肝血管瘤血流动力学特征与个性化介入治疗的临床研究

目的探讨肝血管瘤血流动力学特征与个性化介入治疗的临床价值。方法 2007年1月～2010年2月,对81例肝血管瘤应用彩色多普勒血流显像（color Doppler flow imaging,CDFI）进行血流动力学评估,根据CDFI将其分为三型：富血供型、少血供型、乏血供型。根据CDFI评估结果采取个性化介入治疗方案：富血供型肝血管瘤行肝动脉栓塞术,采用平阳霉素超液化碘化油乳剂行肝动脉栓塞;乏血供和少血供型肝血管瘤,超声引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注入平阳霉素,分3次治疗,间隔10 d（瘤体≤7.0 cm,药物剂量分别为16、24、16 mg;瘤体〉7.0 cm,药物剂量分别为16、24、24 mg）。结果 CDFI示富血供型占25.9%（21/81）,少血供型占54.3%（44/81）,乏血供型占19.8%（16/81）。60例乏血供和少血供型肝血管瘤,采用超声引导下经皮肝穿刺瘤内注入平阳霉素,术后6个月瘤体消失21例（CR）,39例形成1.5～1.0 cm的瘢痕结节（PR）,总有效率100%。21例富血供型肝血管瘤行肝动脉栓塞,术后6个月19例瘤体缩小率〉75%（PR）,2例瘤体缩小50%左右（WR）,总有效率90.5%（19/21）。结论应用CDFI评估肝血管瘤的血流动力学特征,并以此为依据采取个性化介入治疗方案,在肝血管瘤介入治疗中具有重要的临床价值。     

风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者体外循环前、后肺血流动力学改变

目的：观察风湿性心脏病（风心病）重度肺动脉高压患者体外循环（ＣＰＢ）前、后肺血流动力学变化规律。方法：体外循环前、后用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测１５例风心病重度肺动脉高压患者肺血流动力学参数。结果：ＣＰＢ前肺动脉压为３．７／２．３～１１．６／６．０ｋＰａ（２８／１７～８７／４５ｍｍＨｇ），ＣＰＢ后为２．９／１．１～１１．８／５．５ｋＰａ（２２／８～８９／４１ｍｍＨｇ）。二尖瓣替换术后肺动脉收缩压无明显降低（－９％，Ｐ＞０．０５），肺动脉舒张压（－２０％）和平均压（－１４％）均明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肺血管阻力（ＰＶＲ）在ＣＰＢ前高达６０．３±４０．９ｋＰａ·ｓ／Ｌ，ＣＰＢ后明显降低（－４０％，Ｐ＜０．０５）。回归方程为：ＣＰＢ后ＰＶＲ＝０．５４６ＰＶＲｂ＋２３．２４，Ｒ２＝０．６５１（ＰＶＲｂ为肺血管阻力基础值）。鱼精蛋白静脉用药１０例，肺动脉压升高者４例；动脉用药５例，均未发现肺动脉压改变。结论：风心病肺动脉高压患者术后大部分ＰＶＲ不能恢复正常。动脉系统用药可减少肝素鱼精蛋白复合物引起的不良反应。     

Cyclic strain delays the expression of tissue factor induced by thrombin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

Most studies of tissue factor (TF) expression in endothelial cells (EC) are performed under stationary culture conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mechanical stimuli such as cyclic strain (CS) on the expression of TF in EC exposed to thrombin (Thr). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to 4 U·mL⁻¹ Thr in the presence or absence of 10% average CS at 60 cycles·min⁻¹ and then TF expression was measured. TF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression peaked at 2 hours in HUVEC exposed to Thr, but at 4 hours in HUVEC exposed to both Thr + CS. TF expression was inhibited by p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitors. For both Thr or Thr + CS stimuli, p38 and ERK activity peaked at 5 minutes (p < 0.05). Nuclear factor-kappa B levels remained high in the Thr group but not in the Thr + CS group, while Egr-1 levels were elevated in the Thr + CS group. We demonstrated CS-delayed, Thr-induced TF mRNA expression in HUVEC, which may be modulated by p38 and ERK inhibitors.     

依那普利对犬急性右心室心肌梗死心源性休克血流动力学指标的作用

目的观察依那普利、单纯补液对急性右心室心肌梗死(RVMI)心源性休克时血流动力学指标的作用。方法结扎犬冠状动脉造成大面积RVMI并发心源性休克模型。随机分为对照组、补液组、依那普利组。观察各组正常时、梗死后即刻及给药后即刻、1h、1周时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心排血量(CO)、右心房压力(RAP)、右心室收缩压(RVSP)等血流动力学指标,并评价疗效。结果快速补液后,RAP进一步升高,加重了血流动力学变化。依那普利治疗后RAP降低,CO增加,血流动力学变化得以改善。结论大面积RVMI心源性休克时,快速扩容治疗在RAP≥13mmHg时会进一步损害左、右心室功能,依那普利可降低右心后负荷,增加CO,能有效纠正休克。     

硬膜外阻滞联合全身麻醉对老年高危患者血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外阻滞复合全麻应用于老年高危患者手术的可行性.方法 39例老年高危病人,ASAⅡ-Ⅳ级,根据病人手术部位选择硬膜外穿刺,注入1.5%～1.7%利多卡因4～6 ml,5～10 min,测定阻滞平面加局麻药,使阻滞平面在控制需要范围.全麻诱导用咪唑安定0.1～0.15 mg/kg、依托咪酯乳剂0.2～0.6 mg/kg、芬太尼2～5 μg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg.全麻维持根据临床情况选用0.1 mg%芬太尼加4 mg%维库溴铵输注5～15 ml/h,间断注入维库溴铵维持肌松.多功能监护仪监测心血管功能.结果 硬膜外阻滞复合全麻应用于老年患者手术,麻醉诱导时血压下降,经过补充液体后可纠正.结论 硬膜外阻滞复合全麻用于老年患者行手术血流动力学较为稳定,应激反应小,全麻药用量和术后躁动减少.但是老年高危病人注意用小剂量、低浓度的局麻药.     

颈部内镜手术充CO2和氦气对代谢和血流动力学的影响

目的：通过兔颈部灌注CO2和氦气（He）,检测不同压力和灌注持续时间对动物代谢、血流动力学各项指标的影响。方法：将15只新西兰兔随机分成5组,每组3只,分别为5mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）COz组、10mmHg CO2组、15mmHg CO2组、15mmHg He组及对照组（颈部不充气）。分别在充气前（T0）,充气后45min（T1）、90min（T2）和放气后30min（T3）记录PaCO2、pH、HR、MAP和CVP。结果：5mmHg CO2组各项检测指标均无明显变化;10mmHg CO2组在T1和T2时PaCO2显著升高（P〈0．01）;15mmHg CO2组在T1和T2时Pa CO2、PH和CVP显著升高（均P〈0．01）,T3时仍高于T0（P〈0．01或P〈0.05）。15mmHg He组在T2时CVP显著升高（P〈0．05）,T3时回落到基线水平。各组的HR和MAP在各时间点均无显著变化。结论：在颈部内镜手术中将CO2充气压力控制在10mmHg以下是安全的;当需要更大压力时,应尽可能将压力控制在15mmHg以下,并严格限制充气时间;He由于溶解度低应慎用。     

Effect of acute endotoxemia on analog estimates of mean systemic pressure

Dynamic estimates of mean systemic pressure based on a Guytonian analog model (Pmsa) appear accurate under baseline conditions but may not remain so during septic shock because blood volume distribution and resistances between arterial and venous beds may change. Thus, we examined the effect of acute endotoxemia on the ability of Pmsa, estimated from steady-state cardiac output, right atrial pressure, and mean arterial pressure, to reflect our previously validated instantaneous venous return measure of mean systemic pressure (Pmsi), derived from beat-to-beat measures of right ventricular stroke volume and right atrial pressure during positive pressure ventilation. We studied 6 splenectomized pentobarbital-anesthetized close chested dogs. Right ventricular stroke volume was measured by a pulmonary arterial electromagnetic flow probe. Instantaneous venous return measure of mean systemic pressure and Pmsa were calculated during volume loading and removal (± 100-mL bolus increments × 5) both before (control) and 30 minutes after endotoxin infusion (endo). Cardiac output increased (2628 ± 905 vs 3560 ± 539 mL/min; P < .05) and mean arterial pressure decreased (107 ± 16 vs 56 ± 12 mm Hg; P < .01) during endo. Changes in Pmsi and Pmsa correlated during both control and endo (r² = 0.7) with minimal bias by Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference ± 95% confidence interval, 0.47 ± 5.04 mm Hg). We conclude that changes in Pmsa accurately tracts Pmsi under both control and endo.     

Women and men exhibit different cortical activation patterns during mental rotation tasks

The strongest sex differences on any cognitive task, favoring men, are found for tasks that require the mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. A number of studies have explored functional brain activation during mental rotation tasks, and sex differences have been noted in some. However, in these studies there was a substantial confounding factor because male and female subjects differed in overall performance levels. In contrast, our functional brain activation study examined cortical activation patterns for males and females who did not differ in overall level of performance on three mental rotation tasks. This allowed us to eliminate any confounding influences of overall performance levels. Women exhibited significant bilateral activations in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior and inferior parietal lobule, as well as in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and the premotor areas. Men showed significant activation in the right parieto-occitpital sulcus (POS), the left intraparietal sulcus and the left superior parietal lobule (SPL). Both men and women showed activation of the premotor areas but men also showed an additional significant activation of the left motor cortex. No significant activation was found in the inferior temporal gyrus. Our results suggest that there are genuine between-sex differences in cerebral activation patterns during mental rotation activities even when performances are similar. Such differences suggest that the sexes use different strategies in solving mental rotation tasks.     

颈动脉支架成形术中血液动力学的变化及其对策

目的:观察颈动脉支架成形术中血液动力学不稳定的发生率及其相关因素。方法:15例症状性颈动脉狭 窄患者在行血管内支架成形术时,观察其血压、心率的变化以及药物控制的疗效、围手术期有无并发症。结果:15例支 架放置全部成功,其中11例在进行颈动脉分叉部球囊扩张或支架释放时出现不同程度的心率减慢和血压下降,6例出 现颈动脉窦反应,在使用阿托品和多巴胺后均恢复正常。术中及术后无与血液动力学相关的脑低灌注或高灌注并发症。 结论:血液动力学不稳定是CAS中较为常见的并发症,可通过药物加以控制。