Dexamethasone suppression and multiple hormonal responses (TSH,prolactin and growth hormone) to TRH in some psychiatric disorders

Summary Baseline and TRH-induced changes of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) were measured in 15 healthy control subjects and 63 psychiatric inpatients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression (n = 19), schizophrenic disorder (n = 20), alcohol dependence (n = 10), and adjustment disorder (n = 14); baseline and postdexamethasone cortisol (CS) were also determined 3–6 days after the TRH-challenge. All patients and controls were women of similar mean age, weight, height, and they were free from interfering illness or drugs.Baseline TSH and PRL were lower in depression, TRH-induced TSH and PRL responses were lower in the whole patient group, but most markedly in depression and alcohol dependence. Postdexamethasone CS was significantly higher in depression, schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Basal GH did not differentiate the subgroups; TRH-induced pathological GH responses were sometimes found in the patient groups. The differences were most marked quantitatively in major depression: a multivariate analysis of variance showed that TSH, postdexamethasone CS and PRL were the most important variables in separating patients from controls. A discriminant function derived from these variables classified all controls and 18 of 19 depressed patients correctly; however, 25 of the 44 other patients were also classified with depression.It was confirmed that psychiatric patients show significantly more endocrine disturbances than controls, and this was seen not only in major depression but also in at least three other conditions. Further work is needed to identify other neuroendocrine patterns more specific to depressive disorder.     

Failure of the rabbit tibial growth plate to respond to the long-term application of a capacitively-coupled electrical field

A continuous 5-V peak-to-peak, 60 kHz capacitively-coupled sine wave signal was applied to the proximal tibial growth plate in fifteen 9-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits for 6 weeks. A pair of flexible stainless steel "injectrodes" was held in place medially and laterally on the surface of the proximal hindlimb in each rabbit by means of tape wrappings. The electrodes were connected to a 9-V battery-operated power unit carried in a dorsal pouch in a body vest worn by each rabbit. Control animals wore the identical apparatus, only the power unit was inactive. Small Tantalum markers were inserted into the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibial metaphysis 1 cm distal to the proximal tibial growth plate in all of the animals, control and experimental, 2 weeks prior to the onset of electrical stimulation. The distance between the proximal lateral tibial spine and the Tantalum marker, between the Tantalum marker and the apex of the distal tibial intercondylar notch, and between the proximal tibial spine and the distal notch was measured from roentgenograms made at the time of bone marker insertion, at the time of electrode application to the limb, and at the end of the stimulation period. Results indicate that there was no significant difference in tibial lengths between the stimulated and control groups. There was significantly less total body weight gain in both the experimental and control animals than that which occurred in paired normal animals during the same period of time. This failure to thrive may be responsible for the resultant lack of longitudinal growth stimulation of the capacitive coupling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

血清生长分化因子15水平与慢性淋巴细胞白血病发生风险的关联研究

目的 采用两样本孟德尔随机化研究方法探讨血清生长分化因子15(GDF15)水平与慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)发生之间的关联。方法 基于欧洲人群血清GDF15和CLL的全基因组关联研究公开数据库,筛选与血清GDF15水平相关的遗传变异位点作为工具变量,采用逆方差加权法评估遗传学预测的血清GDF15浓度与CLL发生的关联,采用最大似然比法进行敏感性分析,采用MR-Egger回归探讨工具变量潜在多效性。结果 研究共纳入3个单核苷酸多态位点作为工具变量,逆方差加权法结果显示,血清GDF15水平与CLL发生风险之间存在负相关,GDF15浓度每升高一个标准差(SD),CLL发生风险降低33%(95%置信区间:2%～54%)(P=0.039)。敏感性分析得到了一致的结果。此外,MR-Egger回归未发现存在多效性。结论 本研究结果提示,在欧洲人群中,血清GDF15水平与CLL发生之间可能存在负相关,仍需大样本人群研究及体内外实验进一步阐明GDF15在CLL发生发展中的作用及其潜在生物学机制。     

心内科抗凝老年患者静脉留置针穿刺部位及留置长度探讨

目的探讨心内科抗凝老年患者静脉留置针不同穿刺部位及留置长度的临床效果。方法 196例心内科抗凝老年患者分为对照组(A1组、 A2组)和观察组(B1组、 B2组),选择不同穿刺部位及留置长度进行静脉留置针穿刺,观察各组的留置时间、不良事件发生情况。结果 B2组的留置针平均留置时间显著长于A2组,不良事件发生率显著低于A2组(P <0.05)。结论对于心内科抗凝老年患者,前臂中1/3段穿刺并保留导管2 mm在体外,能延长留置时间,降低不良事件发生率。     

成年手术患者手术部位多重耐药菌感染及影响因素分析

目的 探讨手术部位多重耐药（MDRO）菌感染情况及危险因素,为手术部位感染的预防和治疗提供循证参考。方法 以2019—2020年焦作市某医院行手术治疗的成年患者作为研究对象,收集基本情况、疾病患者情况,从医院病历信息系统中调取患者手术及术前相关检测指标、用药情况等内容,对出现发热、切口红肿、引流液异常等疑似感染症状体征患者采集感染部位生物样本用于病原学培养及检测。采用描述流行病学分析方法对MDRO菌感染情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对MDRO菌感染影响因素进行分析。结果 7 820例进行手术治疗患者共发生MDRO菌感染250例,感染率为3.20%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌感染6例,鲍曼不动杆菌感染14例,铜绿假单胞菌感染29例,肺炎克雷伯菌感染34例,大肠埃希菌感染167例。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,糖尿病（OR=3.578）、肿瘤（OR=4.135）、贫血（OR=4.701）、入住ICU（OR=5.045）、脏器穿孔（OR=2.414）、切口分类为Ⅱ或Ⅲ类（OR=2.284、3.013）、手术有风险（OR=5.135）、抗菌药物应用≥2种（OR=2.340）、抗菌药物疗程≥5 d（OR=4.759）、再手术（OR=2.036）是成年手术患者发生MDRO菌感染的危险因素。结论 成年手术患者手术部位MDRO菌感染较为常见,相关危险因素较多,临床可根据以上因素加强围手术管理,减少MDRO菌感染的发生。     

2000~2019 年我国境内20 起医院空调系统火灾统计分析

将2000~2019年20起我国境内医院空调系统火灾数据进行统计并分析火灾的时间、起火医院的类型和等级、起火部位和点位的特点及产生的原因,希望给同行一些警示。     

北京市乳腺癌根治术后手术部位感染危险因素:一项多中心前瞻性监测结果

 目的 调查北京地区乳腺癌根治手术后手术部位感染（SSI）发病率及其危险因素。方法 通过北京医院感染监控管理系统,对全市83所二级及以上医疗机构进行乳腺癌根治/改良根治术前瞻性监测,应用SPSS 20.0软件对SSI情况进行描述分析及logistic回归分析。结果 共纳入2012—2017年监测数据库中8 248例病例,发生SSI 62例,发病率为0.75%。糖尿病、手术后入住过ICU、手术时长和ASA评分是乳腺癌根治/改良根治术患者SSI的危险因素。糖尿病患者相较于非糖尿病患者SSI的风险增加（OR=2.99,95%CI：1.33~6.73）;术后入住过ICU的患者发生SSI的风险是未入住过ICU的5.72倍（OR=5.72,95%CI：1.68~19.45）;手术时间每增加1 h,术后感染的风险增加27%（OR=1.27,95%CI：1.11~1.46）;ASA评分每高一个级别,SSI的风险将增加54%（OR=1.54,95%CI：1.01~2.35）。结论 多中心大样本的目标监测提示2012—2017年北京地区乳腺癌手术后SSI发病率较低。糖尿病、入住过ICU、手术时间和ASA评分应作为预判SSI的重要因素,在综合考虑影响患者SSI的因素后制定个性化预防策略。     

多发性创伤骨折手术部位感染影响因素巢式病例对照研究

目的应用巢式病例对照研究模式分析多发性创伤骨折患者手术部位感染(SSI)的影响因素,为多发性创伤骨折患者SSI防治提供参考依据。方法以入院确诊多发性创伤骨折为起点、出院为终点,应用巢式病例对照研究方式,将2018年1月-2019年7月发生SSI的患者纳入SSI组,当队列内每出现1例SSI患者时,在该队列尚未出现SSI的患者中同步选取入院间隔时间<1周、骨折部位数量相近(±1个)、性别相同的患者,按1∶2比例匹配非SSI组。32例发生SSI患者纳入SSI组,按巢式病例对照研究方式选取同队列的64例患者作为非SSI组;采集患者一般资料、手术资料,归纳多发性创伤骨折患者SSI的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示,年龄、营养风险、免疫功能障碍、低温、非手术区域感染、住院时间、引流导管留置时间、卧床时间和创伤指数对多发性创伤骨折患者手术部位感染有一定影响(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、营养风险、低温均是多发性创伤骨折患者SSI的影响因素(P<0.001)。结论多发性创伤骨折患者SSI的发生与年龄、营养风险、低温等密切相关,临床应重视具备以上影响因素的患者,积极应对可控因素,降低SSI风险。     

抗菌药物对骨科围术期预防感染的影响

目的探究抗菌药物对骨科围术期预防感染的影响。方法选择2016年1月-2019年1月瑞安市人民医院骨科收治的手术患者82例,随机数表法分为对照组和研究组,每组各41例,其中对照组围术期给予常规应用抗菌药物,研究组围术期给予干预性应用抗菌药物,观察两组抗菌药物使用情况、抗菌药物费用,并对抗菌药物使用的合理性进行评价。结果研究组住院时间、手术部位感染、治疗各项费用均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组体温异常情况比较,无统计学差异;两组围术期抗菌药物使用均主要以单一用药为主,研究组单一用药多于对照组,二联用药低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组在抗菌药物品种选择、预防用药时机、术后用药时间等围术期抗菌药物使用合理率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗前肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、IL-8、C-反应蛋白(CRP)各项血清炎性因子水平比较,无统计学差异;治疗后,两组血清炎性因子水平均下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论干预性应用抗菌药物对骨科围术期预防感染效果显著,在降低手术部位感染发生率的同时,提高抗菌药物使用合理性、缩短住院时间、降低住院费用。