乳腺导管造影术在乳腺病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨乳腺导管造影在乳腺疾病诊断中临床应用。方法回顾分析了42例乳腺导管造影检查资料,病例均经临床检查、钼靶摄片、乳腺导管造影检查及病理证实。结果 42例乳腺导管造影一、二级导管显影良好,其中导管癌4例,导管扩张症8例,乳头状瘤12例,正常导管15例,乳腺囊型增生症2例,乳头状瘤合并导管扩张1例。结论乳腺导管造影对乳腺导管系统疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断以及导管内乳头状癌的早期诊断具有重要的价值。     

超声检查联合X线摄片乳腺导管造影对乳管内占位性病变的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声检查联合X线摄片乳腺导管造影对乳管内占位性病变的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年6月至2015年6月我院收治的93例乳管内占位性病变患者的超声和X线摄片乳腺导管造影的影像学资料,对单项检查和联合检查的结果进行比较.结果 超声检查发现乳管内占位性病变的检出率为82.80%(77/93),漏诊率为17.20%(16/93),发现乳管内恶性占位性病变的检出率为40.00%(4/10),漏诊率为60.00%(6/10);X线摄片乳腺导管造影发现乳管内占位性病变的检出率为76.34%(71/93),漏诊率为23.66%(22/93),发现乳管内恶性占位性病变的检出率为20.00%(2/10),漏诊率为80.00%(8/10);超声和X线摄片乳腺导管造影联合,发现乳管内占位性病变的检出率为89.25%(83/93),漏诊率为10.75%(10/93),发现乳管内恶性占位性病变的检出率为60.00%(6/10),漏诊率为40.00%(4/10).单项检查和联合检查的检出率、漏诊率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 超声检查和X线摄片乳腺导管造影各有优缺点,两种方法联合检查可提高乳腺导管内占位性病变的检出率,降低漏诊率.     

Pathologic Nipple Discharge: Surgery Is Imperative in Postmenopausal Women

Background A total of 10% to 15% of pathologic nipple discharge in women is due to malignant lesions of the breast. The purpose of this study was to discover the rate of breast cancer in women who present with this symptom and undergo ductal excision, to evaluate the different diagnostic methods used before surgery, and to discover whether there are specific factors with regard to dignity.Methods We analyzed 118 ductal excisions in 116 patients performed at the women’s hospital of the University of Rostock, Germany, between 1995 and 2002. The discharging duct was identified by preoperative galactography.Results The rate of cancer in these patients was 9.3% (n = 11). The most frequent benign lesion was intraductal papillomatous proliferation (36.4%; n = 43). Solitary papillomas were shown in 21.2% (n = 25), and other specific benign histologic findings were shown in 27.1% (n = 32). Women with malignancies were significantly older (P = .009) and were more often postmenopausal (P = .095) compared with patients with benign histology. Galactography was the method that reached the highest sensitivity (73%), and clinical examination showed the highest specificity (85%) in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.Conclusions Because 94.1% of all cases presented with specific histological findings causing pathologic nipple discharge, ductal excision combined with preoperative galactography was proven to be a sufficient method for diagnosis and therapy. This procedure should be performed in all postmenopausal women with this symptom because of a cancer rate of 12.7% among this age group and the unsatisfactory quality of other diagnostic methods.     

乳腺导管系统疾病400例造影分析

目的：为进一步提高乳腺导管系统疾病的Ｘ线诊断水平。方法：作者回顾分析４００例乳腺导管系统疾病的造影资料。结果：肿瘤性疾病占１１％，包括导管内乳头状瘤、导管内乳头状癌、导管癌，其中以导管内乳头状瘤最多见，占６．２５％。非肿瘤性疾病占８９％，包括导管扩张、导管扩张并慢性炎症、浆细胞性乳腺炎、乳腺囊肿、小叶增生、囊性增生，其中以导管扩张最多见，占６２．５％。结论：乳腺导管造影对导管系统疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断很有价值。     

Ductographic Findings of Breast Cancer

Ductography has become the gold standard for the evaluation of patients exhibiting pathologic nipple discharges. In nine patients (age range, 29-67 years; median age, 51 years) with invasive (n=5) or intraductal (n=4) cancer, ductographic findings were recorded, then correlated with mammographic and sonographic findings. Common ductographic findings included complete ductal obstruction, multiple irregular filling defects in the nondilated peripheral ducts, ductal wall irregularities, periductal contrast extravasation, and ductal displacement. Faint microcalcifications or ill-defined masses, which were not opacified by contrast material, were often discovered adjacent to ductal abnormalities. Mammographically and sonographically occult diffusely spreading intraductal cancers often manifested as pathologic nipple discharge. In such cases, meticulous ductographic examinations and interpretations were crucial in order not to miss breast cancers.     

乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳头溢液诊断价值的比较

目的比较乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳头溢液的诊断价值。方法对2005年3月至2008年11月197例乳头溢液患者行乳管检查与乳管镜造影检查并进行临床对照研究。结果乳管镜对乳管内隆起性病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别97.80%,73.33%,97.80%,73.33%;乳管造影对乳管内隆起性病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.00%,64.86%,61.76%,85.71%。乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳管内病变的诊断的准确性分别为93.41%,59.5%。结论乳管镜检查对乳头溢液的病因诊断明显优于乳管造影,是乳头溢液的首选检查方法。     

Galactography: method of choice in pathologic nipple discharge?

Our objective was to assess the role of galactography in the diagnostic work-up of patients with pathological nipple discharge together with exfoliative cytology, and investigation of secretion colour. All galactographies performed in this center between 1993 and 1998 were evaluated retrospectively. In 134 cases, outcomes, defined as either a postoperative histology or a negative follow-up over 2 years after galactography, were available. In 96 of these cases, exfoliative cytology was performed, and in 65 cases the colour of the secretion was determined. Galactograms, cytological findings and colour of the secretions were compared with the outcomes. At galactography, the radiographic findings had the following individual sensitivities/specificities in detecting carcinomas: filling defect 55.6%/62.1%; ductectasia 22.2%/94%; and filling stop 5.6%/77.6%. Normal galactograms (n=33, 25%) had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 93% in predicting absence of disease. Technically inadequate investigations occurred in 16 (12%) cases. Cytology showed 69.2%/66.8% for papillomatous borderline or malignant cells; 53.8%/75.3% for borderline or malignant cells; and 7.7%/100% for one case of malignant cells. For the assessment of pathological secretions, galactography is a sensitive but unspecific method for the detection of papillomas or carcinomas. Filling defects, ductectasia and ductal distortion carry the highest levels of suspicion for carcinoma. A normal galactogram is a specific yet moderately sensitive indicator of absence of localized disease. Exfoliative cytology shows low sensitivity but better specificity for carcinomas when borderline or malignant cells are found. In the present series, the colour of the secretions does not add significant information about underlying pathology. Electronic Publication