老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病早期肾损伤相关因素

目的：探讨影响老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者早期肾损伤的临床指标。方法收集入住于宁夏人民医院呼吸内科的60例COPD患者作为研究对象（COPD组）;选择该院体检中心的30例健康体检者（对照亚组）。亚组：60例COPD组依据患病时间分为病程≤10年亚组和病程＞10年亚组;依据营养状况分为营养欠佳亚组和营养正常亚组。营养状况主要测定COPD患者白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（Hb）、总胆固醇（TC）水平。评估COPD组及对照组的血清肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞百分比（NE%）、血清胱抑素C（CysC）及估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）等指标。结果与对照组比较,COPD组SCr、BUN、WBC、NE%差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,eGFR, ALB,Hb,TC均明显降低,CysC 及β2-MG明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;亚组分析,与病程≤10年亚组和营养状况正常亚组比较,血清CysC及β2-MG浓度在病程＞10年亚组及营养状况欠佳亚组均明显升高（P＜0.05）;eGFR在病程＞10年亚组明显低于病程≤10年亚组（P＜0.05）;SCr在各亚组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;Pearson线性相关性分析：eGFR与ALB和Hb呈正相关,与患病时间呈负相关;CysC和β2-MG与eGFR呈负相关。结论老年COPD患者存在早期肾损伤,随COPD病程延长及ALB,Hb,TC降低,早期肾损伤加重;患病时间、血清ALB和Hb水平影响老年COPD患者慢性缺氧早期肾损伤,与早期肾损伤呈线性相关。     

血清糖化血红蛋白和IL-6对非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病风险的预测价值探讨*

目的 探讨血清糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)预测非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发病风险的价值。方法 2014年3月～2015年9月在我院行体检的健康人群658名,进行为期3年的随访。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-6水平,应用Logistic回归分析NAFLD发生的独立危险因素。结果 在658名体检人群中,随访发现86例(13.1%)发生NAFLD;NAFLD患者BMI为(26.4±2.5)kg/m²,显著大于572例健康人[(21.3±2.6) kg/m²,P＜0.05];NAFLD患者血清ALT、AST和GGT水平分别为(55.1±7.2)U/L、(63.1±9.3)U/L和(73.6±6.2)U/L,显著高于健康人[分别为(23.5±6.3)U/L、(21.7±4.4)U/L和(25.1±6.4)U/L,P＜0.05];NAFLD患者血TG、LDL-C、FPG和2hPG分别为(2.5±1.1)mmol/L、(1.1±0.2)mmol/L、(5.8±1.0)mmol/L 和(7.6±2.3)mmol/L,与健康人[分别为(1.2±0.3)mmol/L、(1.4±0.3)mmol/L、(5.0±0.8)mmol/L 和(6.6±2.1)mmol/L,P＜0.05]比,差异显著;NAFLD患者血清HbA1c为(6.0±0.9)%,显著高于健康人[(5.0±0.6)%,P＜0.05],NAFLD患者血清IL-6水平为(13.3±4.2)ng/L,显著高于健康人[(3.1±0.8)ng/L,P＜0.05];多元Logistic回归分析结果显示HbA1c(OR=1.355,95%CI:1.121～2.315)和IL-6(OR=1.368,95%CI:1.056～2.685)是NAFLD发生的独立危险因素。结论 血清HbA1c和IL-6异常升高对NAFLD的诊断具有一定的预测价值,值得进一步研究。     

NAFLD合并T2DM患者糖化血红蛋白和甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义*

目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)和甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法 2017年4月～2019年3月我院内分泌科就诊的T2DM患者50例和NAFLD合并T2DM患者55例,检测人体学指标,采用电化学发光法检测空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,采用胶体金法检测血糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)水平,采用化学发光免疫分析法测定血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT4)和促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平。结果 NAFLD合并T2DM患者体质指数(BMI)为(28.4±2.7)kg/m²,显著大于T2DM患者【(24.0±2.4)kg/m²,P<0.05】,NAFLD合并T2DM患者腰围为(94.5±8.5)cm,显著大于T2DM患者【(84.0±7.6)cm,P<0.05】,NAFLD合并T2DM患者臀围为(97.1±8.0)cm,显著大于T2DM患者【(89.7±7.2)cm,P<0.05】;NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平为(79.5±7.6)U/L,显著高于T2DM患者【(42.3±4.3)U/L,P<0.05】,NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清谷草转氨酶(AST)水平为(59.7±6.1)U/L,显著高于T2DM患者【(41.2±3.9)U/L,P<0.05】,NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平为(105.8±9.4)U/L,显著高于T2DM患者【(60.9±6.5)U/L,P<0.05】;NAFLD合并T2DM患者血甘油三酯(TG)水平为(4.2±1.7) mmol/L,显著高于T2DM患者【(2.4±0.9)mmol/L,P<0.05】,NAFLD合并T2DM患者空腹血胰岛素(FINS)水平为(12.0±2.5)mU/L,显著大于T2DM患者【(9.1±1.8)mU/L,P<0.05】;NAFLD合并T2DM患者血清TSH水平为(3.4±1.2)mU/L,显著大于T2DM患者【(1.9±0.8)mU/L,P<0.05】,而两组FT3和FT4水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 NAFLD合并T2DM患者BMI、肝功能指标、TG、FINS和TSH水平均显著增大或升高,与T2DM患者有明显的不同,在临床诊治过程中应当有所甄别,深入研究NAFLD患者发病机制对诊治将大有裨益。     

Prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and the level of glycemic control in diabetes (DM).MethodsPatients with type 2 DM treated in our clinic were prospectively recruited into the study. Pancreatic diabetes was excluded. Cases with HbA1c ≥7% formed Group A (n = 59), and with HbA1c <7% Group B (n = 42). The fecal level of pancreatic elastase (PE-1) was measured and morphological examinations of the pancreas were performed.ResultsThe PE-1 level was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (385.9 ± 171.1 μg/g, vs. 454.6 ± 147.3 μg/g, p = 0.038). The PE-1 level was not correlated with HbA1c (r = −0.132, p = 0.187), the duration of DM (r = −0.046, p = 0.65), age (r = 0.010, p = 0.921), BMI (r = 0.203, p = 0.059), or pancreatic steatosis (r = 0.117, p = 0.244). The size of the pancreas did not differ significantly between Groups A and B.ConclusionsAn exocrine pancreatic insufficiency demonstrated by fecal PE-1 determination is more frequent in type 2 DM patients with poor glycemic control. The impaired exocrine pancreatic function cannot be explained by an alteration in the size of the pancreas or by pancreatic steatosis.     

Effect of Atorvastatin on blood ketone levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single arm pilot study

Background and aimsCholesterol and ketone bodies are synthesized in liver from a common precursor acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Statins by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis may lead to accumulation of acetyl-CoA in hepatocytes and its diversion towards ketogenesis. Ketone bodies may act as alternative energy source thus sparing blood glucose and contributing to hyperglycemia. The present study aims to assess the effect of Atorvastatin therapy on blood ketone levels and glycemic control in patients with T2DM.MethodsStudy included 24 statin naïve subjects with T2DM. They were prescribed tablet Atorvastatin at dose of 10 mg once daily at bedtime. Ongoing anti-diabetic medications were not changed. Estimation of blood ketones, urine ketones, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid parameters was carried out at baseline and at 3 months after starting Atorvastatin.ResultsThere was moderate but significant increase in blood ketones (0.16 ± 0.08 mmol/L vs. 0.26 ± 0.07 mmol/L; p-value = 0.0000), FPG (133.8 ± 17.91 mg/dL vs. 143.3 ± 22.99 mg/dL; p-value = 0.0016) and PPG (193.0 ± 36.54 mg/dL vs. 211.0 ± 49.51 mg/dL; p-value = 0.0344) after 3 months of Atorvastatin therapy. This was associated with significant reduction in serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionThree months therapy with Atorvastatin at the dose of 10 mg once daily at bedtime in patients with T2DM resulted in moderate rise in blood ketone levels, FPG and PPG in addition to improvement in lipid parameters.     

Glycated hemoglobin A: A predictor of outcome in trauma admissions to intensive care unit

Background and Aim:

Although large studies have demonstrated the association between hyperglycemia and adverse intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes, it is yet unclear which subset of patients benefit from tight sugar control in ICU. Recent evidence suggests that stress induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and co-incidentally detected diabetes mellitus are different phenomena with different prognoses. Differentiating SIH from diabetic hyperglycemia is challenging in ICU settings. We followed a cohort of trauma patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) to evaluate if initial glycated hemoglobin A (HbA₁c) level predicts the outcome of admission.

Materials and Methods:

A cohort of 120 consecutive admissions to SICU following trauma were recruited and admission blood sugar and HbA₁c were measured. Outcomes were prospectively measured by blinded ICU doctors. A logistic regression model was developed to assess if HbA₁c predicts poor outcomes in these settings.

Results:

Nearly 24% of the participants had HbA₁c ≥ 6. Those with HbA₁c ≥ 6 had 3.14 times greater risk of poor outcome at the end of hospital stay when compared to those with HbA₁c < 6 and this risk increased to an odds ratio of 4.57 on adjusting for other significant predictors: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, injury severity score, admission blood sugar and age at admission.

Conclusions:

Substantial proportion of trauma admissions has underlying diabetes. HbA₁c, a measure of pre admission glycaemic status is an important predictor of ICU outcome in trauma patients.     

地中海贫血血液学筛查参数MCH和MCV的大人群相关分析

目的探讨地中海贫血（地贫）筛查的血液学参数平均红细胞血红蛋白量（MCH）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）的大人群相关性。方法收集4920份育龄人的外周血样品;测定样品的MCH和MCV,再进行地贫基因诊断;全体、非地贫、地贫的样品再按性别划分,共9个组别;计算每组的MCH和MCV的相关系数和拟合方程。结果经基因诊断确诊,非地贫4463例,地贫457例,α-地贫311例、β-地贫133例、α复合 β-地贫13例;全体、非地贫、地贫3组的MCH和MCV相关系数分别为0.965、0.880、0.968;按性别划分时,女性的该相关系数比男性稍高。结论在大人群（育龄）地贫筛查中,地贫携带者的MCH和MCV高度显著相关。本结果为大人群地贫筛查策略的制定、参数选取与分析提供依据。     

Childhood Diabetes in the Nordic Countries: A Comparison of Quality Registries

Background:In 2008 a Nordic collaboration was established between the quality registries in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden to improve quality of care for children with diabetes. This study aimed to describe those registries and confirm that the registry variables are comparable. Selected variables were used to demonstrate outcome measurements.Methods:The organization of the registries and methodology are described. Cross-sectional data for patients between birth and 14.9 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus in 2009 (n = 6523) from 89 centers were analyzed. Variables were age, gender, and diabetic ketoacidosis at onset, together with age, gender, HbA1c, insulin regimen, and severe hypoglycemia at follow-up in 2009.Results:All 4 registries use a standardized registration at the onset of diabetes and at follow-up, conducted at the local pediatric diabetes centers. Methods for measuring HbA1c varied as did methods of registration for factors such as hypoglycemia. No differences were found between the outcomes of the clinical variables at onset. Significant variations were found at follow-up for mean HbA1c, the proportion of children with HbA1c < 57 mmol/mol (NGSP/DCCT 7.4%), (range 15-31%), the proportion with insulin pumps (range 34-55%), and the numbers with severe hypoglycemia (range 5.6-8.3/100 patient years).Conclusions:In this large unselected population from 4 Nordic countries, a high proportion did not reach their treatment target, indicating a need to improve the quality of pediatric diabetes care. International collaboration is needed to develop and harmonize quality indicators and offers possibilities to study large geographic populations, identify problems, and share knowledge.     

溶血对27项西门子ADVIA 2400生化检验项目的影响及纠正

目的：利用溶血指数探讨标本溶血对常规生化检验项目的影响。方法：参考美国临床实验室标准化委员会（CLSI）制定的评价方案EP7-A2文件标准程序,在西门子全自动生化分析仪ADVIA 2400上对40份标本的27 项生化常规检测项目及溶血指数进行检测。利用机械破坏法对这40 份标本的血球进行不同程度的破坏,得到溶血程度分别为+、++、+++、++++标本各10份,再对这40份人工溶血标本进行27项生化项目及溶血指数检测,计算各项目溶血前后的结果偏倚,并与CLIA’88能力比对的最大允许误差比较。以每份测试血清的△H为X 轴、其对应的检测项目干扰值为Y 轴绘制干扰曲线。结果：不同溶血程度对DBil、TBil、PA、TP、TG、UA、Alb、ALP、ALT、BUN、ChE、TC、Cr、GGT、HDL、LDL、Ca、P、Mg、Na+和Cl-这21个生化项目无明显干扰;溶血程度为+时,Glu存在明显负干扰,AST、K+和LDH存在明显正干扰;CK在溶血程度为++ 时出现明显正干扰;Fe在溶血程度为+++时出现明显正干扰。结论：溶血程度为+时,对西门子ADVIA 2400测定AST、K+、Glu和LDH存在明显干扰;若无法重新采集血标本,需根据相应的溶血指数将检测结果校正后报告。