肺结核大咯血支气管动脉栓塞治疗的远期疗效观察

目的评价支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的远期疗效。方法42例均为继发性肺结核，双侧肺结核27例，单侧肺结核15例。采用支气管动脉插管造影，证实为出血动脉后，将PVA微粒或丝线段缓慢注入靶血管内，直至血流停止。结果一次栓基后34例达到立即止血的目的，7例咯血明显减少，1例无效，近期有效率97．6％，无严重并发症：术后随访6月～7年，24例达临床治愈，显效7例，有效5例，复发6例，远期有效率85．7％结论支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血是一安全、迅速有效的治疗方法，远期止血效果好，并发症少，结合抗痨治疗有利于巩固疗效。     

介入治疗肺结核大咯血的临床价值研究

目的:探讨介入治疗肺结核大咯血的临床疗效。方法:16例经内科药物止血治疗无效的肺结核大咯血患者,咯血史1~10年,发病时咯血量300~600ml。采用Seldinger技术,用明胶海绵为栓塞材料,行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗。结果:16例患者有13例一次栓塞成功,3例复发,经再次栓塞后出血停止。结论:选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗是对内科治疗无效的肺结核急性大咯血安全、有效的救治方法。     

肺结核与支气管扩张症咯血的支气管动脉栓塞治疗

目的 探讨肺结核和支气管扩张症咯血的支气管动脉差异与栓塞方法。方法 临床治疗肺结核咯血25例,支气管扩张症咯血15例,行选择性支气管动脉造影并对病变血管用明胶海绵行栓塞术,32例加用弹簧圈。结果 40例咯血,共对63支有出血征象的动脉行BAE,即时止血率92．5％（37／40）。肺结核咯血以体-肺血管分流多见,支气管扩张症以血管增粗、扭曲多见。结论 肺结核咯血BAE宜注重小血管栓塞,支气管扩张症咯血BAE宜以主干栓塞为主。     

支气管扩张咳血患者的护理研究

目的：探讨支气管扩张咳血患者的护理方法和效果。方法：将2011年7月至2013年7月收治的46例支气管扩张咳血患者随机分为护理组和对照组,每组23例。对两组患者进行相同的临床治疗,对护理组患者实施全面、规范化的护理,观察并对比临床效果。结果：护理组患者的治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论：对支气管扩张咳血患者进行临床监护、健康教育、心理指导、生活指导、饮食运动等方面的护理,对提高治疗有效率具有重要作用,值得推广。     

Successful bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils for hemoptysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

A 58-year-old woman with bronchiectasis presented with massive hemoptysis and severe respiratory failure, which required long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with continuous heparin infusion. Bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils, which provide a greater volume occlusion than bare platinum coils, was performed; hemoptysis stopped and she fully recovered. No recanalization was observed on follow-up computed tomography angiography 2 months postbronchial artery embolization, and there had been no recurrence of bleeding at the time of this report (at least 6 months). Although continuous anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might hinder complete vessel occlusion by metallic coils or induce early recanalization (because the homeostatic mechanism of coils depends on the patient''s coagulability), our experience showed that bronchial artery embolization using hydrogel coils was effective and safe. Additionally, this case presents a successful example of anticoagulation management for patients with hemoptysis on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation who undergo bronchial artery embolization using coils.     

支气管扩张大咯血DSA特点及栓塞治疗

目的探讨支气管扩张(支扩)大咯血病变动脉DSA表现特点及栓塞治疗疗效。方法35例支扩大咯血患者,参考胸片、CT等影像资料行选择性支气管动脉及其他目标血管DSA检查,根据造影表现行病变动脉栓塞治疗,栓塞材料为PVA和(或)明胶海绵颗粒(条),术后随访疗效。结果①DSA表现:病变血管单独为支气管动脉占74.3%,合并非支气管体循环动脉22.9%,单独为非支气管动脉2.9%,异常动脉数量为1～5(平均1.8)支/例。显示出血直接征象25.7%,间接征象100%。②栓塞情况及疗效:栓塞34例共61支病变血管;应用微导管16例。1例3d内栓塞2次无效,3个月内复发4例,3个月后复发2例,栓塞治疗总有效率为85.3%,复发率为20.6%,无脊髓损伤等严重并发症。结论支扩大咯血DSA检查阳性率高,参考造影特点行选择性病变动脉栓塞治疗安全性好,疗效确切。     

38例咯血患者的病因分析

本文通过对38例咯血患者的病因分析,提示:CT对轻度支气管扩张的诊断不够敏感,但对位于特殊部位,如脊柱旁、心影后、肺尖等部位的支气管扩张及肿瘤诊断价值较大.纤维支气管镜对支气管腔内肿瘤及内膜结核的诊断有其优越性,但对亚段以下支气管扩张有局限性.支气管造影对轻度支气管扩张及支气管扩张术前定位仍优于其它检查.     

Punch biopsy or fine needle aspiration biopsy in percutaneous puncture

Purpose: The diagnostic accuracy and rate of complications of CT-guided core biopsies (CB) from suspected tumors of the chest were compared to the accuracy a complications of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB). Methods: The accuracy in the diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion of 79 FNAB (19.5 G self-aspirating cutting needle) and of 83 CB (18 G automated core biopsy) and the rates of pneumothorax, pleural drainage and hemoptysis were retrospectively evaluated. Results: With FNAB, the sensitivity for malignant lesions was 62.1 % and the accuracy 68.4 %. With CB the sensitivity amounted to 85.9 % and accuracy to 86.7 %. The rate of pneumothorax was 25.3 % following FNAB, with a drainage rate of 5.1 % compared to 19.3 % and 6.0 %, respectively, following CB. The rate of pneumothorax and drainage increased with increasing path length through aerated lung. In advanced emphysema, the pneumothorax rate did not increase; however, in pneumothoraces, pleural drainage was mandatory in 20 % of FNAB and in 100 % of CB. Hemoptysis without any therapeutic consequences occurred in 3.8 % following FNAB and in 6.0 % following CB. Conclusions: With CB diagnostic accuracy can be clearly increased without an obvious increase in the complication rate. However, in patients with obvious emphysema, the pleural drainage rate of pneumothorax may be higher following CB.      

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血26例分析

目的：评价支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床疗效。方法：26例大咯血患者，咯血量300～1200ml／24h，平均420ml／24h，其中肺癌12例，支气管扩张6例，肺结核2例，肺棘球蚴病1例，肺血管畸形5例。采用改良Seldinger方法行选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞材料使用明胶海绵颗粒或PVA，血管粗大者加用明胶海绵条。常规行患侧锁骨下动脉、肋间动脉及对侧支气管动脉造影。以了解有无多支供血，发现供血血管则尽量行超选择插管栓塞治疗。肺癌患者根据不同病理类型行常规化疗灌注。结果：18例一次栓塞成功，3例两次栓塞成功，5例肺癌咯血栓塞后出血量明显减少。栓塞术后即时止血率80．77％，近期复发率7．69％，中远期复发率23．08％。结论：支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血即时止血和近期疗效满意，中远期复发与栓塞材料吸收和原发病有关。     

催产素联合立止血治疗大咯血临床分析

目的 :探讨催产素联合立止血抢救大咯血的治疗作用。方法 :68例患者随机分为两组 ,治疗组应用催产素静脉滴入并立止血静推治疗 ;对照组应用垂体后叶素合用安络血治疗。结果 :治疗组显效率、总有效率明显高于对照组 (P<0 05) ;平均止血时间比对照组短 ,副作用少。结论 :催产素联合立止血治疗大咯血止血效果明显 ,副作用少 ,是治疗大咯血的有效方法。