放射性肺改变相关因素高分辨CT表现与预后的关系

目的 分析引起放射性肺损伤的相关因素，高分辨CT(HRCT)表现与预后的关系。方法 对580例胸部肿瘤中放射性肺损伤的86例行HRCT检查，观察其征象与预后的关系。结果 总结7种引起放射性肺损伤的相关因素。将HRCT表现分为4种类型：片状渗出型(8例)，补丁实变型(18例)，含气不全型(27例)和浓密纤维化型(33例)，其HRCT表现不可逆，治疗只能缓解症状。结论 阐述引起放射性肺损伤的相关因素及HRCT表现与各型放射件肺炎预后的关系。正确使用肺组织的放射剂量，定期HRCT检查对早期诊断和治疗有指导意义。     

Proboscis lateralis with ipsilateral sinonasal and olfactory pathway aplasia

Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial malformation characterized by absence of nasal cavity on one side with a trunk-like nasal appendage protruding from superomedial portion of the ipsilateral orbit. High-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are extremely useful in evaluating this congenital condition and the wide spectrum of associated anomalies occurring in the surrounding anatomical regions and brain. We present a case of proboscis lateralis in a 2-year-old girl with associated ipsilateral sinonasal aplasia, orbital cyst, absent olfactory bulb and olfactory tract. Absence of ipsilateral olfactory pathway in this rare disorder has been documented on high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging by us for the first time in English medical literature.     

百草枯中毒进行性肺损害HRCT表现与临床预后的关系

目的 探讨百草枯中毒进行性肺损害HRCT表现与临床预后的关系。方法 结合相关文献,回顾性分析5例百草枯中毒死亡病例的临床及进行性肺损害HRCT表现。结果 中毒早期(1～7 d)HRCT表现肺纹理增粗、紊乱、模糊,局部肺叶透光度减低,胸膜下见磨玻璃影及少许实变影。中毒中期(8～14 d)HRCT表现肺纹理进行性增粗、紊乱,磨玻璃影及实变影范围增大,气胸、纵膈及胸壁皮下气肿。中毒后期(≥15 d)HRCT表现肺实质性病变、肺间质性病变、支气管扩张、胸腔积液伴肝脾肾肿大。结论 百草枯中毒进行性肺损害HRCT表现与临床病情发展转归具有一致性,对临床治疗和预后判断有很高的应用价值。     

HRCT指导下人工耳蜗植入术相关的解剖研究

目的:在HRCT扫描重建的引导下,模拟人工耳蜗植入入路主要步骤解剖,作相关的解剖和HRCT数据测量对照以便为人工耳蜗植入术前影像学评估提供指导.方法:通过6例儿童颞骨标本解剖,模拟人工耳蜗主要步骤解剖,解剖前后作HRCT横轴位和斜矢状位扫描,观察测量手术解剖和HRCT之间的关系.结果:解剖测量面神经隐窝宽度在蜗窗水平为(3.13±0.34)mm,在前庭窗水平宽度为(4.12±0.44)mm,HRCT测量面神经隐窝宽度在蜗窗水平为(3.20±0.38)mm,在前庭窗水平为(4.14±0.47)mm,斜矢状位HRCT可使面神经垂直段、水平段全程显示.解剖测量数据与HRCT测量数据差异无统计学上意义(P>0.05).结论:横轴位面神经到外耳道后壁的距离、斜矢状位面神经到蜗窗距离是反映面神经位置关系的很重要的参数,面神经垂直段 、外耳道后壁、蜗窗是测量的重要解剖标志,术前作HRCT人工耳蜗植入相关测量可用来指导临床手术.     

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: A spectrum of radiologic findings

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a well known entity in adults but is exceedingly rare in children. It is better described in adults than in children. We describe the current understanding of PLCH in children and a spectrum of radiological findings of PLCH in the paediatric population. On high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), PLCH may have variable appearance depending on the stage of disease, ranging from small interstitial nodular opacities to multiple thin/thick walled cysts (often bizarre in shape), eventually leading to marked parenchymal fibrosis and honeycomb pattern. CT finding of PLCH is similar in adult and paediatric populations with the exception that lung base near the costophrenic angle is spared in adults but almost always involved in children.     

HRCT靶重建技术在尘肺诊断中的应用价值及影像学表现研究

目的研究HRCT靶重建技术在尘肺诊断中的应用价值及其影像学表现。方法对57例各期煤工尘肺作肺部常规CT扫描,然后在主动脉弓顶、隆突水平、气管分叉下3cm、右膈上2cm及兴趣区加作HRCT,并利用所贮存扫描之原始数据进行靶重建。结果HRCT靶重建放大成像清晰地显示了尘肺的微细病变（1）结节影100%;（2）小叶间隔增厚98.24%;（3）小叶结构异常98.24%;（4）胸膜下结节84.21%;（5）小叶中心型肺气肿63.15%;（6）胸膜下弧线影64.91%;（7）小支气管扩张63.15%;（8）磨玻璃样阴影35.08%;（9）蜂窝状阴影15.78%。并良好的显示了早期病变细节。结论HRCT靶重建技术提高了细节显示,是显示尘肺微细病变有效而可靠的方法,可提供更多的诊断信息。