根据口鼻轮廓设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术

目的 探讨根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复手术的方法及临床效果.方法 通过对鼻唇弯曲轮廓的细微研究,从解剖、力学分析入手,结合唇裂畸形的特点,逐步形成以口鼻弯曲轮廓线为手术切口的术式,参考水平线和正中垂直线及外形,对单侧唇裂患者进行Ⅱ期综合整体修复术.结果 该手术方法应用于临床效果医患双方满意.结论 根据口鼻轮廓线设计单侧唇裂Ⅱ期修复术,能取得良好的畸形修复和外形美观效果.     

全膝关节置换术对膝关节重度屈曲畸形的疗效系统评价

目的探讨全膝关节置换术对重度屈曲畸形的临床治疗效果。方法跟踪随访于2010年12月至2013年12月在本组进行TKA手术的38例重度屈曲畸形患者,以主动关节活动度、徒手肌力检查、Muller膝关节稳定性评分和美国特种外科医院评价系统为临床指标,比较手术前及随访终末时的变化来衡量手术的疗效。结果术后主动关节活动度、徒手肌力检测、稳定性指标上明显大于术前,与术前比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。38例均得到随访,随访时间4个月~2.5年,平均1年。术前HSS评分-5~34分,平均22.6分;术后61~89分,平均77.4分,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后优良率达到63.16%。结论 TKA手术对膝关节重度屈曲畸形获得满意效果,是临床治疗的有效方法。     

皮肤扩张术治疗小儿颈胸部烧伤后瘢痕畸形

目的探讨皮肤软组织扩张器治疗小儿颈胸部烧伤后瘢痕畸形的方法及效果。方法对22例颈胸部烧伤后瘢痕形成伴颈部功能受限的患儿,应用皮肤软组织扩张器治疗。结果 22例患儿皮瓣转移后全部成活,其中11例皮瓣尖端部分有水肿、渗液,换药治愈后对功能无明显影响。随访2年,外形及功能均得到改善,颈部活动无明显受限。结论采用皮肤软组织扩张器治疗小儿颈胸部瘢痕畸形,临床效果满意。     

后路三柱截骨矫形术治疗先天性颈胸段脊柱畸形的安全性及并发症分析

目的:探讨后路三柱截骨矫形术治疗先天性颈胸段脊柱畸形的疗效、安全性及并发症。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月～2017年3月于我院应用后路一期三柱截骨矫形术治疗的25例先天性颈胸段脊柱畸形患者的病历资料,其中男11例,女14例,年龄3～32岁(12.1±7.1岁)。术前合并神经功能损害6例,其中Frankel分级C级4例,D级2例。测量手术前后及末次随访时的颈胸段主弯Cobb角、局部后凸角、远端代偿弯Cobb角、双肩高度等参数,并观察神经功能转归及并发症。结果:行SRS(Scoliosis Research Society)3级截骨6例,SRS 4级截骨3例,SRS 5级截骨16例。手术时间306.1±101.5min(147～550min),术中失血量1108.0±1000.9ml(150～4500ml)。随访时间37.8±14.0(20～69)个月。颈胸段主弯Cobb角由术前59.5°±28.5°矫正到术后的28.8°±16.9°(P0.001),末次随访时为31.6°±16.4°,无明显丢失(P=0.574)。局部后凸由术前39.2°±28.2°矫正到术后的21.1°±14.4°(P0.001),末次随访时为24.0°±14.3°,无明显丢失(P=0.478)。远端代偿弯由术前的35.4°±19.5°减少为术后的18.4°±11.3°(P0.001),末次随访时为26.1°±16.9°,较术后无统计学差异(P=0.073)。双肩高度差由术前的2.6±0.9cm减少到术后的1.2±0.6cm(P0.001),末次随访时进一步改善为0.9±0.6cm,但较术后无统计学差异(P=0.093)。术前合并神经功能损害的6例患者中5例随访期间恢复至Frankel E级,1例C级恢复至Frankel D级。术后神经系统并发症6例:5例凸侧上肢麻木;1例因双下肢肌力持续下降行再次手术探查清除血肿后恢复,6例末次随访时神经功能均恢复正常。其他包括脑脊液漏1例,胸腔积液3例,伤口积液1例,肺部感染1例,远期融合远端侧凸加重行翻修手术2例,均通过对症处理后恢复。结论:对于先天性颈胸段脊柱畸形患者应用后路一期三柱截骨矫形手术治疗,能够获得良好的矫形效果,但存在较高的并发症发生率。     

Minimum clinically important difference of the health-related quality of life scales in adult spinal deformity calculated by latent class analysis: is it appropriate to use the same values for surgical and nonsurgical patients?

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) parameters have been shown to be reliable and valid in patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD). Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has become increasingly important to clinicians in evaluating patients with a threshold of improvement that is clinically relevant.

经皮椎间孔镜对复发性腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎后凸畸形患者的疗效及对患者细胞因子的影响

［摘要］ 目的观察经皮椎间孔镜对复发性腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎后凸畸形患者的治疗效果及对其细胞因子的影响。 方法选取复发性腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎后凸畸形患者64例,随机分为2组,对照组应用传统椎板开窗术治疗,研究组应用经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗。 结果研究组治疗效果和总有效率优于对照组（P＜0.05）。研究组手术时间明显长于对照组,术中出血量明显小于对照组,术后卧床时间明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后2组视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scale,VAS）评分和Oswestry功能指数（Oswestry Dability Index,ODI）评分均较治疗前明显降低,研究组VAS评分和ODI评分均较对照组更低（P＜0.05）。研究组并发症发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后2组超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）与白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)水平均比治疗前降低,研究组hs-CRP、TNF-α与IL-6水平均较对照组更低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论在针对复发性腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎后凸畸形的治疗过程中,经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术治疗效果理想,损伤小,可有效改善炎症因子水平,促进患者快速康复,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后关系的临床分析

目的探讨胫骨延长后骨痂直径与新生骨预后的关系.方法 1996年1月～2001年12月,对68例胫骨延长者测量达所需延长长度时的骨痂直径,计算骨痂直径率(callus diameter ratios,CDR);统计拆除外固定架后2～4周时新生骨发生骨折例数及畸形角度,比较骨折和成角畸形与CDR的关系.结果拆除外固定架前胫骨前屈角度5度以上畸形19例,其中11例发生骨折;拆除外固定架后胫骨出现5度以上畸形6例,其中2例骨折;其余43例胫骨延长骨痂正常愈合.计算CDR值:CDR值小于80% 23例,其中发生新生骨骨折13例,成角畸形5度以上者21例;CDR在81%～85%之间6例,成角畸形5度以上4例;CDR值超过86% 39例,无畸形或新生骨骨折.结论胫骨延长时CDR小于80%时,容易发生新生骨骨折和畸形;CDR大于85%时,无新生骨骨折和畸形发生;两组间具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CDR是判断骨痂能否正常愈合较为理想的检测指标.     

Our preferred surgical approach to cicatricial cryptotia

Background

Adhesions between the auricle and retroauricular cranial wall and mastoid occur after burns to this area due to cicatricial contracture, leading to the distortion of the otocranial angle and obscuring the remnant auricle in the scar. A definition of cicatricial cryptotia was devised to describe the ear deformity after burn by the authors, and a novel surgical approach to cicatricial cryptotia was employed to reconstruct the auricle.

Patients and methods

A total of 33 ears in 26 adult patients were operated upon. As many as 19 cases of cicatricial cryptotia were unilateral, seven cases bilateral. The patients’ age ranged from 19 to 31 years. Because of a lack of normal tissues surrounding the remnant ear, a periauricular cicatricial flap was designed to repair the helix and antihelix defect and a horizontal bifoliate skin flap for earlobe reconstruction. Two triangular cicatricial flaps located at the cephalic or caudal direction of the survival ear were used for shaping the otocranial angle and auriculotemporal sulci, combined with zoned transplantation of a full-thickness skin graft.

Results

All cicatricial flaps demonstrated nearly 100% survival and the take rate of transplanted skin grafts was approximately 95%. The main structures were visible and cosmetically acceptable; the otocranial angle and auriculotemporal sulci were acceptably restored. The function of wearing eye glasses or a mask was regained. The patients were followed up from 3 months to 6 years after surgery; the mean follow-up period was 3.2 years. The contour of the reconstructed auricle was maintained well, and the scar contracture was acceptable.

Conclusion

Periauricular cicatricial flaps combined with skin grafting is a new approach to cicatricial cryptotia when auricle reconstruction after burn is limited by a scarcity of supple, elastic local skin and fascia.     

自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯假体修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形

目的 探讨自体鼻中隔软骨联合膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)假体修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术方法和疗效.方法 采用口腔前庭切口,将e-PTFE假体垫于患侧梨状孔边缘,以抬高患侧鼻翼基底.切取自体鼻中隔软骨,将e-PTFE假体与软骨共同形成类似“三明治”结构的支架,以抬高鼻尖和修复塌陷的鼻孔及鼻翼畸形.结果 50例患者中8例失访,其余42例经3个月至1年半的随访,鼻畸形得到明显改善,外形基本接近正常.3例术后1年出现畸形轻度复发.结论 自体鼻中隔软骨联合e-PTFE假体能有效地改善单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,值得临床推广应用.