BOLD Based Functional MRI at 4 Tesla Includes a Capillary Bed Contribution: Echo-Planar Imaging Correlates with Previous Optical Imaging Using Intrinsic Signals

We show that the EPI time course in functional MR imaging at 4 Tesla displays a multiphasic response in response to photic stimulation. Focal areas of gray matter display an initial negative change in signal intensity that reaches a maximum of 1 % about 2 s after the onset of photic stimulation. This component then changes sign, reaching a positive maximum about 5 s after the onset of the stimulus. Other areas, including those where draining veins are visible, show only a positive signal change, reaching a maximum of about 6% after the onset of the visual stimulus. These time constants are in very good agreement with published data obtained with intrinsic optical mapping techniques, where a deoxygenation phase has been shown to occur in functionally specific cortical columns, followed by an increase in blood volume which is more distributed in nature. Thus, we believe there is strong evidence that a sensitivity to capillary oxygenation state is present in high S/N functional MR images obtained with EPI at 4 T.     

SF-3000血液分析仪的应用评价

目的：为了解SYSMEX公司生产的SF-3000型血液分析仪的主要性能，对该仪器性能进行评价。方法：使用静脉EDTA-K2抗凝新鲜全血及厂家提供的质控品，对主要参数及白细胞分类以双盲法作了评价。结果：全血样品的红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞比容(HCT)的平均批内精密度(CV)均小于1％，白细胞(WBC)平均批内精密度(CV)为1．02％，血小板(PLT)平均批内精密度(CV)为4．21％。质控品性质稳定，上述5项参数20天问重复性测定：低值、高值质控物RBC、HGB、HCT的CV均小于1％。低值质控：PLTCV为6．27％，WBCCV为1．76％。高值质控：PLTCV为2．28％，WBCCV为1．01％．仪器白细胞5分类与显微镜检查结果比较，具有很好的相关性。结论：鉴于该仪器主要指标评价结果符合设计要求，SF-3000是一台较理想的全自动血液分析仪。     

Fetal hemoglobin reactivation in baboon and man: A short perspective

Present concepts of the mechanism of reactivation of synthesis of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in the adult under conditions of erythropoietic stress are briefly reviewed. Since HbF can be considered an effective natural antisickling agent, the reactivation of its synthesis in patients with sickle cell anemia as a desirable therapeutic goal has been extensively explored since the discovery in 1982 that 5-azacytidine increases HbF levels in the baboon. Hydroxyurea (HU) has become the most widely used agent, although its effectiveness in increasing HbF levels and the number of F cells is highly variable. Recent investigations are cited showing that other agents such as butyrate, and the addition of recombinant hemopoietic growth factors, such as erythropoietin and stem cell factor, especially in combination with HU, offer important therapeutic possibilities. Transacting nuclear proteins are briefly discussed as possibly having a future role in the efforts of stimulating γ-chain synthesis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Linkage analysis of the hemoglobin F determinant(s) in an australian hemoglobin lepore (Boston) kindred

Genetic determinants that influence the levels of fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) in a single Australian kindred with heterozygous Hb Lepore (Boston) were sought. There were 22 affected individuals, some of whom had high Hb F and others with Hb F levels within the normal range. Family members were typed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) associated with the β-globin gene complex and the nearby genetic markers D11S12, INS, HRAS, and PTH. Prior to linkage analysis, a cohort of 54 unrelated Hb Lepore heterozygotes was analyzed to establish the distribution of Hb F levels measured by alkaline denaturation (Hb F_AD). An Hb F level of >2.0% was used as the cutoff point for linkage analysis of the putative hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) determinant(s) in this kindred. Positive peak lod scores were obtained for the entire pedigree between the HPFH determinant and Hb Lepore (Z_m+1 = 2.35 at θ = 0.15) and the β-globin cluster (HBBC) (Z_m+1 = 2.38 at θ = 0.20) marker loci, indicating the possibility of an independent HPFH gene at some distance from the β-globin gene cluster. However, most of these lod scores result from the non-Hb Lepore members of the family who, with one exception, do not have high Hb F, and when only those affected with Hb Lepore were analyzed the lod score values at these loci fell to small positive values (<1.0). These data do not support an independent cosegregating HPFH determinant separate from the Hb Lepore locus in this pedigree. The results favor a pleiotropic effect of the Hb Lepore lesion itself influencing Hb F levels by genetic or environmental factors not yet elucidated.     

不同时间结扎脐带对新生儿Hb、HCT和SF的影响

目的比较不同时间点结扎脐带对新生儿血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)和血清铁蛋白(SF)水平的影响。方法选取2017年3月至2018年5月于丽水市人民医院定期产检且足月分娩的正常新生儿385例作为研究对象。根据新生儿脐带结扎时间的不同,将其分为新生儿娩出后即刻结扎脐带组(A组189例)和新生儿娩出后延迟2min结扎脐带组(B组196例)。比较两组新生儿生后24h、1月龄和3月龄时Hb、HCT和SF水平的差异。结果 B组新生儿生后24h时的Hb和HCT水平较A组均明显增高(t值分别为13.22、3.88,均P <0.01),而两组的SF水平比较无明显差异(t=1.59,P>0.05)。B组新生儿1月龄时的Hb和SF水平均较A组明显增高(t值分别为7.84、30.04,均P <0.01),而两组的HCT水平比较无明显差异(t=0.93,P>0.05)。B组新生儿3月龄时的SF水平较A组明显增高(t=40.70,P <0.01),而两组的Hb和HCT水平比较均无明显差异(t值分别为1.70、0.89,均P>0.05)。两组新生儿高胆红素血症、黄疸及红细胞增多症发生率比较均无明显差异(χ~2值分别为0.13、0.65、0.93,均P>0.05)。结论相比新生儿娩出后即刻结扎脐带,延迟2min结扎脐带可有效改善新生儿铁储存的状况。     

Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Prediabetes in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: prediabetes prevention and management are the main methods used to combat the prevalence of diabetes. Exploratory factor analysis is an upcoming method that is successful in identifying dietary patterns that correlate with healthy or unhealthy outcomes. Aim: this study aims to identify dietary patterns in Taiwan that are associated with the risk of prediabetes. Methods: anthropometric, blood glucose, 3 d/24 h dietary records, and food frequency questionnaire data were collected from subjects recruited at Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital. The following five dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis: Western, prudent, convenience, Asian traditional, and continental. This cross-sectional study compares tertiles of dietary patterns and analyzes the significance of the characteristics. Results: the Western and the prudent patterns are the major dietary patterns found in other studies. A higher factor loading in the Western pattern is significantly related to a higher risk of prediabetes. A higher factor loading in the continental pattern is significantly related to a lower risk of prediabetes. Conclusion: decreasing meat and seafood consumption while increasing egg, coffee, and milk consumption may be associated with a decreased risk for prediabetes.     

血浆促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇水平与1型糖尿病患儿糖化血红蛋白水平的相关性研究

目的 分析促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(CORT)与1型糖尿病(T1DM)患儿糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平的相关性,为T1DM的临床诊断提供科学依据。 方法 选择2014年1月—2018年12月在唐山市妇幼保健院内分泌科就诊的T1DM患儿105例为T1DM组,另选同期在本院健康体检儿童105例作为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各观察对象在1 d内各时间点(8:00、16:00、24:00)的血浆ACTH、CORT水平,Pearson相关分析法分析T1DM患儿血浆ACTH、CORT日平均水平与空腹血糖(FPG)、HbA1c等指标相关性,Logistic回归分析影响T1DM发病的因素。 结果 与对照组比较,T1DM组患儿甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、FPG与HbA1c水平显著升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);T1DM组患儿血浆ACTH、CORT在8:00、16:00、24:00表达水平和日平均水平显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);相关性分析显示,T1DM患儿血浆ACTH、CORT日平均表达水平与血浆FPG、HbA1c呈正相关(r_ACTH=0.717、0.585、r_CORT=0.636、0.696,P<0.01);Logistic回归分析显示ACTH、CORT是T1DM患儿发病的独立危险因素。结论 ACTH、CORT在T1DM患儿血浆中高表达,其与HbA1c有一定相关性,是T1DM患儿发病的独立危险因素,可作为T1DM血糖控制好有效的评价指标。     

MCV、MCH 用于地中海贫血筛查的能效验证

目的 分析地中海贫血不同基因型MCV、MCH值,参照2020年地中海贫血妊娠期管理专家共识(简称共识),验证共识MCV、MCH截断值的筛查能效,为临床诊疗及遗传咨询提供数据参考。 方法 选取2016年10月—2021年2月在湖南省妇幼保健院进行婚检、孕检对象, 以全自动血细胞分析仪检测MCV、MCH,Gap-PCR检测三种常见缺失型α地贫突变,RDB-PCR检测三种常见α地贫点突变和17 种常见β地贫点突变,收集地贫基因检测阳性样本数据3 234例进行统计分析。 结果 3 234例地贫阳性样本中,血常规MCV、MCH值随着地贫临床分型的加重逐渐降低,静止型a地贫及轻型地贫αCSα/αα、CAPM/N基因型MCV、MCH均值均高于共识截断值,漏检率分别为61.73%、79.37%、100.00%;轻型β地贫βEM/N基因型MCV、MCH均值位于共识截断值附近,漏检率35.00%;其他基因型(除外个别复合地贫)MCV、MCH均值都低于共识准截断值,漏检率0%～5%左右。 结论 不同地贫基因型MCV、MCH值有相应的取值范围,根据共识推荐的截断值(MCV<82 fl和(或)MCH<27 pg)筛查地贫携带者,可能导致静止型地贫及轻型地贫αCSα/αα、βEM/N、CAPM/N基因型高漏检,夫妻同步筛查MCV、MCH可以大幅提高只筛查孕妇的筛查能效。     

米非司酮联合左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统治疗子宫出血的有效性及对维生素A、维生素E的影响

目的探讨分析米非司酮联合左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统治疗子宫出血的有效性及对维生素A、E的影响。方法选2019年4月-2020年3月入医院治疗的功能失调性子宫出血患者100例,依据治疗方案的不同分组。对照组米非司酮治疗,研究组米非司酮联合左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统治疗。对比两组患者卵泡早期子宫内膜厚度、月经量、血红蛋白浓度、维生素A、E水平,两组治疗效果对比以及对比两组患者药物不良反应状况。结果经治疗研究组患者月经量、卵泡早期子宫内膜厚度均低于对照组,维生素A、E水平、血红蛋白浓度高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组疗效好于对照组(P<0.05);研究组不良反应几率与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对对功能失调性子宫出血患者应用米非司酮联合左炔诺孕酮宫内节育系统治疗,临床疗效显著,可调节月经量、卵泡早期子宫内膜厚度、维生素A、E及血红蛋白浓度,且不会加重药物不良反应。