2型糖尿病患者胃排空影响因素及西沙必利治疗观察

 [目的]探讨2型糖尿病患者胃排空影响因素、单光子发射计算机断层摄影（SPECT）显影技术和B超在糖尿病性胃轻瘫诊断中的应用及西沙必利治疗效果.[方法]①对120例2型糖尿病进行临床分析.②120例2型糖尿病随机分为两组：A组应用核素^99mTc-SC标记固体试餐,SPECT显像技术检测胃半排空时间（T1/2）;B组予B超检测T1/2.两组均检测空腹血糖（FBG）和糖基化血红蛋白（HbA1c）.③胃T1/2延迟者予西沙必利30 mg,/d,疗程均为1个月,复查胃T1/2.[结果]①糖尿病性胃轻瘫的发生与年龄、病程、空腹血糖、糖基化血红蛋白、神经病变及微血管病变呈正相关（P＜0.01）;②A组60例患者中24例（40.0%）胃T1/2延迟;B组：60例患者中22例（36.7%）.两种检查方法的检出率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;③西沙必利治疗A组有效率为91.7%,B组为90.9%.[结论]糖尿病性胃轻瘫与年龄、病程、高血糖、神经病变及微血管病变相关;SPECT显像技术与B超检出率相似,但不排除与病例数少有关.患者对这两种检查方法耐受性好,但SPECT显像技术费用高,不利于广泛开展,而B超价廉,易于临床使用.西沙必利是有力的促进胃动力的药物,对糖尿病性胃轻瘫有一定的改善胃排空的疗效.     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病并发脂肪肝疗效观察

①目的探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)联合二甲双胍(m etform in)治疗糖尿病并发脂肪肝的疗效。②方法48例糖尿病并发脂肪肝患者,均在运动与饮食治疗基础上,常规护肝治疗;用还原型谷胱甘肽1 200mg,加入5%葡萄糖注射液250mL中,每日1次,静脉滴注,每次口服二甲双胍片0.25g,每日3次。3个月为一疗程,观察有关指标及B超影像学改变。③结果经治疗后患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)降至正常(P<0.001),血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及体重指数(BM I)值较治疗前显著降低(P<0.001),空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)较治疗前下降(P<0.001),计算比较稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和稳态模式胰岛素敏感指数(HOMA-IAI)值,差异具有显著性意义(P<0.005)。④结论对伴有脂肪肝的2型糖尿病患者应用还原型谷胱甘肽联合二甲双胍治疗,能有效地改善胰岛素抵抗,提高胰岛素敏感性,具有降酶、降糖、调脂的功效,疗效较好。     

直接测序法与克隆测序法在单核苷酸多态性检测中的比较

目的:了解PCR产物直接测序法与克隆测序法在单核苷酸多态性(SNP)检测上的差别.方法:对2型糖尿病患者的载脂蛋白J外显子2基因及旁侧进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增,分别对其产物进行直接测序和克隆测序.结果:在样本的检测中, PCR产物直接测序法所测序列与43～60 bp以后克隆测序相同;检出一个突变位点并与GenBank( DQ012938)发表序列一致.结论:PCR 产物直接测序法和克隆测序法都是检测SNP的有效方法,但前者不仅特异性强,敏感度高,而且比克隆测序方法更为快速简便,节省材料.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者住院费用及其构成因素研究

目的:探讨糖尿病患者住院费用及其影响因素。方法:收集上海市某三甲医院1999～2003年5年间收治的Ⅱ型糖尿病住院患者1376例病案资料,分析住院总费用、费用构成以及糖尿病并发症对费用的影响;结果:1999～2003年5年间,自费组例次住院费用均低于公费组;两组费用构成前三位相近,但构成比变化趋势有所不同,糖尿病患者并发症出现与否以及并发症的数量对住院天数(F=7.432,P<0.001)及日均费用(F=16.303,P<0.001)影响有统计学意义,结论:糖尿病患者的花费随着并发症数量的增加而增加:病程是影响患者费用的重要因素之一;自费组例次住院费用均低于公费组。     

Second-trimester double or triple screening for Down syndrome: a comparison of Chinese and Caucasian populations.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of double screening (measuring maternal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and total beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin [hCG] as markers for Down syndrome) with that of triple screening (also measuring levels of unconjugated estriol [uE3]) in the second trimester of pregnancy, and to compare ethnic variance between Chinese and Caucasian populations. METHODS: The study investigated 15096 normal singleton pregnancies and 24 pregnancies affected with Down syndrome. Frequency distributions of AFP, hCG, and uE3 levels were analyzed. Likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using the multiple of median value (MoM) of AFP, hCG, and uE3 as variables. After multiplying maternal age risk by the LR values for the markers used in double and triple screening, the specific risks obtained with double and triple screening were estimated. The detection rate (DR) and false-positive rate (FPR) were calculated at different cut-off points. The serum markers' levels were also compared with those of Caucasian women. RESULTS: The median MoM value of hCG was higher in women with affected pregnancies (1.40) than those with unaffected pregnancies (1.00). However, the median MoMs of AFP and uE3 (0.79 and 0.68) were lower in affected than in unaffected pregnancies. At a FPR of 5%, the detection rates reached with double and triple screening were 50% and 66.7%, respectively. Ratios of the 3 serum markers' medians to those in a study with Caucasian women were 1.06 (range=1.04-1.09) for AFP, 1.14 (range=1.10-1.17) for hCG, and 1.28 (range=1.23-1.41) for uE3 for the relevant gestational weeks. CONCLUSION: Triple screening performed better than double screening in the second trimester. Ethnic variance should be taken into account in Down syndrome screening.     

血清脂联素、抵抗素与2型糖尿病

目的探讨人血清脂联素、抵抗素水平与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的关系。方法2型糖尿病患者47例和正常对照46例,两组年龄、性别匹配,采用酶联免疫分析法检测其空腹血清脂联素、抵抗素、胰岛素水平,同时测血糖、血压、血脂、身高、体重,计算腰/臀围、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比值(WHR)和胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、胰岛素抵抗性(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能(HOMA-β)。结果2型糖尿病组的脂联素水平减低,脂联素水平在糖尿病超重组低于糖尿病正常体重组和对照组;相关分析显示脂联素水平与BMI呈负相关,与ISI正相关。而抵抗素水平在糖尿病超重组显著高于糖尿病正常体重和对照组(P<0.05)。相关分析显示抵抗素水平与BMI、腰围、空腹胰岛素、血压呈正相关,在对照组,与ISI、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β相关。结论脂联素、抵抗素可能参与胰岛素抵抗,与2型糖尿病的发生有关。[关键词]脂联素;抵抗素;2型糖尿病     

妊娠合并血小板减少112例临床分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并血小板减少的发病机制及围生期的处理方法。方法:回顾分析天津医科大学总医院1992年至2002年间112例妊娠合并血小板减少患者的病因及临床处理经验。结果:112例孕妇中特发性血小板减少性紫癜27例,占24.1%;子痫前期44例,占39.3%;妊娠期特发性血小板减少40例,占34.8%;血栓性血小板减少性紫癜1例,占0.89%。阴道分娩27例,剖宫产85例。产后出血13例,产褥感染1例。结论:多种原因可以导致妊娠妇女血小板减少。如无产科指征,以阴道分娩为宜;血小板<50×109/L时,在血源充足时行剖宫产。不主张采用侵入性检查方法确定胎儿血小板水平。     

正常幼儿畸变产物耳声发射听力筛查

目的探讨畸变产物耳声发射(DPOAE)在幼儿听力筛查中的应用。方法应用DPOAE对100名幼儿园儿童(200耳)进行听力筛查,纯音对2、3、4 kHz 3个频率两次测试,耳声发射响应点在通过/转介线以上,信噪比>10 dB为筛查通过。结果94名儿童双耳通过筛查,4名儿童因耵聍栓塞双耳未通过筛查,取出耵聍后复筛通过;2名儿童单耳因分泌性中耳炎未通过筛查,治疗后复筛通过。结论DPOAE适用于幼儿听力筛查,建议将其列为每年的幼儿体检项目。     

Screening for gynaecological conditions

Well-organised cervical screening programmes have reduced the mortality from cervical cancer by up to 50% in the developed world. Despite the successful development of human papilloma virus vaccines, there is likely to remain a need for cervical screening for the foreseeable future. In contrast, the value of mass screening for ovarian cancer remains unproven, although current screening methods can detect early-stage disease in asymptomatic individuals. Breast screening does appear to be associated with a reduction in mortality in the long term but paradoxically may increase death rates in young women in the short term. Testing for sexually transmitted infections is effective in reducing morbidity but tends to be selective at present because of concerns over the cost and psychosocial implications of general population screening.     

围生因素与新生儿肺透明膜病发病关系的探讨

目的探讨围生因素与新生儿肺透明膜病(HMD)发病的关系。方法对481例早产儿围生因素进行Logistic回归分析,筛选出与HMD有关的因素,列出回归方程,然后对其进行率的比较及卡方检验。结果HMD危险因素的主效应模型是logit(p)=6.254-0.204胎龄-1.556出生体重 0.834窒息/宫内窘迫 1.635胎膜早破。对于有围生期合并症的早产儿,其胎龄越小,HMD发病率越高。结论30周以下早产儿HMD发病主要与胎龄、出生体重关系密切,而30周以上早产儿HMD发病除与胎龄、出生体重有关外,还与围生因素密切相关,其发病机制有待进一步研究。