胰岛素和睾酮对Ishikawa细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达的影响

目的探讨胰岛素(INS)和睾酮(T)对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)子宫内膜腺上皮细胞生长的影响和葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)表达的调节机制。方法体外培养Ishikawa细胞,予不同浓度INS(90、60、30、3、0.3 U/L)或T(10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7mmol/ml)刺激Ishikawa细胞48 h,MTT法检测INS、T对Ishikawa细胞生长的作用;免疫细胞化学检测GLUT4蛋白在Ishikawa细胞定位表达;分别以30 U/L INS和10-5mmol/ml T刺激Ishikawa细胞24和48 h,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法测定INS和T对Ishikawa细胞GLUT4 mRNA表达的影响。结果(1)不同浓度的INS均可促进Ishikawa细胞的生长,随着INS浓度的增加,INS促进Ishikawa细胞生长作用越强,INS浓度自0.3~30 U/L时,Ishikawa细胞生长依次加强,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。INS浓度达60、90 U/L时,细胞生长状况与INS浓度为30 U/L相似。不同浓度的T均可抑制Ishikawa细胞的生长,随着T浓度的增加,T抑制Ishikawa细胞生长作用越明显。T浓度自10-7、10-6、10-5mmol/ml,Ishikawa细胞生长依次减弱,与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05),T浓度达10-4、10-3mmol/ml时,细胞生长抑制状况与T浓度10-5mg/ml相似。(2)GLUT4蛋白,定位表达于Ishikawa细胞的细胞浆内。(3)Ishikawa细胞中GLUT4 mRNA表达,在INS组和T组均较对照组减弱(P<0.01,P<0.05),INS组比T组减弱更明显(P<0.05),且INS和T作用24和48 h GLUT4 mRNA表达无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论不同浓度INS和T均可影响Ishikawa细胞生长,并降低GLUT4 mRNA的表达,推测PCOS高胰岛素、高雄激素血症的病理生理特性有可能影响子宫内膜的代谢过程,与子宫内膜的病变相关。     

危重新生儿血糖、胰岛素及皮质醇的初步研究

本文通过对３８例危重新生儿血糖、胰岛素及皮质醇的研究，发现在危重新生儿组血糖与皮质醇的均植高于对照组（分别为Ｐ＜０．０５与Ｐ＜０．０１），且危重新生儿组高血糖的发生率（３４．２％）也明显高于对照组（６％），而血胰岛素在各组之间无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），研究表明危重新生儿易发生高血糖，其发生的机理与血皮质醇的升高及新生儿胰β细胞功能不良有关。     

Morphine-3-glucuronide: hyperglycemic and neuroendocrine potentiating effects

The greater potency of morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) as well as the inactivity of morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) with respect to the antinociceptive effects of the parent molecule, morphine (MOR), have been well established. It has been suggested that M3G is an antagonist of MOR's antinociceptive and respiratory depressive effects. The present study addressed the central nervous system (CNS) interaction of these opiate metabolites on their metabolic and hormonal effects. Whole body glucose kinetics were assessed on conscious, chronically catheterized, unrestrained rats. M3G (5 μg) or H₂O (5 μl) was injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) 15 min prior to the bolus administration of H₂O (5 μl), M6G (1 μg), or MOR (80 μg). i.c.v. M3G (5 μg) resulted in behavioral excitation, hyperglycemia (+50%), stimulation of glucose rate of appearance (R_a; +100%), glucose rate of disappeaance (R_d; +70%), and metabolic clearance rate (MCR; +33%) within 30 min after injection with no alterations in hormone concentrations. i.c.v. M6G and MOR produced progressive hyperglycemia with significantly high catecholamine and corticosterone levels. M3G pretreatment resulted in enhanced elevations in plasma glucose levels (+52% and +18%), plasma lactate (+138% and +108%), norepinephrine (+96% and +30%), and epinephrine (+62% and +67%) in response to both i.c.v. MOR and M6G administration. These findings suggest a non-opiate and non-hormonal mechanism for M3G-induced hyperglycemia. In contrast, the metabolic and hormonal responses to i.c.v. M6G and MOR are associated with elevations in catecholamine and corticosterone levels, which are remarkably enhanced by M3G pretreatment, most likely through accelerated catecholamine release. Our findings suggest a modulatory role for MOR glucuronidation, not only by rendering it inactive, as in the case of M3G, but by an interplay of the metabolic effects of the parent molecule and its metabolite     

母体钙代谢与补钙对妊娠的影响

妊娠期缺钙严重影响母婴的安全健康 ,其原因是由于妊娠期母体钙代谢发生变化 ,使母体血清游离钙离子浓度降低 ,血清铅浓度增高。有关研究表明 ,母体缺钙导致血铅竞争性过高 ,使胎儿身长、体重均小于胎龄儿 ,胎儿宫内发育迟缓的发生率增高 ,甚至发生早产、死胎等。同时发现血清钙离子可能对内源性一氧化氮合成释放起调节作用 ,而内皮素是最强的缩血管物质之一 ,母体补钙可调节一氧化氮与内皮素的平衡 ,从而降低妊高征的发生率。因此孕期补充钙剂是非常重要的。     

Renal acid excretion in early infancy

In early infancy, complex disorders of acid base metabolism are more frequent than in any other age group, with a predisposition to metabolic acidosis due to an age-related low renal capacity for acid excretion and an unphysiologically high actual renal acid load in nutrition with common formulas. Recently in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants, persistent maximum renal net acid excretion (NAE) with subnormal or normal blood acid base status, impaired weight gain, and adaptive hormonal reactions have been observed. Incipient late metabolic acidosis is one example of a mixed disorder of acid base metabolism with maximum renal NAE in early infancy. Alkali therapy is highly effective and can be realized both on an individual basis, using urine pH screening as a diagnostic criterium for maximum renal acid stimulation, or on a general preventive level using modified standard formula with a reduced actual renal NAE similar to that seen on alimentation with human milk. From an integrated point of view, the low glomerular filtration rate and renal capacity for acid excretion beyond the developmental age of more than 44 weeks, may well be interpreted as the result of a specific adaptation to breast feeding sparing energy, and thus an evolutionary advantage for the survival of mother and child. Received July 10, 1996; received in revised form and accepted October 7, 1996     

深圳宝安3～7岁健康幼儿血清糖、离子、非蛋白含氮类化合物表达水平观察

目的观察深圳宝安3～7岁健康幼儿血清糖、离子、非蛋白含氮类化合物表达水平。方法采用OLRPUSAU-640全自动生化仪及OLRPUS诊断试剂、东欧生物诊断试荆，检测316例体检健康幼儿血清中Ca^＋＋、Mg^＋＋、P^＋＋＋、GLU、BUN、Cr、UA的含量。结果①．1组与4组及2组与3、4组Ca^＋＋组间方差分析，差异有统计学意义，P〈0.05。②．1组与2、3、4组Cr组间方差分析，差异有统计学意义P〈0．05。而Mg^＋＋、P^＋＋＋、GLU、BUN、UA组间方差分析差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论笔者证实了3～4岁健康幼儿与6～7岁健康幼儿及4～5岁健康幼儿与5～7岁健康幼儿血清Ca^＋＋表达水平有差异。也证实了3～4岁健康幼儿与4～7健康幼儿Cr含量存在差异。由此可见，3～7岁健康幼儿建立自己的参考值是必要的。     

Electron-autoradiographic investigation of viability of human cells after death. Postmortem activation of RNA synthesis in neutrophils

Department of Pathological Anatomy, A. V. Vishnevskii Institute of Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR D. S. Sarkisov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 2, pp. 199–201, February, 1991.     

Effects of the 5-HT1A partial agonists gepirone,ipsapirone and buspirone on local cerebral glucose utilization in the conscious rat

The azospirones gepirone (10 mg/kg), ipsapirone (10 mg/kg) and buspirone (10 mg/kg) were examined for their effect on regional cerebral glucose utilization in conscious rats using quantitative 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. All three 5-HT_1A partial agonists reduced glucose utilization in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus by 20–25% and increased glucose utilization by 38–65% in the lateral habenular nucleus; an important relay between striatal/limbic areas and the mid-brain raphe nuclei. The findings emphasize the potential importance of the hippocampus as a site of action for 5-HT_1A receptor active drugs in vivo and also suggest that functional activity in the striatal/limbichabenular-raphe pathway may be influenced by gepirone, ipsapirone and buspirone.     

-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid inhibits mitochondrial creatine kinase activity from cerebellum of developing rats

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid (LGA) is the biochemical hallmark of patients affected by the neurometabolic disorder known as L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (LHGA). Although this disorder is predominantly characterized by severe neurological findings and pronounced cerebellum atrophy, the neurotoxic mechanisms of brain injury are virtually unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LGA, at 0.25-5mM concentrations, on total creatine kinase (tCK) activity from cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle homogenates of 30-day-old Wistar rats. CK activity was measured also in the cytosolic (Cy-CK) and mitochondrial (Mi-CK) fractions from cerebellum. We verified that tCK activity was significantly inhibited by LGA in the cerebellum, but not in cerebral cortex, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, CK activity from the mitochondrial fraction was inhibited by LGA, whereas that from the cytosolic fraction of cerebellum was not affected by the acid. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibitory effect of LGA on Mi-CK was non-competitive in relation to phosphocreatine. Finally, we verified that the inhibitory effect of LGA on tCK was fully prevented by pre-incubation of the homogenates with reduced glutathione (GSH), suggesting that this inhibition is possibly mediated by oxidation of essential thiol groups of the enzyme. Considering the importance of creatine kinase activity for energy homeostasis, our results suggest that the selective inhibition of this enzyme activity by increased levels of LGA could be possibly related to the cerebellar degeneration characteristically found in patients affected by L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.