表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下对不同类型声带息肉摘除的临床疗效分析

目的比较表面麻醉纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜对不同类型声带息肉(VCP)摘除的临床疗效。方法以2007年11月至2012年10月芜湖市第一人民医院收治的164例VCP患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,表麻纤维喉镜组66例,采用表面麻醉纤维喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP27例、带蒂VCP39例),全麻显微支撑喉镜组98例,采用全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术(广基VCP50例、带蒂VCP48例),比较两组治疗效果及术后随访期间并发症发生情况。结果表麻纤维喉镜组手术时间显著短于全麻显微支撑喉镜组[(35.6±12.3)min vs(46.5±17.6)min,P<0.05]。全麻显微支撑喉镜组与表麻纤维喉镜组对带蒂VCP有效率差异无统计学意义(95.8%vs97.4%,P>0.05);但全麻显微支撑喉镜组对广基VCP有效率显著高于表麻纤维喉镜组(94.0%vs81.5%,P<0.05)。全麻显微支撑喉镜组不良并发症发生率与表麻纤维喉镜组比较,差异无统计学意义(7.1%vs 4.5%,P>0.05)。结论表麻纤维喉镜与全麻显微支撑喉镜下VCP摘除术各有优点及局限,临床上应综合考虑以选择最优的治疗方案。     

Experiencia y tratamiento anestésico en el implante transcatéter de la prótesis valvular aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve®

ObjectiveTo analyze the experience and anesthetic management in the transcatheter implantation of the CoreValve^® self-expanding aortic valve, in a university tertiary hospital.Material and methodsObservational analytical review of data incorporated into a prospectively maintained database of 142 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis who underwent implantation of a CoreValve^® aortic self-expanding aortic valve between December 2007 and December 2012.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 82.5 ± 6.1 years and the logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9 ± 11.2. General anesthesia was used in 107 patients (75.3%), with local anesthesia with sedation in 35 (24.6%). Local anesthesia and sedation was associated with a lower requirement of vasoactive drugs (P = .003) during implantation. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 anesthetic techniques in the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, or morbimortality. The success rate was 97.1%. The most common complication was conduction disorders that required implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 46 patients (32.3%). There was no intraoperative mortality, and all-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.3%, with a one-year survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier of 83.1%.ConclusionsThis study confirms that in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation of aortic valve is a safe and effective alternative. Both, general anesthesia and local anesthesia with sedation are valid options, depending on the experience of the team.     

Mixed General Linear Model Analysis of Quantitative Electroencephalographic (qEEG) Data

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a mixed general linear analysis of the quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG). The modeling is similar to regression, which builds a regression or ‘best-fit’ model for the data structure but, in addition, provides for correlations between observations. A mixed linear model states that data consists of two parts: fixed effects and random effects. Fixed effects determine the expected values of the observations, while random effects account for the stochastic deviations from these expected values both between and within individuals. Since errors are independent between subjects, the deviations from the expected values may also be modeled using a repeated measures approach. The term ‘repeated measures’ in this model refers to data with multiple observations from one specific source. It is reasonable to assume that these observations from the same source are correlated, even if only slightly, in some measurable way. Consequently, statistical analysis of repeated measures data gives a more accurate prediction capability when the issue of covariation between these measures is addressed.

With mixed model methodology now available (e.g., the mixed procedure [Mixed PROC] of the SAS® system), the covariance structure can be incorporated into the statistical model. Disregarding potential random effects not specific to single individuals and absorbing potential within-subject random effects into the covariance matrix allows one to work with a simplified model.

The use of a mixed procedure and its method of modeling the data structure appear to provide an accurate and objective method of analysis resulting in quantifiable equations for testing predictions. Essentially, this method allows the physiological pattern of each individual in the study, not related to any other variable, to be represented and accounted for in the model. Several comparative examples will be used to highlight the information that can be hidden in data structures depending on the type of statistical analysis used.     

Estimating pertussis incidence in general practice using a large Australian primary care database

BackgroundWhile pertussis is notifiable in most countries, notifications typically underestimate the true pertussis burden. We explored the incidence of pertussis in general practice in Australia.MethodsUsing MedicineInsight, a large longitudinal electronic medical record database of general practice (primary care) encounters which includes >1.5 million patients, we first defined a cohort of active patients and then used free-text search algorithms to identify patients with pertussis-related encounters. We defined and identified pertussis-related encounters in four patient categories: pertussis-associated (category 1), potential pertussis (category 2), epidemiologically-linked pertussis (category 3), and symptoms consistent with pertussis (category 4). Incident pertussis-related encounter rates per 100,000 active patients were calculated from Jan 2008 to Aug 2015.ResultsEstimated mean annual pertussis incidence increased as definitions were expanded, from 94.3 (category 1 patients only) to 148.8 (categories 1+2+3 patients combined) per 100,000 active patients per year. Monthly time-series corresponding to the first three categories were highly correlated (Pearson’s r > 90% for each pair), but each was poorly correlated with category 4. For categories 1+2+3, the highest incidence was among 0–4 and 5–9 year olds. Incidence was 30% higher in females than males (i.e. 184.5 vs 139.8 per 100,00 active patients for categories 1–3 patients combined). Pertussis-associated incidence (category 1) was similar to national pertussis notification rates. Categories 2 and 3 added 25% and 33%, respectively, on average relative to category 1 incidence. The estimated incidence from categories 1+2+3 together were on average 64% higher than national pertussis notification rates.ConclusionWe provide comprehensive estimates of pertussis-related incidence in general practice (primary care), well in excess of notified pertussis incidence in Australia. This highlights the utility of MedicineInsight data in providing a greater understanding of the burden of medically-attended pertussis infections.     

针对老年全麻患者术后早期认知功能障碍的护理对策

目的探讨针对老年全麻患者术后早期认知功能障碍的护理对策对其应用效果及研究意义进行分析。方法将100例老年全麻患者简单随机化法分为对照组50例（常规护理）、观察组50例（护理对策）,对照两组患者入室后、术中、术后1d、3d、5d心率、氧合、IL-6、TNF-a水平变化及MMSE评分。结果两组入室前患者心率、氧合、IL-6、TNF-a水平变化及MMSE评分比较（t=3.66、3.65、3.77、2.78、4.12、3.22,P〉0.05,差异无统计学意义）。术中、术后1d、3d、5d心率、氧合、IL-6、TNF-a水平变化及MMSE评分比较（t=5.43、5.35、5.17、4.78、4.56、5.12,P〈0.05,差异有统计学意义）。结论针对老年全麻患者术后早期认知功能障碍的护理对策及措施可靠能减轻老年患者应激反应等诱发认知障碍情况的发生。     

2000例妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒普查结果分析

目的:了解妇女宫颈人乳头瘤病毒感染及感染类型。方法:选取参与普查的2 000例妇女为研究对象,在告知受检者实验目的并得到同意的情况下,使用HC-2的检验方式对受检者进行宫颈刮片并对结果进行HPV的DNA检测以确定受检者HPV类型。结果:普查的2000例受检者中检测出HPV感染者一共832例,占普查总人数的41.60%,而在检出的832例感染者中,高危型HPV者617例,占HPV感染总人数的74.16%,低危型HPV感染者占总感染人数的25.84%。单发感染占53.73%,多发感染占46.27%。结论:该次普查结果中发现HPV-16、18、33、56、58的检测阳性率明显多于其他,这与目前外界报道研究结果相符合;广大妇女应定时的进行HPV测定,以及时纠正宫颈病变和预防宫颈癌的发生。     

控制性降压下俯卧位脊柱手术全麻患者眼内压及眼底动脉血液动力学的变化

目的实时监测控制性降压对俯卧位脊柱手术全麻患者眼内压及眼底动脉血液动力学的影响,以探讨其安全阈值。方法随机选取预行俯卧位脊柱全麻手术的60例外科患者为研究对象,麻醉过程中采用硝酸甘油控制性降压。选择诱导前10 min(T0)、诱导后10 min(T1)、俯卧位后10 min(T2)、控制性降压10%(T3)、20%(T4)、30%(T5)、恢复正常血压10 min(T6)、术毕平卧位后10 min(T7)、拔出气管导管后10 min(T8)9个时间点,使用笔式眼压计测量眼内压(IOP),使用彩色多普勒超声仪测定右眼视网膜中央动脉和睫状后动脉的血流动力学特征收缩期最高流速(PSV)、舒张末期最低流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI)。结果患者诱导麻醉后,IOP、RI及PI随着麻醉时间的延长呈升高趋势,PSV及EDV呈降低趋势,T5时,各指标差异性最大,均较T0有显著差异(P0.05或0.001)。T6后,各指标有所恢复,T8各指标较T0无统计学差异(P0.05)。另外,T5时4例患者出现视网膜中央动脉闭塞(CRAO)征象,其MAP均低于患者该时段平均水平(64.8±8.66 mmHg)。结论控制性降压对俯卧位脊柱手术全麻患者的眼内压及眼底动脉血液动力学指征有所影响,血压降低水平控制在基线水平的30%以内,且保证目标MAP65 mmHg,可有效保护患者视神经。