大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流动力学指标对单绒毛膜双胎胎儿异常发育的诊断价值

目的评价大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流动力学对单绒毛膜双胎胎儿异常发育的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析28对单绒毛膜双胎的彩色多普勒超声资料,比较胎儿异常发育与正常单绒毛膜双胎大脑中动脉及脐动脉的最大流速、阻力指数。结果胎儿异常发育与正常单绒毛膜双胎大脑中动脉阻力指数比值有明显差异,前者比值较正常增大。结论多普勒超声测量的大脑中动脉及脐动脉血流动力学对评估单绒毛膜双胎胎儿异常发育有一定的诊断价值,大脑中动脉及脐动脉最大流速和阻力指数差异可能有助于早期预测单绒毛膜双胎胎儿异常发育。     

顺式阿曲库铵对79例全麻患者肌松效应及血流动力学观察

目的观察3倍95%有效药物剂量的顺式阿曲库铵对全麻患者的肌松效应及血流动力学指标。方法选取79例全麻患者,采用TOF-Guard肌松监测仪监测拇内收肌的肌松程度。经麻醉诱导意识丧失后,静注顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg。经口气管插管,观察肌松作用起效的时间、恢复时相,以及血流动力学指标。结果麻醉效果91.1%的患者达到气管插管1级水平,7.6%的患者达到2级水平,且全部患者均完成气管插管。肌松恢复时相:25%为(39.1±7.9)min,75%为(47.8±8.1)min,100%为(61.9±10.2)min。所有患者均未出现皮肤潮红、支气管痉挛以及肝肾功能损害等不良反应。结论 3倍95%有效药物剂量的顺式阿曲库铵具有肌松效应良好,血流动力学稳定,不良反应发生少等特性,临床价值较高。     

老年经腹腔镜胆囊摘除术中七氟烷对循环功能的影响

目的:探讨全凭七氟烷麻醉在老年腹腔镜手术中对循环功能的影响。方法:选择58例择期进行腹腔镜手术的老年患者,采用全凭七氟烷麻醉的方法,分别记录入室后麻醉给药前、诱导后1.5min、插管时、插管后2min、插管后5min、气腹放气后的HR、SBP、DBP、MAP,并记录停药至苏醒的时间及苏醒时相应血浆靶浓度。结果:插管时HR、SBP、和MAP与麻醉给药前比较均升高(P<0.05),气腹放气后SBP、DBP和MAP也较麻醉给药前明显升高(P<0.05),其它各观察时点血流动力学参数与给药前比较无统计学差异。停药至患者初醒的平均时间为(10.24±5.35)min,相应血浆靶浓度为(1.41±0.55ug/ml)。结论:采用七氟烷麻醉对改善老年腹腔镜手术患者的预后具有重要意义。     

麻黄碱联合丙泊酚抑制芬太尼咳嗽反射的临床研究

目的:研究麻黄碱联合丙泊酚对芬太尼咳嗽反射(fentanyl-induced cough,FIC)的抑制作用.方法:选择320例择期手术接受全麻的患者,根据计算机随机数字表随机进入4组:Ⅰ组(对照组)静脉注射2 mL生理盐水;Ⅱ组(麻黄碱组)静脉注射6 mg麻黄碱;Ⅲ组(丙泊酚组)静脉注射0.8 mg/kg丙泊酚;Ⅳ组(丙泊酚联合麻黄碱组)静脉注射0.8 mg/kg丙泊酚加6 mg麻黄碱.给予治疗药物2 min后,经外周静脉快速注射2 μg/kg芬太尼.观察并记录患者的血压、心率、脉博血氧饱和度等生命体征,并由一位医师按照盲法观察注射芬太尼后1 min内是否出现咳嗽,记录咳嗽发生的次数,并且根据咳嗽发生次数进行严重程度分级.结果:Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组患者的FIC发生率和严重程度均较Ⅰ组明显降低,而且Ⅳ组患者的血流动力学更加平稳.结论:麻醉诱导时联合应用麻黄碱和丙泊酚对FIC的抑制效果更好,患者血流动力学更加稳定,是临床上一个简单、有效的防治FIC的办法.     

早期口服补液对犬50%总体表面积烧伤休克期血流动力学和组织灌流的影响

目的 研究早期口服补液对犬50%总体表面积(TBSA)烧伤休克期血流动力学和组织灌流的影响.方法 成年雄性Beagle犬18只,先期无菌手术行颈总动脉、颈外静脉、胃、空肠及膀胱置管,24 h后用凝固汽油燃烧法造成其颈、背和胸、腹部约50%TBSA Ⅲ.烧伤.随机分为不补液(NR)、口服补液(OR)和静脉补液(IR)三组,每组6只.伤后第1个24 h NR组无治疗,OR和IR组于伤后30 min开始按Parkland公式分别从胃管和静脉输注葡萄糖.电解质溶液,伤后24 h起各组犬均实施静脉补液.测定犬伤前(0 h)和伤后2、4、8、24、48和72 h非麻醉状态下的平均动脉压(MAP)、全身血管阻力(SVR)、心输出量(CO)、左室内压最大变化速率(dp/dtmax)、尿量以及胃黏膜CO2分压(PgCO2)和小肠黏膜血流量(IMBF),并记录伤后72 h死亡率.结果 与伤前相比,各组犬MAP、CO、dp/dtmax,、IMBF和尿量在伤后2 h均大幅降低(P<0.01),而SVR和PgCO2显著升高.两补液组上述指标伤后8 h开始恢复,72 h IR组除IMBF外均恢复至伤前水平,但OR组CO、SVR及胃肠组织灌流指标仍差于伤前水平(P<0.01).NR组上述指标持续恶化,伤后24 h内无尿并全部死亡.OR组血液动力学和内脏组织灌流指标显著优于NR组,但差于IR组.伤后72 h死亡率NR组为6/6、OR组3/6,而IR组为0/6.结论 50%TBSA烧伤后早期口服葡萄糖-电解质溶液复苏效果虽差于静脉补液,但相比不补液,能显著改善血流动力学指标和内脏组织灌流,减少早期死亡,有潜力成为战争或灾害时静脉液体复苏的替代方法.     

磷酸肌酸对风湿性心瓣膜病心衰患者血流动力学作用

目的观察静脉补充外源性磷酸肌酸（CP）对风湿性心瓣膜病心力衰竭患者短期血流动力学作用。方法根据八院先后顺序随机将114例风湿性心脏病患者分为常规药物治疗组（c组）和常规药物加磷酸肌酸治疗组（CP组）,均给予常规抗心衷药物治疗,CP组在常规抗心衰治疗基础上加用磷酸肌酸治疗10天,治疗前后采用超声心动图评价心功能,并评价NYHA心功能分级。结果CP组患者的心表症状与C组相比有显著的改善。结论常规纠正心衰治疗基础上加用磷酸肌酸,能有效促进风湿性心瓣膜病心表患者心功能恢复,缩短术前心功能调整时间。     

Depressive symptoms in relation to physical functioning in pulmonary hypertension

Objective

To investigate the association between depressive symptoms and physical functioning in pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients.

Methods

Fifty-two patients diagnosed with precapillary or postcapillary PH completed self-report questionnaires of depressive symptoms and physical functioning. Cardiac catheterization reports of patients were reviewed for hemodynamic variables.

Results

Physical functioning was significantly associated with depressive symptoms on bivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, after controlling for demographic and hemodynamic variables, depressive symptoms accounted for 9% of variance in physical functioning.

Conclusion

The association of depressive symptoms with decreased physical functioning in PH patients indicates the need for longitudinal research regarding the possible effect of depression on disease outcomes in this population.     

Therapeutic and diagnostic role of electrical devices in acute heart failure

Electrical devices, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) pacemakers, the Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD) and a combination of both, constitute an important line of treatment in the therapy of moderate to severe chronic heart failure. The effectiveness of these devices in the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure has yet to be systematically evaluated. However, the beneficial clinical effects of CRT translate into a marked reduction of heart failure-related hospitalization. Devices also offer unique diagnostic applications by continuous measurement of clinically useful physiological parameters over time. Of particular interest, monitoring of intrathoracic impedance and right ventricular pressures allows to detect changes in volume load in an early stage prior to the development of clinical symptoms. This information could be helpful to stop further progression to acute cardiac decompensation and to avoid hospitalization and acute clinical events. Using modern telecommunication technology, patients can also be remotely monitored in their daily living environment. In consequence, the incorporation of device technology into heart failure management programs calls for a close cooperation between heart failure specialists and electrophysiologists. This review addresses therapeutic and diagnostic aspects of device therapies in the context of acute heart failure. Disclosure information: the author of this review article receives research funding from Medtronic and St-Jude Medical, serves as a consultant to Medtronic and has received speakers honoraria from various device companies.     

缺铁性贫血患者脑血流动力学的变化

目的 应用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)分析缺铁性贫血(IDA)的脑血流动力学特点并探讨TCD的诊断价值.方法 对46例IDA患者(中重度贫血组28例,轻度贫血组18例)行TCD检测,观察其脑血流动力学改变,并与40例健康者(对照组)比较.结果 除3例TCD结果正常外,其余贫血患者脑血流广泛增高.中重度贫血组血流速度显著高于轻度贫血组(P<.05),两组均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).中重度贫血组搏动指数显著低于对照组(P<0.01).IDA患者中有2例TCD诊断血管狭窄,5例有晕厥发作.结论 脑血流速度的增高程度可初步反映贫血的严重程度,TCD检测IDA患者有助于评估其血流代偿能力,提高脑血管狭窄的发现率.     

烧伤休克期血流动力学监测的应用

目的观察烧伤休克期应用Swan-Ganz漂浮导管有创血流动力学监测对液体复苏的指导意义。方法对31例烧伤总面积（67．4±22．9）％、Ⅲ。烧伤面积（48．6±12．5）％的患者于入院后置入Swan-Ganz漂浮导管,监测并记录入院时及伤后8h、16h、24h、36h、48h的心率（HR）、右房压（RAP）、平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、肺动脉楔嵌压（PAWP）、心排量（C0）、心排指数（cI）和每搏指数（sI）,并依据血流动力学指标变化情况调整休克期复苏补液量。结果参照血流动力学变化进行烧伤休克期补液量的调整,迅速纠正血容量不足,未产生液体超负荷并发症,患者平稳渡过休克期。结论大面积烧伤休克期应用Swan—Ganz导管进行有创血流动力学监测能够为休克期液体复苏提供可靠而灵敏的客观依据。