持续脑电双频指数监测在脓毒症脑病患者中的应用价值

目的  探讨持续性脑电双频指数（BIS）监测在脓毒症脑病（SAE）患者中的临床应用价值。方法  采取随机区组法，将山东省胜利油田中心医院2011年4月-2014月4月收治的116例脓毒症患者按是否为脑病患者分为脓毒症脑病组（SAE）及非脓毒症脑病组（非SAE），比较两组BIS、PCT、S100β蛋白、GCS分数及APACHE-II分数差异，并就BIS与GCS分数及APACHE-II分数进行Pearson相关性分析，同时对以上指标在患者的差异进行比较。结果  SAE组PCT值（8.453±3.442）μg/L及S100β蛋白值（0.775±0.356）μg/L均高于非SAE组（4.775±2.874）μg/L、（0.146±0.096）μg/L，差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）；同时，脓毒症脑病患者BIS与GCS及APACHE-II具有明显的相关性，相关系数分别为0.754及-0.657，而脓毒症患者则无明显相关性，此外，两组患者不同治疗结局下各项指数差异均具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论  对脓毒症患者实施持续BIS监测有利于早期确诊患者是否并发脓毒症脑病，并对治疗预后起到一定的预判作用，同时BIS与GCS及APACHE-II具有较好的相关性，若配合PCT及S100β表达水平，则有助于准确评估患者病情。

     

Clinical approach to comatose patients

The nature of consciousness itself belongs within a group of ‘underdetermined questions’ to which we might not be able to find an answer. Similarly, we have a limited understanding of disorders of consciousness. In this brief article, we discuss a practical approach to the comatose patient and the importance of promptly identifying the cause to prevent permanent neurologic damage.     

鼠神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗重型急性颅脑损伤的临床观察

目的探讨鼠神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗重型急性颅脑损伤的临床疗效。方法选择2011年1月—2014年12月濮阳市油田总医院收治的重型急性颅脑损伤患者90例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各45例。对照组静脉滴注注射用奥拉西坦,将4.0 g注射用奥拉西坦加入250 m L生理盐水中,1次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上im注射用鼠神经生长因子,用2 m L生理盐水溶解30μg,1次/d。两组均连续治疗14 d。观察两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷(GCS)评分及Glasgow(GOS)评分分级情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组总有效率分别为66.67%、88.89%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗第3、7、14天两组NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著降低,GCS评分显著升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗第7、14天治疗组NIHSS和GCS评分的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组和治疗组的良好率分别为31.11%、46.67%,清醒率分别为53.33%、71.11%,两组良好率和清醒率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论鼠神经生长因子联合奥拉西坦治疗重型急性颅脑损伤具有较好的临床疗效,能够促进患者清醒,改善预后,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Effects of Timing and Intensity of Neurorehabilitation on Functional Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

To systematically review evidence on the effects of timing and intensity of neurorehabilitation on the functional recovery of patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aggregate the available evidence using meta-analytic methods.

Investigating the Variability in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Definitions: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective

To prospectively compare the proportion of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) that would be classified as mild by applying different published definitions of mild TBI to a large prospectively collected dataset, and to examine the variability in the proportions included by various definitions.

Prognostic values of gray matter to white matter ratios on early brain computed tomography in adult comatose patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac etiology

Aim of the studyPrevious studies found that the gray matter to white matter ratio (GWR) on brain computed tomography (CT) could be used to predict poor outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors. However, these studies have included cardiac arrests of both cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies. We sought to evaluate if the GWR on brain CT can help to predict poor outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) of cardiac etiology.MethodsUsing a multicenter retrospective registry of adult cardiac arrest survivors treated with therapeutic hypothermia, we identified survivors of OHCA of cardiac etiology who underwent brain CT within 24 h after successful resuscitation. Gray and white matter attenuations were measured, and the GWRs were calculated as in previous studies. The prognostic values of the GWRs were analyzed, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the contribution of the GWR in predicting poor outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category 3–5).Resultsof 283 included patients, 140 had good outcomes and 143 had poor outcomes. Although the GWRs could predict poor outcomes with statistical significance, the sensitivities were remarkably low (3.5% to 5.6%) at cutoff values with 100% specificity. No significant difference in predictive performance was found between the primary predictive model, containing independent poor outcome predictors, and the primary predictive model combined with the GWR.ConclusionIn a cohort of comatose adults after OHCA of cardiac etiology, the GWR demonstrated poor predictive performance and was not helpful in predicting poor outcomes.