Our preferred surgical approach to cicatricial cryptotia

Background

Adhesions between the auricle and retroauricular cranial wall and mastoid occur after burns to this area due to cicatricial contracture, leading to the distortion of the otocranial angle and obscuring the remnant auricle in the scar. A definition of cicatricial cryptotia was devised to describe the ear deformity after burn by the authors, and a novel surgical approach to cicatricial cryptotia was employed to reconstruct the auricle.

Patients and methods

A total of 33 ears in 26 adult patients were operated upon. As many as 19 cases of cicatricial cryptotia were unilateral, seven cases bilateral. The patients’ age ranged from 19 to 31 years. Because of a lack of normal tissues surrounding the remnant ear, a periauricular cicatricial flap was designed to repair the helix and antihelix defect and a horizontal bifoliate skin flap for earlobe reconstruction. Two triangular cicatricial flaps located at the cephalic or caudal direction of the survival ear were used for shaping the otocranial angle and auriculotemporal sulci, combined with zoned transplantation of a full-thickness skin graft.

Results

All cicatricial flaps demonstrated nearly 100% survival and the take rate of transplanted skin grafts was approximately 95%. The main structures were visible and cosmetically acceptable; the otocranial angle and auriculotemporal sulci were acceptably restored. The function of wearing eye glasses or a mask was regained. The patients were followed up from 3 months to 6 years after surgery; the mean follow-up period was 3.2 years. The contour of the reconstructed auricle was maintained well, and the scar contracture was acceptable.

Conclusion

Periauricular cicatricial flaps combined with skin grafting is a new approach to cicatricial cryptotia when auricle reconstruction after burn is limited by a scarcity of supple, elastic local skin and fascia.     

自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯假体修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形

目的 探讨自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)假体修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术方法和疗效.方法 采用口腔前庭切口,将e-PTFE假体垫于患侧梨状孔边缘,以抬高患侧鼻翼基底.切取自体鼻中隔软骨,将e-PTFE假体与软骨共同形成类似“三明治”结构的支架,以抬高鼻尖和修复塌陷的鼻孔及鼻翼畸形.结果 50例患者中8例失访,其余42例经3个月至1年半的随访,鼻畸形得到明显改善,外形基本接近正常.3例术后1年出现畸形轻度复发.结论 自体鼻中隔软骨联合e-PTFE假体能有效地改善单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,值得临床推广应用.     

Review of Forty Years of Rehabilitation Issues in Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Context

Childhood laminectomy can lead to spinal deformity. This is a report of a case of paraplegia caused by rotokyphoscoliosis, a late complication of laminectomy.

Findings

A 55-year-old woman developed paraplegia due to post-laminectomy kyphoscoliosis. She had surgery for a spinal tumor at age 13 years. She developed kyphosis 2 years after the laminectomy, which has been gradually progressing over the years. She experienced weakness of lower limbs that progressed to paraplegia. There was no evidence for tumor recurrence. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of post-laminectomy kyphoscoliosis causing late-onset paraplegia.

Conclusions/clinical relevance

This case highlights a possible long-term complication of laminectomy without stabilization or untreated kyphoscoliosis. Children should be followed closely after laminectomy because development of spinal deformity is very common. Without intervention, the kyphosis might progress and in the long term, serious neurological complications may result, including paraplegia.     

Analysis of the direct cost of surgery for four diagnostic categories of adult spinal deformity

Background contextExisting literature on adult spinal deformity (ASD) offers little guidance regarding an evidence-based approach to care. To optimize the value of medical treatment, a thorough understanding of the cost of surgical treatment for ASD is required.PurposeTo evaluate four clinically and radiographically distinct groups of ASD and identify and compare the cost of surgical treatment among the groups.Study design/settingMulticenter retrospective study of consecutive surgeries for ASD.Patient sampleThree hundred twenty-five consecutive ASD patients treated between 2008 and 2010.Outcome measuresCost data were collected from hospital administrative records on the direct costs (DCs) incurred for the episode of surgical care, excluding overhead.MethodsBased on preoperative radiographs and history, patients were categorized into one of four diagnostic categories of deformity: primary idiopathic scoliosis (PIS), primary degenerative scoliosis (PDS), primary sagittal plane deformity (PSPD), and revision (R). Analysis of variance and generalized linear model regressions were used to analyze the DCs of surgery and to assess differences in costs across the four diagnostic categories considered.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in DC of surgery for different categories of ASD, with surgical treatment for PDS the most expensive followed in decreasing order by PSPD, PIS, and R (p<.01). Results further revealed a significant positive relationship between age and DC (p<.01) and a significant positive relationship between length of stay and DC (p<.01). Among PIS patients, for every incremental increase in levels fused, the expected DC increased by $3,997 (p=.00). Fusion to pelvis also significantly increased the DC of surgery for patients aged 18 to 29 years (p<.01) and 30 to 59 years (p<.01) but not for 60 years or more (p=.86).ConclusionsThere is an increasing DC of surgery with increasing age, length of hospital stay, length of fusion, and fusions to the pelvis. Revision surgery is the least expensive surgery on average and should therefore not preclude its consideration from a pure cost perspective.     

Definitions of the physical properties of pressure ulcers and characterisation of their regional variance

A pressure ulcer is a localised injury of the skin and underlying tissue that usually develops over a bony prominence. A decrease in the pressure over the bony prominence effectively prevents pressure ulcers; however, no studies have systematically assessed the physical properties of existing pressure ulcers. To characterise pressure ulcers, we established new terminology that clarifies the physical properties of pressure ulcers: wound mobility was defined as movement using the bony prominence as a predefined specific marker, and wound deformity was defined as a change in the three‐dimensional shape of the wound. Observational studies using this terminology showed that the distinct physical properties of pressure ulcers depend on the site of development and the wound depth according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel criteria. Most grade IV sacrum pressure ulcers exhibited mobility and deformity. Superficial sacrum pressure ulcers below grade II showed only mobility. In contrast, foot pressure ulcers did not exhibit mobility or deformity. We propose a new concept, ‘wound physical property’, for understanding the unique pathogenesis of pressure ulcers.     

(iii) Sagittal spinal alignment and its clinical implications

Much is known about spinal deformity in the coronal plane, and the three dimensional deformities that are associated with coronal plane deformities. Much less attention is paid to sagittal plane deformities and this is partly because they are much less widely distributed, being much more common in the Orient, particularly in those who spend long periods of time working in a stooped posture close to the ground. This article describes normal sagittal alignment of the spine and the abnormalities that can develop, including degenerative lumbar scoliosis and degenerative lumbar kyphosis. The surgical strategies for dealing with the latter are discussed in detail.     

锚钉技术治疗糖尿病与非糖尿病患者腱性锤状指畸形的疗效分析

目的探讨应用锚钉技术治疗糖尿病与非糖尿病患者腱性锤状指畸形的疗效,评估锚钉技术在治疗糖尿病患者腱性锤状指畸形的临床可行性。 方法前瞻性收集石家庄市第二医院和唐山市第二医院的腱性锤状指畸形糖尿病（试验组）与非糖尿病（对照组）患者各30例,试验组男性15例,女性12例,平均年龄（44.54±4.55）岁,对照组男性13例,女性13例,平均年龄（43.63±4.37）岁,均应用锚钉技术治疗。术后比较两组患者伤口愈合时间;2、3,4个月的患指屈伸运动功能;肌腱愈合情况;并发症发生情况。 结果试验组30例,其中3例失去随访;对照组30例,其中4例失去随访。伤口愈合时间：试验组平均（14.0±1.0）d;对照组平均（13.0±1.1）d,两组比较差异无统计学意义（t=0.087,P>0.05）。末次随访时MP、PIP,DIP屈伸活动度分别为试验组：（89.7±2.4）°、（84.2±5.4）°,（76.3±5.2）°;对照组：（89.0±3.2）°、（84.0±5.3）°,（75.3±5.2）°,两组比较差异分别无统计学意义[（t=1.325,P>0.05）、（t=1.079,P>0.05）,（t=1.553,P>0.05）]。手运动功能TAM分级：试验组优23例,良3例,可1例;对照组优22例,良2例,可2例,两组比较差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.343,P>0.05）。肌腱彩超提示,两组患者均腱骨愈合良好。两组患者术后均无明显并发症发生,可从事正常工作及生活。 结论锚钉技术可有效防止伸肌腱粘连,使患指获得良好的屈伸运动功能,术后并发症少,同样可以用于糖尿病患者腱性锤状指畸形的治疗。     

Peroneus longus tendon transfer; prospective study of treatment outcome of recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities in children after failed surgical treatment

BackgroundIn childhood, for flexible clubfoot deformity, the transfer of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle is widely used. In contrast, extensive surgical procedures are required for fixed clubfoot deformities.MethodsWe describe the peroneus longus tendon transfer to the peroneus brevis tendon, additionally to full surgical release, in cases of recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities. The purpose of this surgical technique was to restore and maintain the dynamic balance of foot inversion-eversion during the gait cycle by augmenting the muscular strength of the weak peroneus brevis tendon. We report the prospective study of treatment outcome of twenty recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities in twelve children (20 feet) after failed surgical treatment they had. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs under full-body weight-bearing and the AOFAS score pre-and postoperatively were used in all patients. For the estimation of the severity of the recurrent clubfoot deformity in each child and to increase the credibility of the AOFAS rating scale, we additionally used a clubfoot sheet score preoperatively and postoperatively (maximum score 100 points for normal foot appearance clinically and radiologically).ResultsThe mean age at surgery was 6,85 (±1,81; 5–11) years. The mean follow-up time was 5,4 (±1,7; 2–8) years. The mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot rating score increased from 69,85 (±9,51; 53–82) points preoperatively to 94,4 (±2,43; 91–97) points postoperatively. The mean clubfoot sheet rating score increased from 43,00 (±12,18; 15–55) points, preoperatively to 90,0 (±4,58; 80–95) points postoperatively. The two-tailed p-value was < 0,0001.ConclusionsThe transfer of the peroneus longus tendon to the peroneus brevis tendon is a minimal surgical procedure that acts collaboratively in maintaining the correction of foot deformity, achieved by the complete surgical release. Level of Evidence: IV.     

经关节截骨治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折内翻畸形临床效果

目的探讨经关节截骨治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折内翻畸形的临床方式和效果。方法对2012年8月~2015年8月收治的96例陈旧性胫骨平台骨折内翻畸形患者,依据随机数字表法分为研究组(n=48)和对照组(n=48)。对照组患者行切开复位内固定手术治疗,研究组患者经关节截骨治疗。观察两组患者术后X线片并比较两组临床疗效。结果研究组患者的愈合时间及完全负重时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05),但两组患者术后X线片的胫骨平台内翻角及后倾角之间的差异均不显著(P0.05);研究组患者术后膝关节功能恢复优良率[93.8%(45/48)]显著高于对照组[66.7%(32/48),P0.05]。结论经关节截骨治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折内翻畸形的临床效果较切开复位内固定手术好。     

脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术用于脊柱畸形翻修手术的安全性和有效性

目的 :探讨脊柱后路去松质骨截骨术(vertebral column decancellation,VCD)应用于脊柱畸形翻修手术中的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年1月在我院接受脊柱畸形翻修手术的20例患者的临床资料,年龄17~58岁(34.5±11.6岁),男12例,女8例。强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形6例,先天性半椎体后凸畸形4例,结核性脊柱侧后凸畸形4例,先天性侧后凸畸形3例,青少年特发性脊柱侧凸3例。翻修手术距初次手术时间为5.6±3.3年(1~16年)。翻修术前10例冠状面失衡患者冠状面Cobb角45°~85°(64.2°±15.6°),17例矢状面失衡患者矢状面畸形后凸Cobb角75°~110°(92.7°±9.7°)。均在插管全麻下行VCD进行畸形矫正。记录患者翻修手术时间、术中出血量及围手术期并发症等一般情况。所有患者翻修术前、术后1周及末次随访均拍摄包括骨盆的站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量脊柱矢状面、冠状面Cobb角,冠状位顶椎偏移距离、双肩相对高度差,矢状面偏移距离、矢状位腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角、骨盆入射角及骶骨倾斜角。采用SRS-22调查表评估患者术前及术后6个月生存质量。结果 :均顺利完成手术,平均截骨椎体数量1.5±0.6个(1~2个)。手术时间为4~6.5h(5.3±0.7h),术中出血量为600~1300ml(830.0±150.5ml)。所有患者术中脊髓监测未发现在复位过程中有体感诱发电位(SEP)及运动诱发电位(MEP)异常变化,术中唤醒试验患者下肢运动感觉功能正常。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。3例发生脑脊液漏,2例后凸畸形患者术后并发肠系膜上动脉综合征,围手术期未发生感染、呼吸衰竭、下肢深静脉血栓等其他并发症。住院时间13.9±2.4d。随访时间18~40个月(27.6±2.8个月),随访期间未出现内固定棒断裂、螺钉松动及深部感染等并发症。冠状面和矢状面畸形获得良好矫正,术后1周冠状面和矢状面Cobb角分别矫正至15.7°±4.9°、28.7°±8.7°。术后1周脊柱冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、顶椎偏移距离及双肩相对高度差、矢状面偏移距离与翻修术前比较均明显变小(P0.05),末次随访时与术后1周比较无统计学差异(P0.05);脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数除骨盆入射角与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05)外,腰前凸角、胸腰段后凸角、骨盆倾斜角及骶骨倾斜角与术前比较均有明显改善(P0.05)。术后1周冠状面Cobb角矫正率为(75.5±4.5)%,矢状面Cobb角矫正率为(63.5±5.7)%;末次随访时与术后1周比较,冠状面矫形丢失率为26.5%,矢状面矫形丢失率为34.1%。翻修术后6个月SRS-22量表功能、疼痛、外观、精神健康、满意度评分与翻修术前比较均明显增加(P0.05)。结论:VCD在脊柱畸形翻修手术中可重新恢复脊柱矢状面、冠状面的平衡和稳定,尤其在脊柱矢状面平衡的恢复中有良好的效果,同时可避免脊髓过度短缩、神经卡压等并发症,是一种较安全有效的补救措施。