肝癌的介入放射学治疗（附40例分析）

目的：观察肝动脉灌注＋栓塞治疗肝癌的疗效及生存率。方法：经确诊的原发性肝癌25例,转移性肝癌15例均采取动脉灌注治疗,后行碘化油乳剂或悬混剂＋明胶海绵栓塞。结果：1年的生存率48％,2年的生存率为38％,CR为55％,PR为38．2％,PD为6．8％,结论：肝癌的（TAI）＋栓塞（TAE）治疗为肝癌的有效治疗手段之一。     

Dopamine,dopexamine and dobutamine in liver transplant recipients: a comparison of their effects on hemodynamics,oxygen transport and hepatic venous oxygen saturation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vasoactive treatment with dopamine (DO), dopexamine (DX), and dobutamine (DOB) on hemodynamics, oxygen transport and hepatic venous oxygen saturation (SvhO₂) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). A pulmonary artery catheter was inserted into the right hepatic vein of 17 OLT patients. Timed infusion of DO, DX, and DOB was performed at the following rates: DO at 4 and 8 g/kg per minute, and DOB at 5 and 10 g/kg per minute. Hemodynamics, oxygen transport variables, and SvhO₂ were assessed. Each catecholamine induced a significant increase in cardiac index, oxygen delivery, and SvhO₂. Mean arterial pressure was increased during DO and DOB, but significantly reduced during DX. Each inotrope increased oxygen delivery in parallel with SvhO₂, suggesting a corresponding increase in hepatic oxygen supply. Therefore, it appears that each vasoactive drug may be utilized in OLT patients to provide oxgen delivery without impairment of splanchnic oxygenation.     

Steady-state kinetics of imipramine in patients

Steady-state plasma level kinetics were studied in 76 patients given imipramine (IP) 150 to 225 mg/day for 2–5 weeks. IP was given in three divided doses at 8.00 a.m., 1.00 p.m. and 5.00 p.m. Plasma concentrations of IP and its active metabolite desipramine (DMI) were determined by quantitative in situ thin-layer chromatography. The plasma levels of IP and DMI showed pronounced flucutations throughout the day with a ratio of about 2 between highest and lowest level. Patients with steady-state levels of IP and/or DMI below 50 g/l reached this within 1 week of treatment. Patients with higher steady-state levels reached steady-state concentrations within 2–3 weeks. There were some intraindividual fluctuations in plasma levels from week to week after steady state had been reached (coefficient of variation: 10–20%). Interindividually, the steady-state levels corrected to a dose of 3.5 mg/kg per day varied considerably: IP: 6–356 g/l, DMI: 24–659 g/l and IP+DMI: 58–809 g/l. The steady-state plasma levels showed a skew distribution that became normal by logarithmic transformation. The IP/DMI ratio ranged from 0.07 to 5.5 with a median value of 0.47. Compared to data from amitriptyline treated patients the IP/DMI ratios had significantly lower median value and larger variation than the corresponding plasma level ratios of amitriptyline/nortriptyline. Several statistically significant differences in steady-state levels between age groups were found. For IP: Women aged 30–39 had lower levels than women aged 20–29, 40–49, and 50–59, and men aged 50–59 and 60–65; men aged 30–39 had lower levels than men aged 60–65. For DMI: Women aged 30–39 had lower levels than women aged 50–59.     

抗纤软肝冲剂对肝星状细胞胶原降解相关基因表达的影响

目的 从细胞分子水平研究抗纤软肝冲剂对肝星状细胞(HSC)胶原降解的影响。方法 抗纤软肝冲剂药物血清温育传一代HSC，以生理盐水和秋水仙碱为对照。ELISA法测定细胞上清I型胶原，并测定细胞层总蛋白以校正胶原含量；半定量RT—PCR法检测间质胶原酶(MMN)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1）的mRNA表达。结果 抗纤软肝冲剂组细胞上清中的I型胶原含量明显低于其他两组(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)；明显促进细胞MMN的mRNA表达(P＜0．05或P＜0.01)，显著抑制细胞TIMP-1的mRNA表达(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)。结论 抗纤软肝冲剂能促进MMN基因表达，抑制TIMP-1基因表达，从而促进胶原降解，这可能是该方抗肝纤维化的细胞分子学机制之一。     

磁导向载体阿霉素介入治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究

目的：观察磁导向载体阿霉素(MTC-DOX)肝动脉介入治疗原发性肝癌的有效性和安全性。方法：将Seldinger导管超选择插入肿瘤供血肝动脉，以脉冲给药的方式注入MTC-DOX，21天为一周期，连续用药2周期以上按照WHO标准进行评价。结果：不能手术的原发性肝癌患共11例入组，10例可以评价疗效，治疗后NC7例，PD3例，中位肿瘤进展时间(TTP)为182天，有3例临床症状减轻，有4例生活质量改善，1年生存率达到54．5％；11例可以评价毒性，毒副反应均较轻，主要为轻中度的肝区疼痛和发热，少数患有胃肠道反应和一过性转氨酶升高。结论：采用磁导向载体阿霉素介入治疗原发性肝癌靶向性特别好，疗效明显，同时毒性反应轻微，值得进一步研究。     

菲立磁增强MRI对肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨菲立磁增强MRI检查在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用价值.方法:对34例临床怀疑有肝脏占位性病变,行常规MR或CT检查诊断困难的患者行菲立磁增强MR检查.用定量的方法研究增强前后T1WI及T2WI图像上病灶信号强度的变化,采用配对t检验分析其变化的显著性.结果:增强后肝脏实质T2WI信号明显降低,良、恶性病变的信号变化不同.病变的检出量增加,显示更清楚.结论:菲立磁增强MR检查可明显提高肝脏局灶性病变的检出率及鉴别诊断的准确性.     

18例大肠癌肝转移高强度聚焦超声治疗的临床观察

目的:研究高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗大肠癌肝转移病灶的安全性和有效性.方法:18例大肠癌术后肝转移患者31个病灶行HIFU治疗,观察患者生命体征、主要脏器功能、影像学检查(CT或MRI等)、并发症和肿瘤转归的情况.结果:所有患者生命体征平稳,肝、肾功能正常,平均随访16.1个月(6～38个月),失访2例,生存13例,12、18个月生存率分别为83.3%和66.7%,中位生存期16个月;随访25个病灶中,17个肿瘤块缩小超过50%,有5例出现新的转移灶,8例出现皮肤浅Ⅱ度烧伤.结论:HIFU治疗是一种安全、有效和非侵入性治疗大肠癌肝转移病灶的手段.     

中药双利肝在肝纤维化与肝硬化形成中的作用

目的探讨中药双利肝在肝纤维化与肝硬化发展中的作用。方法采用大鼠饮用TAA(0.03%)4个月复制肝硬化动物模型,从第4个月始加用中药双利肝合剂灌胃,进行内毒素水平、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-琢、内皮素(ET)-1及一氧化氮(NO)的检测,以及组织学观察。结果用中药双利肝治疗后,内毒素水平、TNF-琢、ET-1及NO均有明显下降;肝组织胶原蛋白含量显著减少。结论中药双利肝通过抑制细胞因子介导的细胞-细胞相互作用所引起的肝星状细胞(HSC)激活,从而间接抑制肝纤维增生。     

论僵蚕的不良反应

僵蚕的不良反应有过敏反应、腹胀不良反应，有出血倾向者和肝昏迷患者应慎用。古代文献中有僵蚕的“恶”、“忌”等论述，应根据病情选择适宜剂量。