Effectiveness of prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy in stopping surgical site wound problems for closed incisions in breast cancer surgery: A meta‐analysis

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy in stopping surgical site wound problems for closed incisions in breast cancer surgery. A systematic literature search up to April 2022 was performed and 2223 women with closed incisions in breast cancer surgery at the baseline of the studies; 964 of them were using the prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy, and 1259 were using standard dressings. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy in stopping surgical site wound problems for closed incisions in breast cancer surgery using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. The prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy women had a significantly lower total wound problems (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.90, P = .01), lower surgical site wound infection (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.96, P = .03), lower wound dehiscence (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.75, P < .001) and lower wound necrosis (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27‐0.71, P < .001), in women with closed incisions in breast cancer surgery compared with standard dressings. However, prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy did not show any significant difference in wound seroma (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.32‐1.65, P = .45), and hematoma (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.33‐1.59, P = .001) compared with standard dressings in women with closed incisions in breast cancer surgery. The prophylactic application of negative pressure wound therapy women had a significantly lower total wound problems, surgical site wound infection, wound dehiscence, and wound necrosis and no significant difference in wound seroma, and hematoma compared with standard dressings in women with closed incisions in breast cancer surgery. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of 5 out of 12 studies in the meta‐analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.     

Effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty: A meta‐analysis

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty. A systematic literature search up to April 2022, was performed and 446 501 subjects with total joint arthroplasty at the baseline of the studies; 200 433 of them were confirmed serologic malnutrition, and 246 068 were confirmed normal nutrition. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of serologic malnutrition on postoperative wound infection problems after total joint arthroplasty using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.53–2.53, P < 0.001), higher superficial incisional surgical site infection (OR, 2.89; 95% CI, 1.67–5.01, P < 0.001), higher deep incisional surgical site infection (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.36–3.96, P < 0.001), and higher organ space surgical site infection (OR, 3.15; 95% CI, 2.34–4.24, P < 0.001) in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The serologic malnutrition subjects had a significantly higher wound disruption, superficial incisional surgical site infection, deep incisional surgical site infection, and organ space surgical site infection in subjects after total joint arthroplasty compared with normal nutrition. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low number of studies in certain comparisons.     

Bi‐layered living cellular construct resulted in greater healing in an alloxan‐induced diabetic porcine model

Tissue‐engineered skin constructs, including bi‐layered living cellular constructs (BLCC) used in the treatment of chronic wounds, are structurally/functionally complex. While some work has been performed to understand their mechanisms, the totality of how BLCC may function in wound healing remains unknown. To this end, we have developed a delayed wound healing model to test BLCC cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Diabetes was chemically‐induced using alloxan in Yucatan miniature pigs, and full‐thickness wounds were generated on their dorsum. These wounds were either allowed to heal by secondary intention alone (control) or treated with a single or multiple treatments of a porcine autologous BLCC. Results indicated a single treatment with porcine BLCC resulted in statistically significant wound healing at day 17, while four treatments resulted in statistically significant healing on days 10, 13, and 17 compared to control. Statistically accelerated wound closure was driven by re‐epithelialisation rather than contraction or granulation. This porcine diabetic model and the use of a porcine BLCC allowed evaluation of healing responses in vivo without the complications typically seen with either xenogenic responses of human/animal systems or the use of immune compromised animals, expanding the knowledge base around how BLCC may impact chronic wounds.     

Risk factors of wound infection after lung transplantation: a narrative review

Background and ObjectiveThe incidence of incision infection after lung transplantation is prominently high which affect the prognosis. Summarizing the risk factors related to incision infection after lung transplantation contribute to the control of incision infection by pre-controlling the risk factors. The objective is to summarize risk factors related to wound infection after lung transplantation.MethodsPubMed was used to research the literature relating to the risk factors to incision infection after lung transplantation through 1990 to 2022. The retrieval strategy were Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms combined entry terms. Two researchers conducted the literature retrieval independently. Two researchers independently evaluate the quality of the literature and summarize the indicators.Key Content and FindingsA total of 98 researches were collected from PubMed and 8 articles described the related risk factors of incision infection after lung transplantation. All of the 8 articles were retrospective studies, of which 4 articles were grouped by the delayed chest closure (DCC) execution and the other 4 articles were grouped by the surgical site infection (SSI) occurred. Two articles performed multivariate regression analysis to determine the independent risk factors of SSI after lung transplantation and the other 6 articles compared the SSI rate in different patients population. The integrated results showed that bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs), smoking status, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.ConclusionsBALs, smoking status, BMI, diabetes, operation duration, thoracic drainage tube placement time and DCC were related to the SSI after lung transplantation.     

感觉神经肽P物质在糖尿病大鼠皮肤损伤修复中的应用

目的 观察外源性感觉神经肽P物质(SP)在糖尿病大鼠皮肤伤口愈合中的作用.方法 链脲佐菌素(STZ)致糖尿病大鼠48只,行鼠背部脊柱两侧皮肤切割伤口后,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组24只.实验组伤后在伤口四周注射10-7mol/L的SP,每日2次,每个伤口 200μl/次,连续注射4天;对照组注射等量SP溶剂生理盐水.伤后4、7、10、14、17、21天用透明膜描记法记录伤口愈合面积,伤后4、7、10天取材检测肉芽组织羟脯氨酸总量和Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原含量.结果 实验组在伤后4、7、10、14天伤口愈合面积明显高于对照组(P<0.01),愈合时间比对照组缩短1周;伤后4、7、10天肉芽组织中羟脯氨酸含量、Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原含量明显高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 应用外源性SP明显促进糖尿病大鼠皮肤创伤愈合.     

负压封闭引流在严重多发伤创面治疗中的作用

目的 探讨负压封闭引流在严重多发伤创面治疗中的作用.方法 1998年6月～2007年7月对64例严重多发伤组织器官修复手术后头、腰骶部及腹腔脏器创面采用负压封闭引流治疗(VS).结果 VS治疗时间5～24天,平均为11.5天.创面或创腔全部治愈,直接通过VS治愈创面或创腔24例,采用游离皮瓣修复13例,局部皮瓣转位修复9例,植皮覆盖12例,Ⅱ期缝合6例.结论 VS能消除感染,充分引流和刺激创面肉芽组织快速生长,促进创面愈合,在严重多发伤创面治疗中发挥重要作用.但应合理掌握VS的应用指征,严格掌握VS的技术方法.     

普通手术室和层流洁净手术室对手术切口感染率的影响

目的了解手术室空气质量与手术切口感染率的关系。方法比较在普通手术室和层流洁净手术室施行的手术切口感染率。结果在普通手术室施行的17 707例手术中发生切口感染232例,切口感染率为1.31%;洁净手术室施行的8 931例手术中发生切口感染65例,切口感染率为0.73%;两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.005)。在普通手术室施行的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类手术切口感染率分别为0.59%、1.63%、5.23%,洁净手术室施行的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类手术切口感染率分别为0.25%、0.77%、6.06%,上述Ⅰ、Ⅱ类手术切口感染率差异均有显著性(分别为P<0.05,P<0.005),Ⅲ类手术切口感染率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论手术室采用层流空气净化系统可以明显降低Ⅰ、Ⅱ类手术切口感染率。     

Transperineal pelvic drainage combined with lateral position to promote perineal wound healing after abdominoperineal resection: A prospective cohort trial

Background:For the rectal cancer <5 cm from anal margin, extralevator abdominoperineal resection (eAPR) has been accepted widely by surgeons. However, the rate of perineal infection following up eAPR is approximately 70%. We did the study with the aim of evaluating the effect and safety of transperineal pelvic drainage combined with lateral position (TPDLP) on perineal wound in patients undergoing eAPR.Methods:Patients were randomly assigned to N-TPDLP group (standard arm) or TPDLP group (intervention arm). In the standard arm, surgery was completed after abdominal drainage tube was placed in pelvic. Comparatively, an additional transperineal wound drainage tube was applied in the experimental arm. Postoperatively, patients of both 2 groups were informed not to sit to reduce perineal compression until the perineal wound healed. But lateral position was demanded in the intervention arm. The primary endpoint was the rate of uncomplicated perineal wound healing defined as a Southampton wound score of <2 at 30 days postoperatively. Patients were followed for 6 months.Results:In total, 60 patients were randomly assigned to standard arm (n = 31) and intervention arm (n = 29). The mean perineal wound healing time was 34.2 (standard deviation [SD] 10.9) days in TPDLP arm, which significantly differ from 56.4 (SD 34.1) in N-TPDLP arm (P = .001). At 30 days postoperatively, 3 (10%) of 29 patients undergoing TPDLP were classified into grade 4 according to Southampton wound score, however, 16 (52%) of 31 patients were classified into grade 4 in control arm, and significantly difference was observed between randomization groups (P = .001). What''s more, perineal wound pain was assessed at 30 days postoperatively, and it is discovered that the pain degree of patients in control arm was significantly more severe than the interventive arm (P = .015).Conclusion:In the present study, we found that TPDLP generated a favorable prognosis for perineal wounds with acceptable side-effects.     

哺乳期化脓性乳腺炎伴乳漏病人患乳退奶治愈及健乳维持母乳喂养1例

<正>哺乳期化脓性乳腺炎多见于产后哺乳的妇女,以初产妇为多。胡新春[1]认为其发病原因为初产妇缺乏哺乳经验,易致乳汁淤积,乳头皲裂、乳头畸形、喂养含接不当、婴幼儿舌系带短、乳房外伤、哺乳期妇女的压力和疲劳等因素均可导致乳汁淤积。王颀等[2]认为急性乳腺炎初产妇占90%,感染途径是沿着输乳管先至乳汁淤积处,引起实质性乳腺炎或间质性乳腺炎[3]。已有脓肿形成者应及时切口引流或粗针穿刺抽脓,但3%～5%的病人并发乳漏,术后需长期换药,     

改良清创术在肢体开放性创伤伤口患者中的应用

目的：探讨改良清创术在肢体开放性创伤伤口的患者中的应用效果.方法：将我院2010年1月～2012年12月开放性外伤患者3513例随机分为对照组1688例和观察组1825例,对照组采用传统清创术,观察组伤后8h以内清创,采用改良清创术.比较两组患者Ⅰ期伤口愈合率和感染率.结果：观察组患者Ⅰ期伤口愈合率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,感染率低于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论：早期正确应用清创术,有利于创伤性伤口的Ⅰ期愈合,降低感染率,值得临床推广应用.