创伤性膈疝的X线与CT诊断分析

目的分析X线与CT在创伤性膈疝中的诊断价值及影像特点。方法对经X线、CT检查的35例创伤性膈疝患者(经手术证实)进行回顾性分析。结果①创伤性膈疝多发生于左侧膈肌,该组病例中X线与CT对该病的诊断符合率分别为68.6%和100%。②CT不仅可以明确诊断膈疝,还可判断膈破裂口的位置、大小、疝入物内容。③判断多脏器复合受损情况:CT在诊断肺挫裂伤方面与X线无显著性差异(P>0.05);CT在诊断液气胸、腹腔积液方面明显优于X线(分别为P<0.01,P<0.05);X线在诊断肋骨骨折方面明显优于CT(P<0.01);X线对肝、脾、脑、肾等实质性脏器的损伤方面无诊断价值。结论X线、CT在诊断创伤性膈疝中有着极其重要的作用,且CT是一种更敏感的检查方法,对创伤性膈疝的早期诊断及治疗、挽救患者生命有重大的意义。     

老年人前列腺增生合并腹股沟疝的同期手术效果评价

目的评价70~89岁老年人前列腺增生合并腹股沟疝同期手术治疗的效果,总结临床经验。方法回顾性分析32例70~89岁患者行经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP),同时行无张力疝修补术的临床资料和随访结果。结果平均手术时间(85.0±12.8)min,平均术中出血(90.0±18.7)ml,术中、术后无死亡和危及生命的并发症发生。随访7~40个月,未见疝复发及尿失禁、尿道狭窄等并发症,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率和残余尿量与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论70~89岁老年人同期施行TURP和无张力疝修补术是安全的,效果满意。     

Richter’s hernia occurring through a 5-mm laparoscopy sheath incision

We report a case of postoperative Richter’s hernia presenting through a 5-mm sheath incision. A 58-year-old woman having undergone laparoscopic hysterectomy 8 days before presented with severe left abdominal pain, nausea and light-headedness. The hypothesis of a sigmoid volvulus was suggested based on peroperative rectum and sigmoid release, the X-ray finding, and pain evolution. A secondary laparoscopic procedure allowed both diagnosis of a Richter’s hernia through a 5-mm sheath incision and surgical repair of the hernia. The use of this sheath during the laparoscopic vagina suture caused extension of the wound. Large 5-mm sheath defect sufficient for a Richter’s hernia can be created by multiple passes with small instruments and require surgical closure at the end of laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is useful in cases of postoperative complications, particularly when other complementary examinations are less informative.     

外伤性膈疝的X线CT表现与临床对照

目的 加深对膈疝的临床X线和CT征象的认识及影像检查方法的选择。方法 回顾性分析了本院收治的14例患者,将其X线CT表现与临床所见相对照。结果 X线和CT检查共发现14例膈疝患者,包括左侧膈疝者13例,右侧膈疝1例。左侧膈疝患者中11例为胃疝,另外1例为大网膜疝,1例为肠道和大网膜疝;11例胃疝者中,9例合并肠道和大网膜疝,1例合并大网膜疝,2例合并肠道疝,2例合并肝疝,2例合并脾疝：1例右侧膈疝者疝内容物为部分肝右叶及肠道,与手术所见一致。结论 胸腹部X线平片、钡餐检查及胸部上腹部CT扫描不仅能对膈疝做出正确的诊断,而且对临床手术指导具有重要的临床治疗意义。     

Hernia formation after single‐stage umbilical vein marsupialization in three Percheron foals diagnosed with septic omphalophlebitis

Septic omphalophlebitis is a common disease process with a variety of morbidities and possible mortality. Affected umbilical remnant resection is highly successful but may not always be possible. Umbilical marsupialization can be implemented when total resection cannot be accomplished with minimally reported complications. Umbilical vein marsupialization was performed on three Percheron foals with extensive septic omphalophlebitis using the one‐stage paramedian translocation technique and prolonged postoperative antimicrobial therapy. Long‐term follow‐up revealed herniation at the marsupialization site in all foals. Two foals were subsequently treated with herniorrhaphy at the prior marsupialization site. One foal died due to septic peritonitis with hernia formation 3 months after marsupialization. This case series highlights hernia formation as a potential complication following one‐stage umbilical vein marsupialization in foals diagnosed with septic omphalophlebitis and should be considered as a possible postoperative complication.     

Evaluation of 4-hand reduction for obturator hernia with the guidance of sonography as a new treatment strategy: A retrospective study

To evaluate the effectiveness of 4-hand reduction for obturator hernia with the guidance of sonography (FROGS) as a new treatment strategy for obturator hernia. Since November 2019, FROGS was performed for all patients with obturator hernia at our emergency department. We retrospectively compared the clinical data of 20 patients who underwent FROGS (after FROGS group) to those of 23 patients who did not (before FROGS group). All patients except one were female. The male-to-female ratio, age, duration of symptoms, lesion site, and predisposing factors did not significantly differ between groups. However, the diameter of the prolapsed bowel and the body mass index of the after FROGS group were significantly larger and lower, respectively. Manual reduction was successfully performed for all 20 patients in the after FROGS group, and bowel resection was avoided for all 20 cases. However, 14 patients in the before FROGS group underwent manual reduction; of these, only one was successfully treated using a method other than FROGS, and 8 patients underwent bowel resection. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of postprocedural complications or mortality within 30 days of hernia presentation. The FROGS technique was safe and reproducible and could be used as the first choice of treatment for patients with obturator hernia.     

Tension-free hiatal hernia repair with biological mesh: A real-world experience

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and esophagoplasty are the standards for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia (HH) repair. Biologically derived mesh is also associated with reduced recurrence. This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of a biological mesh in the 4K laparoscopic repair of HH. This retrospective study reviewed patients with a severe GERD complicated with HH from August 2019 to August 2020. All patients underwent the HH repair using a biological mesh under a 4K laparoscope accompanying Nissen fundoplication. Up to 16 months postoperatively, GERD-health-related quality-of-life (GERD-HRQL) scale, radiologic studies on HH recurrence, and symptoms were recorded. The mean surgical time and postoperative hospital stay were 70.9 ± 8.72 min, 4.8 ± 0.76 days, respectively. The postoperative symptom relief rate was 96.5%, and no recurrence exhibited during follow-up. Dysphagia occurred in 10 (9.43%) patients. There were no intraoperative vagus nerve injury or postoperative complications, mesh infection, and reoperation for mesh. The tension-free repair of HH with the biological mesh is an option for clinical use, with effectiveness and few short-term complications being reported.     

儿童腹股沟疝先天性危险因素的病例对照研究

[摘要] 目的 探讨儿童腹股沟疝发生的先天性危险因素。方法 采用以医院为基础的1:1配对病例对照研究方法,对201例0～6岁腹股沟疝患儿和201例0～6岁对照儿童的情况进行问卷调查,用χ2检验和条件Logistic回归对所收集资料进行单因素及多因素分析,计算OR值（比值比）及OR值的95%CI（可信区间）。结果 儿童腹股沟疝家族史（OR=12.178,95%CI：5.495~26.990）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月贫血史（OR=5.143,95%CI：2.021~13.088）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月饮茶习惯（OR=1.800,95%CI：1.039~3.119）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月腌制品摄入（OR=2.339,95%CI：1.298~4.217）、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月被动吸烟史（OR=1.851,95%CI：1.064~3.222）与儿童腹股沟疝的发病有关。结论 儿童腹股沟疝家族史、母亲孕前1月和孕期头3个月贫血、被动吸烟、饮茶习惯和腌制品摄入是儿童腹股沟疝发生的先天性危险因素。 [关键词]腹股沟疝 儿童 先天性,危险因素 配对病例对照研究     

Neonatal perforated appendicitis in incarcerated inguinal hernia in the differential diagnosis of testis torsion

Appendicitis in newborns is uncommon and difficult to diagnose. Reports on neonatal appendicitis subsequent to inguinal hernia incarceration are exceptionally rare. We present the case of a 26‐day‐old infant with perforated appendicitis due to incarceration of a right inguinal hernia, mimicking right testicular torsion.