Computed tomographic studies of the basis pedunculi in chronic hemiplegic patients: Topographic correlation between cerebral lesion and midbrain shrinkage

Summary A computed tomographic method for analyzing the shrinkage of the basis pedunculi (BP) due to the secondary degeneration of the descending fibers was applied in correlation to the site of cerebral lesions in 89 chronic hemiplegic patients. Cerebral lesions in the anterior coronar radiata or the anterior limb of the capsula interna caused shrinkage of the medial BP. Lesions in the central corona radiata or the genu and posterior limb of the capsula interna caused shrinkage of the central BP, while lesions of the posterior corona radiata or the posterior limb of the capsula interna caused shrinkage of the lateral BP. These results suggested that CT images are able to reveal the principle sites of atrophy of the descending fiber tracts in chronic hemiplegia.     

临床护理路径在脑外科偏瘫高危患者肢体早期活动中的应用研究

目的 为脑外科偏瘫高危患者肢体早期活动寻找最佳的临床护理路径,以减少肢体瘫痪,提高生活质量.方法 将2007年1-12月收治的112例脑外科偏瘫高危患者作为实验组,于入院第1天进行肢体早期活动,并应用临床护理路径进行肢体早期活动;选取2006年1-12月89例手术后病情稳定时进行肢体活动患者作为对照组.分别于2组出入院时运用布郎斯壮运动功能评价法(Brunnstrom)进行等级评估,并对结果进行比较.结果 实验组上肢、手、下肢肢体活动功能等级显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),特别是手的分离运动增强,协调能力提高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对脑外科偏瘫高危患者应用临床护理路径进行肢体早期活动,能达到有效地恢复肢体功能运动的目的 .     

Kinematic effects on gait of a newly designed ankle-foot orthosis with oil damper resistance: a case series of 2 patients with hemiplegia

The ankle joint of ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) should restrict plantarflexion to prevent foot drop during the swing phase. However, excessive plantarflexion resistance causes excessive knee flexion during the stance phase. Plantarflexion resistive moment should be easily adjustable according to the gait ability of patients with hemiplegia. Because it is difficult to adjust plantarflexion resistive moment exactly, we developed an AFO with an oil damper. It is a small shock absorber that utilizes hydraulic resistance. The oil damper generates a resistive moment to the plantarflexion rotation of the ankle joint at the initial stance phase. The magnitude of the plantarflexion resistive moment at the heel strike can be easily adjusted to accommodate each patient's condition by simply turning an adjustment screw. We used a gait analysis system to compare the gait of 2 hemiplegic patients while they were wearing either the AFO with the oil damper or the AFO with the plantarflexion stop. The AFO with the oil damper achieved sufficient plantarflexion of the ankle and mild flexion of the knee by adjusting a proper plantarflexion resistive moment during initial stance phase, and provided a more comfortable gait than did the AFOs with a plantarflexion stop.     

Ipsilateral motor pathway confirmed by combined brain mapping of a patient with hemiparetic stroke: a case report

This study investigated the motor control pathway using both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a patient with left hemiparesis with an infarction on the posterior limb of the right internal capsule. fMRI was performed using the blood oxygen level-dependent technique at 1.5 T with a standard head coil. The motor activation task consisted of hand grasp-release movements in 1-Hz cycles. TMS was performed using a butterfly coil; the intersection of the wings (center of the coil) was applied tangentially to the scalp 1.0 cm apart. Stimulation was performed at 100% of maximal output. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles were obtained simultaneously. fMRI showed that the unaffected (left) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) was activated by movements of the unaffected (right) hand. Conversely, the bilateral SM1 were activated by movements of the affected (left) hand. Brain mapping using TMS showed that ipsilateral MEPs were obtained at the affected (left) APB muscle when the unaffected (left) motor cortex was stimulated. We concluded that the ipsilateral motor pathway from the unaffected motor cortex to the affected hand was present in this patient.     

新 Bobath 技术治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者的应用价值

〔摘 要〕 目的：分析在脑卒中偏瘫患者运动治疗基础上结合新 Bobath 技术治疗促进上肢功能康复的作用。方法：选取 东莞市第八人民医院 2019 年 5 月至 2020 年 5 月收治的 48 例脑卒中偏瘫患者,根据康复治疗方法分为对照组与观察组,各 24 例。对照组接受常规康复治疗,观察组行新 Bobath 技术治疗。比较分析两组患者治疗前后运动功能评分与日常生活自理 能力,统计上肢功能康复效果。结果：经治疗后,两组患者的 Fugl–Meyer 上肢运动功能评定量表（FMA–UE）评分与改良 barthel 指数（MBI）评分均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。观察组患者的康 复有效率为 95.83 %,明显高于对照组的 83.33 %,差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。结论：新 Bobath 技术治疗用于脑卒 中偏瘫的效果理想,可有效改善患者的肢体功能。     

Intrathecal baclofen in subjects with spastic hemiplegia: assessment of the antispastic effect during gait

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether leg muscle stiffness is measurably reduced after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in subjects with spastic hemiplegia. DESIGN: Nonrandomized trial. SETTING: Inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation unit in France. PARTICIPANTS: Seven consecutive subjects with spastic hemiplegia having Ashworth Scale scores for their quadriceps and triceps greater than 2. INTERVENTION: Subjects were given ITB by lumbar puncture after a dose-selecting test period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Triceps and quadriceps Ashworth scores, gait analysis at preferred and maximal speed measured by a motion analysis system with 2 forceplates, and electromyographic recording of leg muscles before and 4 hours after ITB. The slopes of the moment-angle curves were measured on the hemiplegic side at the onset of ankle and knee flexion to assess muscle stiffness during walking. Pre- and post-ITB spatiotemporal, kinetic, and kinematic data were compared by using a nonparametric test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). RESULTS: Ashworth scores of the quadriceps and triceps of all subjects decreased significantly after ITB. Maximal walking speed increased significantly, with a significant increase in stride length, but the preferred walking speed was unchanged. Minimal knee extension and maximal ankle flexion were the only kinematic data significantly different (increased) after ITB. The slope of the ankle moment-angle curve decreased significantly after ITB at preferred gait speed; it also decreased at maximal gait speed in all but 1 subject. Of the 4 available moment-angle curves, 3 showed decreased knee extensor muscle stiffness. The duration of the bursts of spastic muscles decreased after ITB. CONCLUSION: Acute ITB improved walking and reduced muscle stiffness at both the ankles and knees on the spastic hemiplegic side of our subjects. Electromyographic findings suggest that some of the post-ITB reduction in muscle stiffness might be attributed to decreased spasticity.     

应用作业疗法改善偏瘫患者上肢功能

６２例偏瘫患者应用作业疗法进行偏瘫下功能训练，同时进行健侧上肢代偿性的ＡＤＬ训练。以使患者尽可能协调双侧一起活动。治疗后上肢功能改善率为８０．２３％，手功能改善率为６５．５７％，上肢能力改善为５１．６％，ＡＤＬ能力比治疗前有显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实践证明作业疗法对改善偏瘫患者上肢功能和提高生活自理能力是行之有效的。     

Determinants of walking function after stroke: differences by deficit severity

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship of cardiovascular fitness (Vo(2)peak), neurologic deficits in balance and leg strength, and body composition to ambulatory function after stroke and to determine whether these relationships differ between those with milder versus more severe gait deficits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional correlation study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-four people (43 men, 31 women; mean age +/- standard deviation, 64+/-10y) with chronic hemiparetic stroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Thirty-foot (9.1-m) walk velocity, 6-minute walk distance, Vo(2)peak, Berg Balance Scale score, bilateral quadriceps eccentric torque, total and regional lean mass, and percentage of fat mass. RESULTS: Short-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, percentage of body fat, and paretic lean mass but not with nonparetic lean mass. Long-distance walking correlated significantly with cardiovascular fitness, balance, paretic leg strength, nonparetic leg strength, and paretic lean mass but not with percentage of body fat or nonparetic lean mass. Stepwise regression showed that cardiovascular fitness, balance, and paretic leg strength were independently associated with long-distance walking (r(2)=.60, P<.001). Variance in long-distance walking was largely explained by balance for those who walked more slowly (<.48m/s) for short distances (r(2)=.42, P<.001) and by cardiovascular fitness for those who walked more quickly (>.48m/s) for short distances (r(2)=.26, P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Short-distance walking after stroke is related to balance, cardiovascular fitness, and paretic leg strength. Long-distance walking ability differs by gait deficit severity, with balance more important in those who walk more slowly and cardiovascular fitness playing a greater role in those who walk more quickly. Improved understanding of the factors that predict ambulatory function may assist the design of individualized rehabilitation strategies across the spectrum of gait deficit severity in those with hemiparetic stroke.     

偏瘫功能康复的评价

根据Barthel指数评价将491例偏瘫病人分为依赖组和自理组,并且观察康复前后的Barthel指数及活动能力变化情况,结果表明自理组病人的Barthel指数和活动能力较依赖组明显改善,分别增加100％和77％(P<0.01),康复频度减少9.1％(P>0.05),康复程度下降6.6％(P<0.001)。作者认为,偏瘫病人通过严格的康复医学检查,早期积极康复医疗,根据个体Barthel指数评价康复程度,是一种比较全面而切合实际的方法,从生物-心理-社会的综合医学模式出发,对偏瘫病人进行功能康复评价是有益的。