CT三维容积重建在颌骨疾病诊治中的应用

目的　评价CT三维容积重建在颌面骨病变诊治中的应用价值。方法　用MX 80 0 0双排螺旋CT机的 4D Angio软件处理容积数据得到高度仿真的三维CT ,可直观清晰地显示颌骨病变的部位、范围、程度及其与邻近结构的关系 ,有利临床作出准确诊断 ,正确选择手术方法和确定手术进路。结果　CT三维容积重建可以直观地显示颌合骨的复杂结构及其病变的整体形态 ,对骨折复位和病变彻底切除起到重要作用。结论　与常规断面CT以及三维表面遮蔽 (SSD)重建相比 ,MX 80 0 0的 4D Angio软件 (相当于volumerender ing软件 ,即VR)做出的CT三维容积重建 (VR)更有立体感 ,更能展现解剖结构的自然形态 ,而且其为容积数据的全息处理 ,可显示骨质内部结构 ,因而能为临床提供更直观 ,详实的形态学资料 ,便于确诊并可优化手术方案和最大限度减少手术创伤 ,有利于功能和形态的更好恢复     

火电厂自然降尘对几种人体正常菌株生长的影响

目的研究火电厂自然沉降粉尘对3株人体正常菌的生长作用机制。方法分析所选火电厂粉尘的物相、主要化学成分及粒度分布,测定粉尘与各菌株相互作用后,菌落数、培养基pH值、葡萄糖(GLU)、电解质等相对试验对照样的变化,同时进行扫描电镜(SEM)分析,观察粉尘颗粒与各细菌的界面接触情况。结果3株人体正常菌与火电厂粉尘作用后,Ca2 、Mg2 浓度最大与细菌对照组(0.58mmol/L和0.38mmol/L)相比分别增加了0.69mmol/L(P<0.05)和0.16mmol/L(P<0.05),菌落数与细菌对照组(17×1011CFU/L)相比分别增加了1×1011CFU/L和12×1011CFU/L(P<0.05),而GLU的消耗量、pH值以及其他电解质等变化不明显。结论适量浓度的所选火电厂粉尘对人体正常菌株的生长影响不明显,但火电厂粉尘对人体体表正常菌(表皮葡萄球菌)的生长影响更为显著,更易造成其平衡失调。     

机械通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)治疗中的应用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病是引起呼吸衰竭的最常见原因之一,在对患者施行机械通气时,应根据其发病机理和病人指征来确定通气模式,设置呼吸机参数,并在通气过程中密切注意观察病人是否有动态过度充气,内原性呼气末正压及人-机是否同步.     

成年男性血清生殖激素水平与精液量以及精子密度的关系

目的:探索普通成年男性血清生殖激素水平与精液量以及精子密度的关系。方法:资料来源于对5个研究现场(河北省石家庄市、山西省太原市、贵州省贵阳市、浙江省杭州市及山东省青岛市)的普通成年男性的横断面调查。同时收集研究对象的血样和精液样本,分析黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)以及雌二醇(E2)与精液量、精子密度之间的关系。结果:共招收研究对象978名,通过相关分析及方差分析表明,高水平T对象的精子密度较低;高水平E2对象精液量较少。Logistic回归分析发现,高水平T发生低精子密度的危险性大,低水平的LH发生低精子密度的危险性小。结论:普通成年男性血清中生殖激素水平与精液数量指标有关,但表现出的某些关联性用已知的下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴调节机制尚无法完全解释。     

Evaluation of physician experience in achieving non-perfused volume ratio of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for uterine fibroids: a multicentre study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of different levels of physician experience on the high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of uterine fibroids and to provide a reference for the use of non-perfused volume ratio (NPVR) standards during training.MethodsThis prospective multicentre study enrolled patients with uterine fibroids. The effect of the physician’s level of experience on the outcomes under different NPVR standards and the learning curve of six centres without HIFU experience were analysed. The impact of patient demographic and clinical characteristics were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 1352 patients from 20 centres were included in the study. The median NPVRs were 92.00%, 88.10% and 92.86% in the no experience group, inexperienced group and experienced group, respectively. Posterior wall fibroids, lateral wall fibroids and fundus fibroids were inversely correlated with NPVR, while experienced physicians were positively correlated with NPVR. With NPVR ≥ 70% and NPVR ≥ 80% standards, physicians in the no experience group completed the learning curve on the 11th and 16th procedure, respectively. Physicians under a standard of an NPVR ≥ 90% did not complete the learning curve.ConclusionsNPVR ≥ 80% is a standard that is worth using for HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids.     

Structural and functional biomarkers of the insula subregions predict sex differences in aggression subscales

Aggression is a common and complex social behavior that is associated with violence and mental diseases. Although sex differences were observed in aggression, the neural mechanism for the effect of sex on aggression behaviors remains unclear, especially in specific subscales of aggression. In this study, we investigated the effects of sex on aggression subscales, gray matter volume (GMV), and functional connectivity (FC) of each insula subregion as well as the correlation of aggression subscales with GMV and FC. This study found that sex significantly influenced (a) physical aggression, anger, and hostility; (b) the GMV of all insula subregions; and (c) the FC of the dorsal agranular insula (dIa), dorsal dysgranular insula (dId), and ventral dysgranular and granular insula (vId_vIg). Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the GMV of bilateral dIa mediates the association between sex and physical aggression, and left dId–left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus FC mediates the relationship between sex and anger. These findings revealed the neural mechanism underlying the sex differences in aggression subscales and the important role of the insula in aggression differences between males and females. This finding could potentially explain sexual dimorphism in neuropsychiatric disorders and improve dysregulated aggressive behavior.     

基于Meta分析的参附、参麦注射液临床作用比较

基于Meta分析比较参附、参麦注射液临床应用,分析二者的临床用药特点及各自的用药优势,为临床合理用药提供依据。研究发现参附、参麦注射液在治疗冠心病心绞痛、心力衰竭及肿瘤辅助治疗方面有共同的作用。其中在治疗冠心病心绞痛方面,参麦注射液能更好地改善患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)及左心室每搏输出量(LVSV)等心功能指标;在治疗心力衰竭方面,二者均能有效改善心衰患者LVEF值,参附注射液改善心衰患者6 min步行距离的作用更明显;在联合化疗药物抗肿瘤方面,二者均能提高患者生活质量,降低化疗不良反应的发生率,提高患者免疫功能等。参附、参麦注射液在治疗心绞痛、心力衰竭及抗肿瘤方面均表现出良好的临床疗效,但各有侧重。在心绞痛的治疗过程中,临床可能更偏向于联合使用参麦注射液;在心力衰竭的治疗中,联合使用参附注射液更为广泛。     

45岁以上成年人前房容积测量及其在原发性闭角型青光眼筛查中的价值：北京眼病研究

Objective To study the measurement results of anterior chamber volume (ACV) in adults over 45 years and its screening value for primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Design Cross-sectional survey. Participants 3251 subjects in the Beijing Eye Study 2006. Methods  Heidelberg anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to measure the subjects' ACV and other anterior segment parameters. The subjects were divided into different groups according to their refractive status and age for analysis. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between ACV and other anterior segment parameters. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of ACV and other anterior segment parameters in PACG screening. Delong's test was used for comparison of multiple ROC curves. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of PACG. Main Measure Outcomes ACV, area under the ROC curve. Results The average ACV level of subjects over 45 years old was 132.07±32.66 mm3. The average level of ACV in men was 139.77±33.15 mm3, and  126.15±31.00 mm3 in women. The average ACV level of subjects aged 45~54, 55~64, 65~74 and ≥75 years old was 143.23±31.25 mm3, 129.71±32.65 mm3, 123.71±30.56 mm3 and 115.71±28.92 mm3, respectively. The average ACV levels of myopia, hyperopia subjects were 149.86±37.34 mm3 and 113.39±26.84 mm3. For subjects with PACG, the average ACV level was 79.15±13.63 mm3. When screening PACG, the area under the ROC curve of ACV, anterior chamber depth (ACD), 500  μm anterior chamber angle (ACA) is 0.938, 0.937, 0.938, respectively.  According to Youden index, the cut-off value of using ACV to screen PACG is 114.90 mm3. Conclusion The average ACV level of people over 45 years old in Beijing area is 132.07±32.66 mm3. ACV gradually decreases with age. ACV of myopia population is larger. The ability of ACV to screen PACG is not weaker than that of ACA and ACD.  ACV with lower than 115 mm3 indicates the higher risk of PACG. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2021, 30: 259-264)     

320排动态容积CT诊断冠状动脉变异的临床研究

目的评价以320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像诊断各种类型冠状动脉变异的价值及优势。方法回顾性分析30例经320排动态容积CT血管造影检出的冠状动脉变异病例,并根据CT结果对冠状动脉变异进行分类。结果 30例冠状动脉变异中右冠状动脉起自左冠状窦者6例,左冠状动脉起自右冠状窦者3例,冠状动脉高位开口者4例,心肌桥-壁冠状动脉15例,副冠状动脉3例,冠状动脉-肺动脉瘘2例,合并两种及两种以上变异者3例。结论 320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像扫描时间短,辐射剂量低,既能准确评估冠状动脉变异类型,又能清晰显示各类病变细节,较常规冠状动脉造影和普通多排螺旋CT具有明显的优势。