非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响

目的 探讨梅毒血清中非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体对艾滋病病毒(HIV)明胶颗粒凝集试验的影响.方法 采用回顾性调查的方法,用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、HIV明胶颗粒凝集试验(HIV1/2-PA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)以及Abbot HIV胶体硒快速试验(Determine HIV-1/2),同时检测性病门诊保存的96份梅毒血清及96份健康对照者血清.结果 96份梅毒血清中有32份HIV1/2-PA结果被干扰而无法判读(致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集),其他64份血清HIV1/2-PA结果为阴性.将96份梅毒血清按滴度分成11组,观察到随着RPR滴度的升高,HIV1/2-PA结果出现干扰现象的频率也升高.RPR滴度＞1:8的标本出现此现象的比例与≤1:8的标本相比,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.73,P＜0.005).对9例出现HIV1/-PA结果干扰的梅毒患者进行随访,在苄星青霉素规范治疗后6个月,用HIV1/2-PA测试其血清,原结果中的干扰现象消失.比较这9例患者治疗前后RPR和TPPA滴度的变化发现,RPR的滴度均下降至≤1:8,而TPPA的滴度则有4例升高,有4例未变化.5份RPR阳性、滴度均＜1:8.TPPA阴性标本,在HIV1/2-PA试验中未出现结果被干扰现象.结论 高滴度(＞1:8)的非特异性梅毒螺旋体抗体,是HIV1/2-PA出现致敏颗粒和非致敏颗粒同时凝集这一干扰现象的主要原因.     

鼻腔止血器用于鼻腔填塞止血的疗效分析

目的分析比较高分子止血海绵和鼻腔止血器在鼻内镜术后的止血效果。方法选取100例需要进行鼻腔、鼻窦手术患者,其中男性76例,女性24例;年龄18~60岁,中位年龄36岁。随机分为2组,试验组50例,对照组50例。在术后分别放置高分子止血海绵和鼻腔止血器,观察患者的疼痛反应和止血效果,并对比取出填塞物时的难易程度及出血量,进行对比分析。结果两者止血效果相当,试验组少量渗血36例,对照组29例;两组无出血病例;止血效果两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组无痛、轻度疼痛各26、24例,对照组各3、44例。试验组填塞物容易取出46例,对照组21例。两组在鼻腔胀痛、头痛、抽出时难易程度、抽出时出血量方面的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),均显示试验组的效果优于对照组。结论鼻腔止血器不良反应少,临床效果优于高分子止血海绵填塞,值得广泛推广。     

可吸收止血胶原海绵在心脏外科术中胸骨止血的应用体会

目的:总结斯泰可(stypro)可吸收止血胶原海绵在心脏外科手术中的使用体会。方法:回顾性分析我科心脏手术患者300例,以使用不同止血材料平均分为三组,每组各100例。骨蜡组以骨蜡完成胸骨断面止血;斯泰可组和明胶海绵组钝性去除填塞于胸骨骨髓腔中的骨蜡,代之以剪裁成适合宽度的斯泰可(stypro)可吸收止血胶原海绵或明胶海绵填充后关闭胸骨。分析比较三组术后24h纵膈引流量,术后胸骨哆开情况,伤口脂肪液化或感染情况,二次开胸止血以及骨蜡排异情况。结果:三组引流量斯泰可组明显少于其他两组[(153.5±50.5)vs.(250.5±102.5)vs.(332.5±105.5)mL,P0.05];术后拔除气管插管时间、术后平均住院天数、胸骨哆开、伤口脂肪液化或感染、二次开胸止血以及骨蜡排异例数,斯泰可组明显优于其他两组。结论:斯泰可(stypro)止血胶原海绵在心脏外科术中胸骨断面止血效果明确,应用简便,建议临床推广应用。     

胶原蛋白海绵用于下颌阻生牙拔除术的效果分析

目的:探讨在下颌阻生牙拔除术后应用胶原蛋白海绵的临床效果。方法:选取2016年11月—2017年11月在天津市口腔医院行下颌阻生牙拔除术的患者150例,随机分为常规组和胶原蛋白海绵组。胶原蛋白海绵组患者进行下颌阻生牙拔除术后在拔牙窝内填入胶原蛋白海绵,常规组患者则只进行常规拔牙处置,比较2组患者拔牙后的相关情况。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。结果:胶原蛋白海绵组患者拔牙后30 min内拔牙窝出血率显著低于常规组（P<0.05）,拔牙后第1天和第3天疼痛程度评分显著低于常规组（P<0.05）,拔牙后干槽症和其他并发症的发生率显著低于常规组（P<0.05）。结论:在下颌阻生牙拔除术后应用胶原蛋白海绵,不仅可以有效减少术后出血量,而且可以有效降低术后干槽症和其他并发症的发生率,值得推广应用。     

Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用研究

目的:观察Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用效果。方法:选择40例前牙区拔牙拟作Ⅱ型种植的病人,随机分层分为Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵填塞止血组(试验组)及棉球压迫止血组(对照组)。拔牙后,试验组在牙槽窝置入Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,对照组常规紧咬棉球30分钟后取出,观察比较两组的止血效果和4周后行Ⅱ型种植手术前拔牙位点软组织愈合的情况。结果:试验组拔牙创出血很快停止,出血平均时间为0.67分,试验组、对照组止血效果有效率分别为100%,80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在4周后Ⅱ型种植手术前试验组、对照组的软组织愈合良好率分别为70%和40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,能显著缩短出血时间,有效增强止血效果,具有止血和持久杀菌的双重效果,有利于形成良好的软组织,有利于早期种植体植入后封闭创面,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Synthetic hydrogel scaffold is an effective vehicle for delivery of INFUSE (rhBMP2) to critical‐sized calvaria bone defects in rats

Medtronic's INFUSE Bone Graft provides surgeons with a potent tool for stimulating bone formation. Current delivery vehicles that rely on Absorbable Collagen Sponges (ACS) require excessive quantities of the active ingredient in INFUSE, recombinant human Bone Morphogenic Protein‐2 (rhBMP2), to achieve physiologically relevant concentrations of the growth factor, driving up the cost of the product and increasing the likelihood of undesirable side effects in neighboring tissues. We demonstrate that a simple light‐mediated, thiol‐ene chemistry can be used to create an effective polymer delivery vehicle for rhBMP2, eliminating the use of xenographic materials and reducing the dose of rhBMP2 required to achieve therapeutic effects. Comprised entirely of synthetic components, this system entraps rhBMP2 within a biocompatible hydrogel scaffold that is degraded by naturally occurring remodeling enzymes, clearing the way for new tissue formation. When tested side‐by‐side with ACS in a critical‐sized bone defect model in rats, this polymeric delivery system significantly increased bone formation over ACS controls. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 401–406, 2013     

Prospective study on burns treated with Integra,a cellulose sponge and split thickness skin graft: Comparative clinical and histological study—Randomized controlled trial

Background

The aim of this study was to compare three different methods to cover excised burn wounds in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

Fascially excised burn wounds, measuring 10 cm × 5 cm, were covered with Integra^®, split thickness skin graft (STSG), and a viscose cellulose sponge Cellonex™ in each of ten adult patients. Integra^® and Cellonex™ treated areas were covered with thin STSG on day 14. Biopsies were taken 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, 3 months, and 12 months after surgery, and samples were subjected to a range of immunohistochemical stains, in addition to hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Scar assessment was performed 3 and 12 months post-operatively with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS).

Results

Inflammation was not substantial in any of the study areas, but Cellonex™ had the most neutrophils, histiocytes, and lymphocytes with significant differences on days 7 and 14. Complete vascularization of Integra^® seemed to occur later compared to the other materials. STSG had the most myofibroblasts on day 14 (p = 0.012). In VSS the quality of the scar improved in all materials from 3 to 12 months.

Conclusions

The final results for all treatments after 12 months demonstrate equal clinical appearance, as well as histological and immunohistochemical findings.     

儿童髓质海绵肾的合并症分析及与预后关系探讨

目的 髓质海绵肾（Medullary sponge kidney,MSK）多在成年发病,儿童期发病者罕见且病情多较严重,导致肾功能不全者较多,这可能与同时存在影响肾脏的一些合并症有关.本文分析儿童期发病的MSK的合并症发生情况并探讨合并症与预后的关系.方法 收集20例MSK患儿的临床资料,分析其合并症发生率并探讨合并症与预后的关系.结果 20例儿童MSK患儿,其中男13例,女7例,年龄10个月～13岁,平均年龄（7.95±11.49）岁.所有病例均有特征性多发性双肾结石表现,15例（占75%） 例并发尿路感染.此外,15例合并症中有14例为远端肾小管酸中毒（dRTA）,4例为胱氨酸尿症,1例为Carolis病,1例为肝豆状核变性.慢性肾功能不全的发生与结石关系不大,而与合并症有无以及泌尿道感染发生有关,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 儿童期发病的MSK合并症发生率高,对于儿童MSK,应积极治疗合并症,及时控制尿路感染,以减少慢性肾衰的发生.