh for Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair

Background and Objectives:

Laparoscopic technique to repair ventral hernia offers advantages over conventional open surgery such as shorter recovery time, decreased pain, and lower recurrence rates. There are a myriad of meshes available for laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias. This study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias with Proceed mesh (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) in a single academic institution.

Methods:

An institutional review board–approved retrospective review was performed for 100 consecutive patients with ventral hernia who underwent a laparoscopic approach at our institution from August 2006 to February 2009. All patients were operated on by a single surgeon using a standard technique with transabdominal suture fixation and tacks.

Results:

The study included 100 consecutive patients (57 female and 43 male patients). The mean age was 55 years (range, 16–78 years), and the mean body mass index was 33.3 kg/m² (range, 19.6–68.9 kg/m²). Of the repairs, 27% were performed for a recurrent hernia. The mean and median size of the defect were 128 cm² and 119.5 cm² (range, 4–500 cm²), respectively. To ensure appropriate mesh overlap, the mean size of mesh was 253 cm² (range, 36–700 cm²). There were 4 conversions. The mean operative time was 117 minutes (range, 35–286 minutes). The mean length of stay was 1.9 days. There were no major abdominal complications. With a mean follow-up period of 50 months (range, 38–68 months), we have not recorded any recurrences. No mesh-related complications have been documented.

Conclusions:

The laparoscopic approach to ventral hernia repairs using Proceed mesh is associated with a low conversion rate and no major complications. At 50 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate is 0%. There were no mesh-related complications.     

腹部切口疝的诱因分析与治疗进展

腹部切口疝是腹部手术常见的并发症之一,腹部切口疝形成的两大直接原因是腹部手术切口愈合不良和腹内压升高,所以引起切口愈合不良和腹内压升高的因素都是切口疝的诱因.目前手术治疗是腹部切口疝唯一的根治方法,主要包括开放性手术和腹腔镜手术两种.本文对近年来腹部切口疝诱因、治疗方面的研究进行综述,并对其治疗前景进行展望.     

Autologous reconstruction of the inguinal ligament using pedicled fascia lata flap: A new technique

INTRODUCTIONA technique of reconstructing the inguinal ligament using a pedicled fascia lata flap is described.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 62-year-old man was referred with massive bilateral abdominal wall hernias, following numerous attempts at repair and subsequent recurrences. There was complete absence of the right inguinal ligament.The inguinal ligament was reconstructed using a strip of fascia lata, pedicled on the anterior superior iliac spine. This was transposed to cover the external iliac vessels, and sutured to the pubic tubercle. The musculoaponeurotic abdominal wall was reconstructed with two 20 cm × 20 cm sheets of porcine acellular dermal matrix and an overlying sheet of polypropylene mesh, sutured to the remaining abdominal wall muscles laterally, and to both inguinal ligaments. The cutaneous abdominal wall was closed with an abdominoplasty technique.The reconstruction has remained intact nine months following surgery.DISCUSSIONComplete destruction of the inguinal ligament is rare but can occur following multiple operative procedures or trauma. To date, the only published reports of inguinal ligament reconstruction have been performed using synthetic mesh. The use of autologous tissue should reduce the risk of erosion into the neurovascular bundle, seroma formation, and enhance integration into surrounding tissues.CONCLUSIONThis new technique for autologous reconstruction of the inguinal ligament provides a safe alternative to the use of synthetic mesh in the operative armamentarium of plastic and hernia surgeons.