Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers,Turin, Italy

We measured severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein subunits S1/S2 antibodies by using capillary electrophoresis and a chemiluminescence immunoassay for 5,444 active healthcare workers in Italy. Seroprevalence was 6.9% and higher among participants having contact with patients. Seroconversion was not observed in 37/213 previously infected participants.     

纳催离和苯那普利治疗高血压合并糖尿病动态血压及微白蛋白尿的比较研究

探讨纳催离（吲哒帕胺）治疗高血压（HP）合并Ⅱ型糖尿病（NIDDM）病人降压效应及对微量白蛋白（mAlb)尿的影响,并与苯那普利（洛丁）的疗效相比较,对HP合并NIDDM病人46例给予催离以及44例给予苯那普利治疗6个月,进行用药前后24h动态血压（ABPM）及尿mAlb测定,结果显示：与对照组及自身对照相比,纳催离与苯那普利治疗后,ABPM指标及尿mAlb均显著改善（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,而两药之间疗效对比无差异,上述结果提示,纳催离治疗HP合并NIDDM病人与苯那普利效果一样,明显降低血压的同时,还兼有降低mAlb的作用。     

糖尿病患者膳食营养分析

目的 :探讨糖尿病患者膳食营养状况 ,提出改善糖尿病患者膳食结构的策略。方法 :对 2 2 5例糖尿病患者连续调查 3天膳食供给情况 ,建立数据库输入计算机 ,用SPSS软件进行分析。结果 :热能摄入量不符合要求者占77 3% ;蛋白质供给量不足者占患者总数的 75 6% ;47 6%的糖尿病患者脂肪摄入量超过标准 ;5 5 1%的糖尿病患者碳水化合物的摄入量不符合要求 ;膳食纤维摄入不足者占患者总数的 94 2 % ;维生素和无机盐中 ,除铁、核黄素和抗坏血酸供给量尚可 ,其余均不足。结论 :糖尿病患者膳食是不合理的 ,必须按照膳食治疗方案调节膳食     

银杏黄酮甙和甲基B_(12)联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效观察

目的　探讨银杏黄酮甙和甲基B12 对糖尿病周围病变的治疗效果。方法　将 14 9例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为 4组 ,分别为常规治疗组 (对照组 )、银杏黄酮甙组 (第 1组 )、甲基B12 组 (第 2组 )、银杏黄酮甙与甲基B12 联合组(第 3组 )。疗程为 8周。观察治疗前后自觉症状、腱反射和神经传导速度。结果　第 3组总有效率为 95 % ,显著高于对照组 (17% ) (P <0 .0 0 5 )。第 1组和第 2组 ,总有效率分别为 6 9%和 72 % ,与对照组比较均有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。第 3组神经传导速度治疗后较冶疗前显著改善 (P <0 .0 1) ,而且显著优于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)、第 1组 (P <0 .0 5 )和第 2组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　银杏黄酮甙和甲基B12 联合治疗糖尿病周围神经病变较单独应用更为有效。     

Probucol improves erectile function by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

This study was to explore the effect and mechanism of Probucol on STZ-induced erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats. Thirty SD male rats aged 12 weeks were given intraperitoneal injection of STZ after fasting for 12 hr. Diabetic rats were haphazardly partitioned under two assemblies and administered 0 or 500 mg/kg probucol by oral gavage to 12 weeks. Control group was intraperitoneally injected with physiological saline, and saline was administered by oral gavage daily. Intracorporeal pressure was used to evaluate erectile function. Levels of proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. α-SMA and vWF were detected using immunofluorescence staining. After treatment, erectile function in probucol group was significantly improved. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins were expressed higher in DM group than in sham group, while expression of these proteins decreased significantly in probucol group. However, α-SMA and vWF were expressed at lower levels in DM group than in sham group, and probucol treatment reversed this phenomenon. Finally, Bax and Caspase3 were expressed at higher levels and Bcl-2 was expressed at lower levels in DM group, while the opposite result was obtained in probucol group. In conclusions, probucol improves erectile function by reducing endothelial dysfunction and inhibiting PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway in STZ-induced diabetic rats.     

Is Preoperative Staphylococcus aureus Screening and Decolonization Effective at Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With a Special Focus on Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen implicated in orthopedic infections worldwide. Preoperative decolonization has been promoted but different strategies present mixed results. Thus, the goals of this study are to determine (1) whether S aureus screening and/or decolonization is effective at reducing surgical site infection in orthopedic surgery, (2) with a special focus on elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA), and (3) which preoperative S aureus screening/treatment strategy is most cost-effective for TJA.MethodsPubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched on January 1, 2020, using a systematic strategy. We included papers with data comparing surgical site infection and periprosthetic joint infection rate in orthopedic surgery and/or elective total hip and knee arthroplasty patients before/after S aureus screening and/or decolonization protocol and papers evaluating the cost-effectiveness of different S aureus screening/treatment strategies.ResultsA total of 1260 papers were screened, and 32 papers were ultimately included. Results showed an increased risk of developing any infection (relative risk [RR] = 1.71 ± 0.16) and S aureus infection (RR = 2.79 ± 0.45) after orthopedic surgery without previous nares and whole-body decolonization. Focusing exclusively on elective TJA, there was an increased risk of developing any infection (RR = 1.70 ± 0.17) and S aureus infection (RR = 2.18 ± 0.41) if no decolonization is performed. All strategies appeared to be cost-effective, although universal decolonization without screening seemed to be the most advantageous.ConclusionPreoperative S aureus screening/decolonization protocol lowered the risk of infection after elective orthopedic and TJA surgeries. However, further studies are needed to determine optimal clinical and cost-effective methodologies.     

To screen or not to screen? The development of a prediction model for aorto-iliac stenosis in kidney transplant candidates

Screening for aorto-iliac stenosis is important in kidney transplant candidates as its presence affects pre-transplantation decisions regarding side of implantation and the need for an additional vascular procedure. Reliable imaging techniques to identify this condition require contrast fluid, which can be harmful in these patients. To guide patient selection for these imaging techniques, we aimed to develop a prediction model for the presence of aorto-iliac stenosis. Patients with contrast-enhanced imaging available in the pre-transplant screening between January 1st, 2000 and December 31st, 2018 were included. A prediction model was developed using multivariable logistic regression analysis and internally validated using bootstrap resampling. Model performance was assessed with the concordance index and calibration slope. Three hundred and seventy-three patients were included, 90 patients (24.1%) had imaging-proven aorto-iliac stenosis. Our final model included age, smoking, peripheral arterial disease, coronary artery disease, a previous transplant, intermittent claudication and the presence of a femoral artery murmur. The model yielded excellent discrimination (optimism-corrected concordance index: 0.83) and calibration (optimism-corrected calibration slope: 0.91). In conclusion, this prediction model can guide the development of standardized protocols to decide which patients should receive vascular screening to identify aorto-iliac stenosis. External validation is needed before this model can be implemented in patient care.