Gallbladder torsion showing a “whirl sign” on a multidetector computed tomography scan

An 82-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of right upper quadrant pain. A physical examination showed a palpable tender mass in the right upper quadrant with Murphy's sign. The contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan clearly showed the twisted pedicle of the cystic duct and gallbladder mesentery on the right side of the gallbladder, thus showing a “whirl sign,” and a definitive diagnosis of gallbladder torsion was made. The patient underwent a cholecystectomy, resulting in a favorable outcome. Therefore, the whirl sign on MDCT imaging can be a key to making a definitive diagnosis of gallbladder torsion.     

Percutaneous cholecystostomy for patients with acute cholecystitis and an increased surgical risk

Purpose To evaluated percutaneous cholecystostomy in patients with acute cholecystitis and an increased surgical risk. Methods Thirty-three patients with acute cholecystitis (calculous,n=22; acalculous,n=11) underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy by means of a transhepatic (n=21) or transperitoneal (n=12) access route. Clinical and laboratory parameters were retrospectively studied to determine the benefit from cholecystostomy. Results All procedures were technically successful. Twenty-two (67%) patients improved clinically within 48 hr; showing a significant decreased in body temperature (n=13), normalization of the white blood cell count (n=3), or both (n=6). There were 6 (18%) minor/moderate complications (transhepatic access,n=3; transperitoneal access,n=3). Further treatment for patients with calculous cholecystitis was cholecystectomy (n=9) and percutaneous and endoscopic stone removal (n=8). Further treatment for patients with acalculous cholecystitis was cholecystectomy (n=2) and gallbladder ablation (n=2). There were 4 deaths (12%) either in hospital or within 30 days of drainage; none of the deaths was procedure-related. Conclusion Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe and effective procedure for patients with acute cholecystitis. For most patients with acalculous cholecystitis percutaneous cholecystostomy may be considered a definitive therapy. In calculous disease this treatment is often only temporizing and a definitive surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic treatment becomes necessary.     

胆囊癌多b值磁共振扩散加权成像的临床应用

目的 评价不同b值磁共振扩散加权成像对胆囊癌的显示能力和最佳b值的选择;并探讨表观扩散系数值与胆囊癌分化程度的关系.方法 对33例胆囊癌患者术前行常规MRI和DWI检查.测量肿瘤的ADC值,计算多b值扩散成像和T2 WI图像中的信噪比、对比噪声比及信号强度比等数据;对经手术病理证实的33例胆囊癌患者进行病理分级,比较不同b值时不同分化程度胆囊腺癌的ADC值;并进行统计学分析.结果 33例胆囊癌病灶均被DWI检出,肿瘤的SNR和肿瘤与正常肝脏的CNR随b值的增加逐渐下降,而肿瘤的SIR随b值增加逐渐升高.b值800s/mm2时DWI图像肿瘤与正常肝脏的CNR、肿瘤的SIR和SNR均高于T2WI,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.胆囊腺癌的ADC值随着b值增高逐渐变小,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 胆囊癌扩散加权成像的最佳b值为800s/mm2,可以得到胆囊癌的良好显示;胆囊腺癌ADC值随着肿瘤分化程度的降低而减小.     

混合模式成像在胆囊疾病的应用价值

目的:探讨三维超声的混合模式成像在胆囊疾病中的应用价值。方法:对78例患者的胆囊行二维及三维超声检查,以混合模式进行三维超声重建,评价三维超声是否能够优于二维,获得更多的诊断信息。结果:重建的三维图像清晰、直观、具有较强的立体感。①三维超声可以显示结石的数目、光滑的表面;②可以显示息肉的部位、表面乳头状或桑葚状的特征、与胆囊壁的关系、基底部、蒂的长短;③可以清晰显示腺肌症增厚的胆囊壁及特征性的罗阿氏窦;④可以显示胆囊癌病灶基底部对胆囊壁及周围组织的浸润程度。结论:三维超声混合模式重建图像可以直观地显示胆囊疾病的形态特点及与周围组织的结构关系,与二维超声联合应用,有利于胆囊疾病的诊断。     

胆囊息肉样病变彩色多普勒超声检查的临床意义

<正>胆囊息肉样病变(polypoid lesions of gallbladder,PLG)又称胆囊隆起性病变,是一种常见的胆囊黏膜局限性隆起病变的统称,多数PLG为良性病变,但也有少部分为恶性或癌前病变。临床上对PLG直径10mm,并伴有临床症状的患者,多采用胆囊切除术作为治疗手段;对于息肉直径≤10mm的患者鉴别腺瘤和早期胆囊癌具有重要的临床意义[1]。本文对我院269例PLG患者的超声影像特征和手术病理结果进     

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Gallbladder: Report of a Case

Abdominal lymphangioma is usually diagnosed within the first 2 years of life and is extremely rare in adults. The most common location of abdominal lymphangioma is the mesentery, but there are sporadic reports of its development in the gallbladder. A 66-year-old woman was found to have a cystic lesion near the gallbladder. Preoperative studies, including endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, showed a tumor with multilocular cystic structure, originating in the gallbladder fossa. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, and the mass was resected en bloc with the gallbladder, as there was no evidence of malignancy on intraoperative ultrasonography. Macroscopically, the tumor was a multilocular cystic mass, 6 × 3 × 2 cm in size, with a rough, sponge-like appearance. Histologically, the cystic tumor was diagnosed as a lymphangioma, originating in the gallbladder. To our knowledge, only three other cases of a cystic lymphangioma originating in the gallbladder have been reported in the medical literature of the world.     

Flowcharts for the management of biliary tract and ampullary carcinomas

No strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma have been clearly described. We developed flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract carcinoma on the basis of the best clinical evidence. Risk factors for bile duct carcinoma are a dilated type of pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A nondilated type of PBM is a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Symptoms that may indicate biliary tract carcinoma are jaundice and pain in the upper right area of the abdomen. The first step of diagnosis is to carry out blood biochemistry tests and ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen. The second step of diagnosis is to find the local extension of the carcinoma by means of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Because resection is the only way to completely cure biliary tract carcinoma, the indications for resection are determined first. In patients with resectable disease, the indications for biliary drainage or portal vein embolization (PVE) are checked. In those with nonresectable disease, biliary stenting, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or best supportive care is selected.     

胆道肿瘤组织中p62和p21表达的临床意义

目的 探讨原癌基因C－myc,H-ras蛋白产物P62和P21在胆管癌、胆囊癌和胆道胆囊良性病变中的表达及其临床意义。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法（ABC法）,检测30例胆管癌,28例胆囊癌和30例胆道良性病变中P62和P21的表达水平。结果 30例胆管癌中,P62和P21过度表达阳性主分别为66.7%和63.3%,而胆管良性病变阳性率分别为10％和0,二者差异有显著性意义（P＜0.05),28例胆囊癌中,P62和P21过度表达阳性率,分别为42.8%和57.1%,而胆囊良性病变仅为10％和5％。二者差异比较有显著意义（P＜0.05)。同时也显示,胆管和胆囊恶性病变中P62和P21过度表达程度与病理组织学相一致,与原发癌灶的大小、淋巴的转移有显著相关性。结论 胆管癌、胆囊癌中P62和P21水平呈现过度表达,与病理类型、恶性程度、癌灶大小及淋巴转移有关,对其诊断、鉴别诊断及预后的判断有一定的参考价值。     

胆囊癌临床分析和诊治体会

目的：总结胆囊癌（ＧＢＣ）临床表现、诊断和治疗体会。方法：对我院１９８１～２０００年收治的７２例ＧＢＣ作回顾性分析,其中５７例和２６例病人分别接受Ｂ超或ＣＴ检查,６４例经手术与术后病理证实。结果：本组ＧＢＣ胆囊结石共存率７９．２％（５７／７２）,Ｂ超诊断符合率５４．４％（３１／５７）,ＣＴ诊断符合率７６．９％（２０／２６）,术前诊断符合率４８．６％（３５／７２）,手术治疗６４例,原发病灶切除率６７．２％（４３／６４）。术后５年生存率为７．８％（５／６４）。本组中腺癌占９６．９％（６２／６４）。结论：ＧＢＣ早期诊断较为困难,应结合临床综合考虑,对ＮｅｖｉｎⅢ～Ⅳ期的ＧＢＣ应以根治术治疗为主,扩大根治术虽能延长某些病人的生存期,但手术并发症多、手术死亡率高,应予关注。     

胆囊癌89例临床分析

目的 探讨提高胆囊癌疗效的途径。方法 对１９８５－１９９６年间收治的８９例胆囊癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 ８９例患者中男３１例,女５８例。男：女之比为１：１.８７。胆囊癌合并胆囊结石者占４０％,术前Ｂ超论断符合率为７９％（６２／７８）。ＣＴ诊断符合率为９２％（４３／４７）,术中及术后病理确诊占１８％（１６／７７）。本组７例漏诊,７７例行探查手术,５０例切除胆囊。切除率６５％,其中根治 切除２８例,根治率３6％。本组行根治性切除者１、３、５年生存率分别为７７％、５４％和２７５;行姑息性切除者１、３、５年生存率分别为４１％、１２％和６％（与根治切除相比Ｐ均＜０.０５）。仅行探查术者中位生存期３个月,且均在１年内死亡。结论 早期发现和根治性手术是提高胆囊癌患者生存率的有效方法,避免术中漏诊对预后有重要意义,对晚期胆囊癌应行扩大根治术。