Hemoptysis Due to Breath-Hold Diving Following Chemotherapy and Lung Irradiation

Breath-hold diving, also known as free-diving, describes the practice of intentional immersion under water without an external supply of oxygen. Pulmonary hemorrhage with hemoptysis has been reported as a complication of immersion and breath-hold diving in young healthy athletes. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with a history of radiation and chemotherapy for breast carcinoma, who developed the abrupt onset of hemoptysis in the setting of swimming and breath-hold diving. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest demonstrated an area of ground glass opacification, suggestive of pulmonary hemorrhage, superimposed on a background of reticular opacities within the prior radiation field. A follow-up CT scan of the chest, obtained 2 months after presentation, demonstrated resolution of the ground glass opacification, but persistence of fibrotic features attributable to prior radiation therapy. We postulate that prior irradiation of the chest resulted in lung injury and fibrosis which, in turn, rendered the affected region of the lung susceptible to “stress failure,” due to an increase in the transcapillary pressure gradient arising from immersion and breath-hold diving. Patients with a history of lung injury resulting from chest irradiation should be cautioned about pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis as a potential complication of swimming and breath-hold diving.     

服用华法林而致咯血患者的药学监护

目的探讨服用华法林导致出血不良事件的药学监护内容以及临床药师参与药物治疗的模式。方法对服用华法林而致出血的病例,临床药师协助临床医师寻找出血原因,并对其治疗全过程进行监护。结果经药师仔细询问该患者用药史建立用药与INR时间表后,判断出血受药物相互不良作用影响较大,并进行治疗药物优化建议和密切监护出血情况后,患者康复出院。结论临床药师积极参与临床实践,作为药物治疗团队中的一员,可利用药学特长协助临床医师做出药物相关性疾病的诊断,共同监护药物治疗的有效性、安全性和依从性,体现了临床药师价值。     

138例咯血患者的胸部X线检查与纤维支气管镜检查对照分析

１３８例咯血患者的胸部Ｘ线检查发现异常９０例。经纤维支气管镜（纤支镜）检查主要结果：炎症５９例（４２．８％）、支气管肺癌４１例（２９．７％）、结核１０例（７．２％）及其它２８例（２０．３％）。纤维支气管镜检查对明确病灶性质及咯血原因提供重要依据的有１１６例（８４．１％）。     

大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞的栓塞材料研究进展

支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）是将栓塞材料定向注入支气管动脉,封闭责任血管,达到迅速止血的效果,现已成为针对大咯血内科保守治疗无效时的首选治疗手段,目前临床上所使用的栓塞材料种类繁多,可以适应不同的部位、不同的病因、不同的病变基础,种类包括机械栓塞材料弹簧圈、液体栓塞材料氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）、广泛应用的明胶海绵（GSA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）颗粒以及逐渐推广的各型微球。该文旨在对栓塞材料的种类、特性、应用范围以及各自的优缺点做一综述。     

比较隐源性咯血和慢性肺结核咯血动脉造影表现及栓塞治疗效果

目的比较顽固性隐源性咯血(CH)和慢性肺结核(CTB)咯血的动脉造影表现特点及介入栓塞治疗效果。方法对17例顽固性CH患者(CH组)及20例CTB咯血患者(TB组)行责任血管栓塞,比较两组责任血管数目、非支气管体循环动脉(NBSA)参与供血血管数目、血管造影表现及栓塞后中远期效果。结果 TB组人均责任血管数目、NBSA参与供血血管数目多于CH组(t'=5.469,t=5.212,P0.01);TB组血管增粗、纡曲、富血管化、BP分流及动静脉瘘的发生率均高于CH组(P均0.05)。TB组术后2年复发率高于CH组(P0.01)。CH组和TB组并发症发生率分别为64.71%(11/17)、95.00%(19/20),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论支气管动脉是CH的主要责任血管。CTB咯血因存在大量NBSA供血,责任血管复杂。CTB咯血复发率高,与栓塞不彻底有关。根据造影特点选择栓塞剂及决定栓塞程度可预防严重并发症。     

普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗肺癌咯血的临床观察

目的观察普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗肺癌咯血的效果。方法将52例肺癌咯血患者随机分为观察组28例及对照组24例．观察组采用普鲁卡因联合化疗治疗,对照组采用单纯化疗,比较两组疗效。结果观察组有效率为89.3％,对照组有效率为62．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论普鲁卡因联合化疗可明显改善肺癌患者的咯血症状,值得推广应用。