Analysis of clinical prognosis in patients with non-hepatic hyperammonemia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of non-hepatic hyperammonemia (NHH) with the prognosis of critically ill patients with NHH.According to the serum ammonia level, the patients with NHH (n = 498) were retrieved by us. The risk factors of the mortality with NHH patients were investigated by conducting univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram to predict the risk of hospital mortality was constructed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted to compare nomogram (ammonia into a prognostic model, P1) with the simplified acute physiology II (SAPSII) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA).Five independent factors for the mortality in patients with NHH were identified, including age, platelets, bun, hemoglobin, and ammonia. Models P1 using ammonia showed good prediction power. The AUROC of P1 (AUROC, 0.755 [95% CI, 0.713–0.796]) was higher than that of qSOFA (AUROC, 0.500 [95% CI, 0.449–0.551]), and SAPS II (AUROC, 0.703[95% CI, 0.658–0.748]).Ammonia was an independent prognostic predictor of mortality for NHH patients. We developed a nomogram that can predict hospital mortality with patients. Nomogram had superior discriminative power to qSOFA and SAPS II, indicating that the nomogram may have clinical utility.     

2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及临床意义探讨

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化情况,并探讨其临床意义.方法 选择2013年1月至2014年8月间在我院就诊的120例2型糖尿病患者,运用放射免疫技术检测血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺激素(FT4)以及促甲状腺激素含量(TSH),并与我院体检中心120例健康体检者进行比较;将120例糖尿病患者依据糖化血红蛋白水平的高低分为四组:＜5.5％组,5.5％ ～6.5％组,6.6％ ～9.5％组,＞9.5％组,并测定甲状腺激素水平.结果 2型糖尿病患者FT3明显低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而FT4及TSH与正常组相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).糖化血红蛋白水平在5.5％ ～6.5％组、6.6％ ～9.5％组、＞9.5％组FT3含量明显低于＜5.5％组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而糖化血红蛋白水平中FT4与TSH各组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病患者血清甲状腺激素水平主要是FT3含量下降,其下降程度和糖尿病的严重程度成正比,因此,血清FT3水平可作为评价糖尿病患者病情严重程度的重要指标之一.     

Diabetes and Myocardial Fibrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectivesThis systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association of diabetes and glycemic control with myocardial fibrosis (MF).BackgroundMF is associated with an increased risk of heart failure, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, and death. Diabetes may influence the development of MF, but evidence is inconsistent.MethodsThe authors searched EMBASE, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for observational and interventional studies investigating the association of diabetes, glycemic control, and antidiabetic medication with MF assessed by histology and cardiac magnetic resonance (ie, extracellular volume fraction [ECV%] and T₁ time).ResultsA total of 32 studies (88% exclusively on type 2 diabetes) involving 5,053 participants were included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses showed that diabetes was associated with a higher degree of MF assessed by histological collagen volume fraction (n = 6 studies; mean difference: 5.80; 95% CI: 2.00-9.59) and ECV% (13 studies; mean difference: 2.09; 95% CI: 0.92-3.27), but not by native or postcontrast T₁ time. Higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels were associated with higher degrees of MF.ConclusionsDiabetes is associated with higher degree of MF assessed by histology and ECV% but not by T₁ time. In patients with diabetes, worse glycemic control was associated with higher MF degrees. These findings mostly apply to type 2 diabetes and warrant further investigation into whether these associations are causal and which medications could attenuate MF in patients with diabetes.     

Association of Hb Q-Thailand with homozygous Hb E and heterozygous Hb Constant Spring in pregnancy

Hemoglobin (Hb) Q-Thailand [alpha74(EF3): Asp-->His] is an abnormal Hb found mainly in China and South-east Asian countries. Association of the alpha(Q-Thailand) allele with alpha-thalassemia has important implications in diagnosis. We report the hitherto undescribed conditions of this variant in two unrelated pregnant Thai women. Routine Hb analyses using high-performance liquid chromatography identified abnormal Hb migrating after Hb A(2) in addition to a homozygous Hb E in the proband 1 and to a heterozygous Hb Constant Spring (Hb CS) in the proband 2. Further alpha-globin gene analysis identified that the variant was caused by the GAC to CAC mutation at codon 74 of the alpha1-globin gene corresponding to the Hb Q-Thailand, detected in cis to the 4.2 kb deletional alpha-thalassemia 2 in both cases. Interaction of the alpha(Q-Thailand) with the beta(E) globin chains in the proband 1 leads to a Hb variant, namely the Hb QE. Family study of the proband 1 showed that her non-pregnant sister had the same genotype but her father was a double heterozygote for Hb E and Hb Q-Thailand in whom both Hb Q-Thailand and Hb QE were detected. Genotype-phenotype relationships observed in these families with complex hemoglobinopathies are presented and compared with those of simple homozygote for Hb E, heterozygote for Hb CS and heterozygote for Hb Q-Thailand found in other unrelated subjects. A simple DNA assay based on allele-specific polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of the Hb Q-Thailand mutation and the 4.2 kb deletional alpha-thalassemia 2 determinant was developed and validated.     

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in individuals with airflow obstruction in a Japanese general population: The Yamagata-Takahata Study

Background

Diabetes has been reported as a comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Western countries, but it has not been demonstrated in epidemiological reports in Japan. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the relationship between airflow obstruction and diabetes can be confirmed in a Japanese general population.

平糖固肾方治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床研究

目的:观察自拟平糖固肾方对早期糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)的血糖、血红蛋白、血脂等指标的影响。方法:50例DN患者随机分为对照组25例,治疗组25例。对照组给予常规降糖药物,治疗组在此基础上给予自拟平糖固肾方。比较治疗前后空腹血糖(fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、动脉血压、糖化血红蛋白、尿素氮、肌酐、24小时尿微量白蛋白、总蛋白、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triacylglycerol,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterin,LDL-C)。结果:治疗前后两组FBG、糖化血红蛋白和动脉血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者尿微量蛋白、总蛋白、肌酐和尿素氮水平较治疗前明显下降,治疗组下降更明显;两组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均显著降低,HDL-C水平显著升高,治疗组改善更明显。结论:自拟平糖固肾方联合常规降糖药物治疗早期DN,可明显改善血脂水平,降低尿蛋白,改善肾功能,对早期DN的临床效果明显。     

阿托伐他汀影响糖尿病患者血糖控制的Meta分析

目的 研究分析阿托伐他汀对糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响.方法 检索Cochrane Library、Medline、EMBASE、CNKI全文数据库、万方中文期刊全文数据库、维普数据库,收集建库到2014年10月有关阿托伐他汀对糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响的随机对照临床试验.按纳入标准及排除标准选择文献和提取资料,采用RevMan5.3软件对糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和空腹血糖(FPG)进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入11项研究,包括4 617例患者.Meta分析显示,综合11项研究,阿托伐他汀纽HbA1c水平高于安慰剂组,差异有统计学意义(Z=4.00,P＜0.01,MD=0.15,95％CI:0.08～0.23);亚组分析表明阿托伐他汀会导致2型糖尿病患者HbA1c水平升高,但对1型糖尿病患者则无影响;其对2型糖尿病患者HbA1c水平升高基本呈剂量依赖性,10、20、80 mg亚组的均值差(MD)分别为0.13、0.26、0.50;通过不同随访时间的分析表明,阿托伐他汀组糖尿病患者HbA1c水平均明显高于安慰剂组.而对于FPG水平的Meta分析结果表明,阿托伐他汀对1型和2型糖尿病患者FPG水平无明显影响(Z=0.15,P=0.88,MD=0.02,95％CI:-0.26～0.30).结论 阿托伐他汀会轻度升高2型糖尿病患者HbA1c水平.     

酶法测定糖化血红蛋白的方法评价及标本前处理对结果的影响

目的：探讨酶法测定糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）方法学性能及其影响因素。方法采用酶法测定 HbA1c,评价该方法学的精密度、抗干扰性、回收率、准确性以及标本前处理（抗凝、保存、离心）对结果的影响,分析与高效液相法（HPLC）相关性及偏倚程度。结果酶法批内高、中、低值变异系数（CV）为1．04％、1．26％、1．37％,批间为1．83％、2．24％、2．64％,与 HPLC 法呈线性相关（r ＝0．996,P ＜0．01）;HbA1c 靶值浓度为5．20％、6．40％、7．60％、8．80％、10．00％、11．20％,其回收率分别为100．15％、98．91％、98．84％、98．20％、103．62％、99．82％;当葡萄糖小于15．50 mmol／L、尿酸小于516．00μmol／L、胆红素小于217．00μmol／L、三酰甘油小于10．20 mmol／L、尿素小于11．50 mmol／L、清蛋白小于50 g／L、球蛋白小于50 g／L 时,对结果无明显干扰。肝素钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钾（EDTA-K2）、枸橼酸钠抗凝标本 HbA1c 结果在－20～20℃保存3 d 无明显改变（P ＞0．05）;标本500、1000 r／min（R＝15 cm）离心不同时间（1、2、5、10 min）以及2000 r／min 离心1 min,其检测结果与3000 r／min 离心5 min 比较,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论酶法测定 HbA1c 其精密度、抗干扰性、准确性、线性范围均符合临床要求,与常规方法相比其相关性良好且偏差较小,可完全满足临床对 HbA1c 检测需求。     

HbA1c、GSP和FPG检测对2型糖尿病的临床价值

目的 探讨糖化血红蛋白(Glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、糖化血清蛋白(Glycosylated serum protein,GSP)及空腹血糖(FPG)的检测对糖尿病(DM)诊断、治疗及控制管理的临床价值.方法 选择261例经确诊的2型糖尿病患者和62例健康体检者,以酶法分别检测HbA1c、GSP、FPG含量,并进行比较分析.结果 在261例2型糖尿病患者中,HbA1c、GSP、FPG的升高率分别为54.0％(141/261)、60.9％(159/261)和93.5％ (244/261),差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).HbA1c、GSP、FPG平均含量分别(7.6±1.3)％、(270.4±38.8) μmol/L、(10.5±2.0) mmol/L;62例健康体检者HbA1c、GSP、FPG含量分别为(4.8±1.2)％、(179.2±57.0) μmol/L和(4.8±1.2)mmol/L,2型糖尿病患者和62例健康体检者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 在2型糖尿病患者中,FPG阳性率最高,提示FPG为检测即时血糖,受到影响因素多,难以代表患者在管理治疗过程中真实血糖水平.因此,如能联合HbA1c和GS检测,对糖尿病评价更有意义.     

Toxicology of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol,a deoxynivalenol-transformation product by Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8

Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON) represents a new approach to treating DON-contaminated grains. A bacterium Devosia mutans 17-2-E-8 was capable of completely transforming DON into a major product 3-epi-DON and a minor product 3-keto-DON. Evaluation of toxicities of these DON-transformation products is an important part of hazard characterization prior to commercialization of the biotransformation application. Cytotoxicities of the products were demonstrated by two assays: a MTT bioassay assessing cell viability and a BrdU assay assessing DNA synthesis. Compared with DON, the IC₅₀ values of 3-epi-DON and 3-keto-DON were respectively 357 and 3.03 times higher in the MTT bioassay, and were respectively 1181 and 4.54 times higher in the BrdU bioassay. Toxicological effects of 14-day oral exposure of the B6C3F₁ mouse to DON and 3-epi-DON were also investigated. Overall, there were no differences between the control (free of toxin) and the 25 mg/kg bw/day or 100 mg/kg bw/day 3-epi-DON treatments in body and organ weights, hematology and organ histopathology. However, in mice exposed to DON (2 mg/kg bw/day), white blood cell numbers and serum immunoglobulin levels were altered relative to controls, and lesions were observed in adrenals, thymus, stomach, spleen and colon. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3-epi-DON is substantially less toxic than DON.