A social-psychological perspective on successful community control of high blood pressure: A review

This review brings together studies dealing with factors that affect participation in screening, referral, and treatment for high blood pressure (HBP). Community-based screening programs are examined first, in order to describe the changing and the current distribution of hypertensives as unaware, untreated, treated but uncontrolled, and controlled by treatment. Factors influencing this distribution are examined. Next, data on referral, acceptance of treatment, and staying in treatment are discussed, with a special reference to intervention studies. The review then brings in the broader social science literature on the psychosocial dynamics of health-maintaining and risk-reducing behaviors. The article concludes with an interpretive summary and some suggestions for further action.     

Hemolytic anemia and hexokinase deficiency associated with malformations

Summary Hexokinase deficiency in the red cells caused a hemolytic anemia in a 28 y. old woman who revealed multiple malformations and a latent diabetes mellitus.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant Go 236/2).     

孕妇血清标记物在中孕筛查中的应用

目的 :通过对孕妇血清标记物甲胎蛋白 (AFP)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素 ( β -HCG )测定来筛选缺陷儿。 方法 :用放射免疫法对 6 2例孕 14～ 2 3周妊娠妇女上述标记物连测 3次 ,每次隔 12～ 14d ,以两次异常为高危个体。每例筛查者跟踪至胎儿出生后。结果 :在筛查中发现了 1例先天愚型和 1例无脑儿。结论 :上述两种血清标记物可以作为神经管缺陷和先天愚型筛查的一项常规方法     

内皮素与脑梗死

目的 :检测脑梗死病人的内皮素 - 1(ET - 1)水平 ,研究ET - 1与脑梗死的关系。方法 :检测脑梗死病人ET - 1的水平 ,并与正常对照组比较。结果 :脑梗死病人的ET - 1明显高于正常对照组水平 (U =13.45 ,P<0 0 1) ,还发现ET - 1与高血压、糖尿病、高血脂症有一定的关系。结论 :ET - 1的增高是脑梗死发病的内源性危险因素之一 ,ET - 1的增高不但与脑梗死的发病有关而且与脑梗死的发展有关     

胰岛素-磺脲类药与胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病继发性磺脲类药失效的研究

目的：对比研究胰岛素加磺脲类药联合(INS／SU)或单用胰岛素(INS)二种疗法治疗继发性SU失效的疗效,并通过体外试验探讨INS加SU治疗的机理。方法：54例继发SU失效的2型糖尿病患者随机分二组,分别给INS加SU及INS治疗共3个月,测定2型糖尿病患者脂肪细胞与优降糖孵育后INS受体结合位点。结果：(1)治疗3个月时两组的血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbAIc)得到较好控制。(2)两组治疗前后血脂无明显改变。(3)INS组较INS加SU组体重增加显著、血INS水平明显升高。(4)优降糖孵育后的脂肪细胞INS结合位点增多,与INS特异结合率提高。结论：(1)INS加SU与INS均可有效地治疗继发性SU失效的病人。(2)INS加SU联合治疗与单用INS治疗比较,其引起的血INS水平升高、体重增加程度均较低。(3)SU通过影响靶细胞INS受体等胰外作用．而增强INS的作用效应。     

精制蝮蛇抗栓酶加优降糖治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病临床观察

为使Ⅱ型糖尿病及有关并发症的治疗达到简便、适用和良好的效果 ,该研究采用了精制蝮蛇抗栓酶加优降糖治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病 ,并与优降糖治疗组对照 ,3wk一疗程 ,两组病例各 5 5例。结果治疗组总有效率 87 3% (48/5 5 ) ,对照组总有效率6 7 3% (37/5 5 )。经统计学处理 ,P <0 0 5 ,两组疗效有显著性差异 ,该疗法减少了口服降糖药的用量 ,避免了胰岛素的不良反应 ,有利于有关并发症的改善 ,无明显副作用发生 ,疗效确实。     

Detection of asymptomatic Leishmania donovani in healthy voluntary blood donors

ObjectiveTo check incidence of Asymptomatic Leishmania donovani reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion Rawalpindi.Material and MethodsTwo thousand (n = 2000) consecutive healthy voluntary blood donors were tested for 18 s rRNA by Real time Polymerase chain reaction. One thousand (n = 1000) subject’s permanent resident of Azad Kashmir along with a thousand (n = 1000) healthy voluntary blood donors from rest of Pakistan were included. The study was carried out over a period of three months Jun – Aug 2020.ResultsTotal of 2000 blood donors were enrolled in the study, all were males with age ranging from 16 to 60 years. Stratification based on residence, 1000 (50 %) resided in the Azad kashmir, 349 (17.45 %) were from Islamabad and Rawalpindi, 541 (27.05 %) from Punjab mainly residing in Lahore and Multan, 110 (5.5 %) were from other cities of Pakistan. Grouping on the basis of age, 55.25 % ( n = 1105) of the donors were 16–25 years old, 19.45 % ( n = 389) were in age range of 26–40 years old, 15.55 % ( n = 311) were 41–50 years old and 9.75 % ( n = 195) 51–60 years old. No donor was diagnosed as an asymptomatic carrier.ConclusionScreening of blood donors for Leishmania donovani is not recommended.     

Ethical issues in genetic screening for cancer

Genetically-based diseases with a late onset, such as BRCA1-dependent breast cancer or Huntington's disease, can be predicted by the screening of relevant mutations in members of high-risk families. Genetic screening is characterized by a conflict between respect for autonomy – e.g., the right not to know – and responsibility toward future generations (the duty to know for the sake of one's descendants). Other ethical conflicts are related to uncertainty as to benefits deriving from screening for mutations, since for most conditions no clearly effective therapeutical strategy has as yet been defined. In addition to monogenic high-penetrance conditions, polygenic low-penetrance susceptibility is attracting increasing attention, in particular with respect to environmental-genetic interactions (metabolic polymorphisms). A simple approach to genetic screening would be to weigh the benefits and costs of genetic screening against those of primary prevention, and a superficial conclusion might be that genetic screening is less expensive and, overall, more practicable than restriction of toxic exposures or other known risk factors for the disease. Economic advantage notwithstanding, however, giving precedence to screening over primary prevention would be unacceptable. A serious hazard of genetic screening is the implicit limitation of research efforts aimed at primary prevention, and a serious drawback is its potential application for selection of non-susceptible employees. The principle of equity is easily violated by genetic screening of workers in view of the fact that genetically-based metabolic polymorphisms are distributed unevenly among different ethnic groups.