产科急症子宫切除术16例分析

回顾分析近12a产科急症子宫切除术16例,16例均为子宫出血,其中剖宫产13例,阴道产3例,子宫出血的主要原因是各种胎盘异常,其发生与多次流产及宫腔操作史有关,阴道产后子宫切除失血量往往多于剖宫产者,提示在产后血失代偿期经导迅速治疗处理后,子宫出血仍不能有效控制,应当机立断行子宫切除术,以挽救产妇的生命。     

新生儿硬肿症播散性血管内凝血和肺出血的研究及其临床意义

目的 :探讨不同病情硬肿症播散性血管内凝血 (DIC)的出凝血功能改变 ,为合理治疗提供理论依据。方法 :比较观察组 10 0例和对照组 5 0例 5项出凝血指标检测结果。结果 :观察组不同病情之间比较 :凝血酶原时间 ,3P试验 ,血小板计数和外周血红细胞形态无显著性差异 (P均 >0 0 5 ) ;试管法凝血时间比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。观察组与对照组 5项指标比较有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :新生儿硬肿症存在播散性血管内凝血的出凝血功能改变 ,病情越重改变越明显 ,越易合并DIC、肺出血 ,病死率也越高 ,硬肿症早期血液多呈现高凝状态 ,DIC的晚期多呈现低凝状态。早期肝素治疗 ,不仅可改变血液的出凝血状态 (高凝状态 ) ,而且是防治DIC ,肺出血 ,提高治愈率的有效途径。治疗硬肿症加强综合支持疗法 ,尤其是维持内环境稳定纠正酸中毒切不可忽视 ,否则肝素在酸性环境中灭活失效     

东菱精纯克栓酶对荷瘤裸鼠全血Casson值的影响

为观察并了解东菱精纯克栓酶对荷瘤裸鼠全血Casson值的影响,采用锥板式粘度计对移植了胃癌和鼻咽癌的荷瘤裸鼠使用东菱精纯克栓酶前后的全血粘度进行检测,并采用线性回归的方法求出各组Casson粘度(CV)及Casson屈服值(CY)。结果显示,使用东菱精纯克栓酶后两组荷瘤裸鼠全血(CV)值皆明显下降(P＜0.01);(CY)值在胃癌组明显下降(P＜0.01),鼻咽癌组无明显变化(P＞0.05)。结果表明,使用东菱精纯克栓酶对荷瘤裸鼠的血液流变学参数有明显改善,提示有可能将其应用于临床预防肿瘤转移及扩散。     

食管静脉曲张出血3种治疗方法的成本效果分析

目的　对比 3种疗法治疗食管静脉曲张出血 (EVB)的临床成本 /效果。方法　 98例EVB分为 3组 ,36例给予垂体后叶素 (0 .2～ 0 .4u·min-1,共 2d)联用硝苯啶 (垂体组 )、30例给予施他宁 (2 5 0 μg·h-1,共 2d) (施他宁组 ) ,32例给予硬化剂治疗 (硬化剂组 ) ,并对 3组成本和效果进行分析。结果　垂体组、施他宁组和硬化剂组 2 4h内有效止血分别为 32例 (88.89% )、2 7例 (90 .0 0 % )和 2 8例 (87.5 0 % ) ,各组间比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;平均输血量垂体组与硬化剂组、施他宁组与硬化剂组间比较均差异性显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3d和 7d再出血率各组间比较无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;成本 /效果比值 (C/E)垂体组明显低于施他宁组和硬化剂组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　垂体后叶素联用硝苯啶不但安全有效 ,相比更经济 ,应为治疗EVB紧急止血的一线药物     

145例胃腺癌P21和P53免疫组化分析

目的：研究同一胃癌中癌基因和抑癌基因蛋白产物的表达。方法;应用免疫组织化学SP方法检测10例正常胃粘膜、10例萎缩性胃炎、10例肠上皮化生的胃壁组织和145例胃癌组织中P21和P53蛋白的表达水平。结果：10例正常胃粘膜、10例萎缩性胃炎、10例肠上皮化生的胃壁组织中未发现P21和P53。145例胃癌组织中P21和 P53的阳性检出率分别为55.2%和51.2%。表达阳性的P53定位于肿瘤核内,P21定位于细胞膜或细胞浆上。P21和P53的阳性表达率与胃癌的分化程度呈正相关。结论;检测P21和P53有助于评估胃癌的预后。     

大鼠胃黏膜癌变过程细胞凋亡及相关癌基因bcl—2、c—myc的动态表达

目的：探讨大鼠胃黏膜癌变发生发展过程中细胞凋亡及其相关基因的关系。方法：采用MNNG,10％NaCl及酒精灌胃建立了大鼠胃黏膜癌变模型,设立正常空白组,模型组,分别用TUNEL,原位杂交技术及免疫组化大鼠检测胃黏膜细胞凋亡指数,bcl-2,c-myc基因表达。结果：本造模方法成功率较高。从正常胃黏膜到胃癌,细胞凋亡指数逐渐下降,bcl-2,c-myc基因表达逐渐增高,大鼠胃黏膜细胞凋亡受到抑制与bcl-2,c-myc基因高表达具有高度的一致性,结论：细胞凋亡失控是胃黏膜癌变发生发展的机制之一,bcl-2,c-myc基因可能参与了对大鼠胃黏膜癌变细胞凋亡的调控。     

胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗与全身静脉化疗的临床疗效比较

目的　评价胃癌术中动脉区域灌注化疗药物的临床疗效。方法　对 40例经病理确诊的胃癌患者 (治疗组 )于术中经供应肿瘤的区域动脉行插管化疗 ,同时进行手术治疗 ,并与同期术中行全身静脉化疗的 2 4例胃癌患者 (对照组 )进行临床疗效比较。结果　术后病理检查显示 ,治疗组原发灶中的癌细胞均有不同程度地变性坏死 ,其近期有效率为 95 % ,对照组有效率为 41.6 7% ,两组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌患者术中经动脉灌注化疗 ,其近期抗癌效果好 ,毒副反应轻 ,对减少或防止术中癌细胞的医源性扩散与种植以及术后复发 ,均有重要的临床意义     

药物流产不全延迟处理54例临床分析

目的　探讨药物流产不全的原因及诊治方法。方法　收集药物流产后阴道出血达 1月以上而未行治疗者 ,根据B超等协助诊断 ,予以清宫后治愈。结果　 5 4例全部行清宫术 ,刮出物病检均为机化变性绒毛组织 ,部分伴炎性反应。清宫后阴道出血停止。结论　对于药物流产后阴道出血时间过长者 ,应及早明确诊断 ,及时行清宫术。     

Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Extended Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Analgesia After Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundChronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use is associated with gastrointestinal bleeding via inhibition of endogenous mucosal protection and platelet aggregation. This study aimed to determine whether extended NSAIDs after joint arthroplasty is associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsThis was a retrospective study examining 28,794 adults who underwent joint arthroplasty by one of 50 surgeons from 2016 to 2018. Episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding within 90 days postoperatively were identified prospectively. Postoperative medications were reported directly by patients with electronic questionnaires. The primary analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 74 (0.26%) episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred within 90 days (median 8 days) postoperatively. Of 5086 patients with complete data included in the primary analysis, 59.6% had used NSAIDs with median duration of 2 weeks (interquartile range, 0-6 weeks). Patients with gastrointestinal bleeding were significantly older (71.3 vs 67.0 years), required longer hospitalizations (2.1 vs 1.5 days), and more commonly had a history of peptic ulcers (10.8% vs 0.9%). However, there was no positive association between NSAID use and gastrointestinal bleeding. In fact, the odds of gastrointestinal bleeding were lower in patients taking NSAIDs. Gastrointestinal bleeding was associated with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and, to a lesser extent, aspirin.ConclusionNSAIDs were not associated with gastrointestinal bleeding and may be prescribed safely for a majority of patients after joint arthroplasty. The greatest odds of gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in patients with peptic ulcer disease and those who received antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents. Increasing age and bilateral surgery were also associated with gastrointestinal bleeding.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

Comparison of Billroth I,Billroth II,and Roux-en-Y reconstructions following distal gastrectomy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Major surgical treatment for distal gastric cancer include Billroth I (BI), Billroth II (BII), and Roux-en-Y (RY). Since the optimal reconstruction methods remains inconclusive, we aimed to compare these treatments in terms of intraoperative and postoperative course after distal gastrectomy with a systematic review and random-effects network meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Ovid's database for prospective, randomized, controlled trials comparing the outcomes of BI, BII, and RY reconstruction after distal gastrectomy until January 2020. From the included studies, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, endoscopic findings and complications were extracted as the short- and long-term outcomes of reconstructions. The network meta-analysis was performed with R 3.5.2 software as well as “gemtc” and “forestplot” packages. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1662 patients were included. RY reconstruction has a lower risk and degree of remnant gastritis than BI and BII reconstructions(OR 0.40, 95%Crl: 0.24–0.64; OR 0.36, 95% Crl: 0.16–0.83, respectively). BI reconstruction method took significantly less time to perform as compared to BII and RY reconstruction (WMD 20, 95% Crl: 0.18–41; WMD 30, 95% Crl: 14–25, respectively). No differences in intraoperative blood loss, time to resumed oral intake, postoperative hospital stay, reflux oesophagitis and complications among the three reconstructions. The RY reconstruction after distal gastrectomy was more effective in preventing remnant gastritis than Billroth I and Billroth II reconstruction, although RY reconstruction was considered as technical complexity.