再次肝移植手术临床病例分析:附六例

目的 探讨影响再次肝移植预后的因素及再次移植手术问题.方法 回顾性总结2000年7月至2006年4月北京大学第三医院完成的6例再次肝移植病例临床资料,分析再次肝移植的原因、手术方法及病人转归.结果 6例再次肝移植的原因中:移植肝肝癌复发1例,乙型肝炎复发1例,慢性排斥反应2例,肝动脉血栓形成1例,药物性肝损害1例;再次肝移植时间距第一次肝移植平均(12.9±10.0)个月;术中出血平均(14 050±8 215)m1;平均手术时间(12.7±2.0)h.围手术期死亡3例.结论 再次肝移植病人术前一般情况差,手术风险大,正确把握手术时机及手术适应证,术中精细操作,减少出血,手术后采取个体化免疫抑制剂治疗方案等是提高再次肝移植病人存活率的关键因素.     

5-α还原酶抑制剂减少经尿道前列腺电切术中出血的临床观察

目的探讨5-α还原酶抑制剂对减少TURP术中出血的作用。方法对60例需接受TURP术的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例，测定术中冲洗液Hb浓度，计算术中的失血量，治疗组患者术前口服5-α还原酶抑制剂爱普列特1周。结果治疗组患者失血量和冲洗液量均明显小于对照组（P〈0.05），且术中视野满意度、输血率及继发性出血率均明显减低。结论5-α还原酶抑制剂可有效减少TURP术中出血。     

探讨磁敏感加权成像在弥漫性轴索损伤中出血灶的应用价值

目的：探讨磁敏感加权成像在弥漫性轴索损伤患者出血灶的检出的应用价值。方法：对29例临床诊断弥漫性轴索损伤的成人患者进行头部SWI扫描,将脑分为九区,按分区的不同统计检出的出血灶数目,分析应用SWI所检出的出血灶数目与GCS分组间以及昏迷时间的相关性。结果：应用SWI所检出的DAI患者的出血灶的数目,对成人DAI患者研究结果示,除小脑外,其他脑分区出血灶数与GCS有相关性;除小脑及丘脑外,其他脑分区出血灶数与昏迷时间有相关性。结论：SWI对弥漫性轴索损伤中出血灶检出与GCS及昏迷时间相关性,可为临床诊疗及预后判断提供强有力的依据。     

术前选择性动脉栓塞脊柱肿瘤患者术中出血量影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响术前选择性动脉栓塞脊柱肿瘤患者术中出血量的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月济宁医学院附属医院及山西医科大学第二医院90例行术前选择性动脉栓塞的脊柱肿瘤切除患者的临床资料,采用多元线性回归方法分析术中出血量的影响因素。结果:不同肿瘤血供丰度、不同肿瘤累及椎体数的术前选择性动脉栓塞脊...     

A conservative surgical approach for management of iatrogenic pulmonary artery perforation

Accidental malposition of a chest tube in the pulmonary artery is a potentially fatal complication. Here we describe a 66 year-old obese woman with prior cardiac transplantation, intubated for respiratory failure and felt to have a large left pleural effusion. A chest tube was inserted using a trocar tube, and resulted in near-exsanguinating hemorrhage immediately, with development of hypovolemic shock. Prompt clamping of the tube proved life-saving, and CT scan confirmed placement of the tube in the main pulmonary artery. Initial stabilization, followed by a planned surgical approach, resulted in successful removal of the tube.     

双气囊小肠镜诊断不明原因消化道出血的临床研究

背景:双气囊小肠镜(DBE)是诊断不明原因消化道出血(OGIB)的常用方法,不同地区OGIB病因有所差异。目的:评价DBE诊断OGIB的有效性和安全性,分析湖北地区OGIB患者的病因特点。方法:收集2006年12月～2012年1月武汉大学人民医院诊断为OGIB的216例患者,并接受DBE检查,对诊断结果、治疗、随访、并发症等进行回顾性分析。结果:DBE的诊断率为80.6%(174/216),并发症发生率为1.9%(4/216),DBE对76.8%(166/216)患者的治疗策略产生影响。湖北地区常见的OGIB病因依次为憩室/重复畸形(23.1%)、肿瘤(21.8%)、溃疡/糜烂(21.8%)、息肉(5.6%)等。结论:DBE是一种安全、有效的OGIB诊断方法。湖北地区OGIB病因以憩室/重复畸形、肿瘤、溃疡/糜烂较为常见。     

剖宫产合并子宫肌瘤切除术40例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产时行子宫肌瘤切除术的安全性及可行性。方法 40例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者(治疗组)行剖宫产合并子宫肌瘤切除术;对42例妊娠无子宫肌瘤患者(对照组)行剖宫产术。比较2组手术时间及术中出血情况。结果治疗组手术时间为(59.12±6.29)min长于对照组的(31.24±5.21)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于经验丰富的医师,恰当把握适应证,对于妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者在剖宫产术时行子宫肌瘤切除术是安全可行的。     

ACD - A solution as anticoagulant during continuous renal replacement therapy in high risk bleeding patients

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of ACD-A solution as anticoagulant during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in high risk of bleeding patients. MethodsForty high risk bleeding patients on continuous veno - venous hemofiltration (CVVH) were randomly divided into two groups: ACD-A group (22 patients, 61 cases) and heparin-free group (18 patients, 47 cases). Serum creatinine, function of the coagulation system, electrolyte and acid-base were monitored pre - and post - CVVH. The vital signs of the patients during treatment, dialyser clotting and the incidence of bleeding episodes were recorded. Results(1) The serum level of creatinine decreased significantly after treatment in both groups, but the rate of decrease was obviously higher in ACD-A group than that in heparin - free group[(55.4±10.2)% vs (42.0±5.2)%, P＝0.031]. (2) The average duration of CVVH treatment was (17.3±3.8) h in ACD-A group and (9.7±4.5) h in heparin-free group. There was significant difference between them (P＝0.019). The frequency of dialyzer clotting was much higher in heparin-free group than that in ACD-A group (88% vs 4.9%, P＜0.001). (3) There was no significant difference in the function of the coagulation system between pre- and post-CVVH in either group (P＞0.05). (4) Electrolyte, acid-base and glucose tended to be stable during the treatment in ACD -A group. (5) The vital signs were kept stable and no bleeding episodes were found in all patients of two groups. ConclusionsAnticoagulation with ACD-A is safe, effective and convenient for CRRT in critically ill patients at high risk of bleeding. The occurrence of complications can be reduced by configurating appropriate replacement fluid and close laboratory monitoring.     

The effect of variable heart rate decelerations on intraventricular hemorrhage and other perinatal outcomes in preterm infants

Objective: We investigated the hypothesis that repetitive variable heart rate decelerations in labor are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal complications in premature infants. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. Singleton fetuses weighing between 750 and 2500 g at 25-35 weeks' gestation were considered for the study. Fetuses delivered by Cesarean section prior to labor were excluded. Heart rate traces were retrieved from an electronic archive and were assessed for the presence of variable decelerations. Cases had at least three variable decelerations in the hour prior to delivery and were matched 1 : 1 with controls for gestation, sex and birth weight. Results: A review of 6500 deliveries yielded 41 matched pairs. The groups were compared for the following outcomes. Measures of acute morbidity were cord pH at delivery, 5-min Apgar score and resuscitation; measures of chronic morbidity were intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis and death. There was no difference in measures of acute morbidity between the groups. The incidence of chronic morbid outcome measures in the cases was six (15%) vs. one (2.5%) in controls ( p = 0.01). Conclusions: This study suggests that variable decelerations in preterm infants are associated with chronic morbidity, particularly intraventricular hemorrhage through a mechanism independent of fetal acidemia. Further study is required to determine whether these infants would benefit from early Cesarean section.