支气管哮喘控制水平与焦虑抑郁情绪关系的研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)的控制水平与焦虑抑郁情绪的关系,分析哮喘患者焦虑抑郁发生的可能原因。方法入选2012年5月—2013年5月解放军总医院呼吸科门诊62例哮喘患者进行横断面研究,评估其哮喘控制水平、肺功能及焦虑抑郁情绪。采用2008年支气管哮喘防治指南的控制标准评估哮喘控制水平。采用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD)评测焦虑和抑郁情绪。将62例患者分为完全控制组、部分控制组及未控制组,分析不同哮喘控制水平与患者焦虑抑郁情绪的关系。结果 62例哮喘患者中存在焦虑18例(29.0%),抑郁20例(32·3%),同时存在焦虑和抑郁10例(16.1%)。病程和年龄与抑郁分数之间存在显著正相关(r=0·300,P<0·05;r=0·307,P<0.05),而与焦虑分数之间无显著相关(r=0.222,P>0.05;r=-0.023,P>0.05)。未控制组患者焦虑和抑郁分数和发生率均朗显高于完全控制组及部分控制组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。哮喘控制良好与焦虑和抑郁情绪发生率呈负相关(r值分别为-0.334和-0.416,P<0.01)。ACT评分与焦虑和抑郁分数之间存在显著负相关(r=-0.341,P<0.01;r=-0.464,P<0.01)。ACQ评分与焦虑和抑郁分数之间存在显著正相关(r=0.378,P<0.01:r=0.443,P<0.01)。FEV_1%与焦虑抑郁分数之间无显著相关(r=-0.096,P>0.05;r=-0.126,P>0.05)。PEF%与焦虑抑郁分数之间无显著相关(r=-0.240,P>0.05;r=-0.240,P>0.05)。焦虑组与非焦虑组相比,FEV_1%、PEF%较低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抑郁组与非抑郁组相比,FEV_1%、PEF%较低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。气道炎性指标(FeNO)与焦虑抑郁分数之间无显著相关(r=0.014,P>0.05;r=-0.073,P>0.05)。结论近1/3的哮喘患者伴有焦虑抑郁情绪。哮喘控制水平与患者焦虑抑郁情绪密切相关,哮喘控制不佳可增加患者焦虑和抑郁的发生率。哮喘症状未控制、生活质量下降可能是哮喘患者发生焦虑抑郁情绪的重要原因。焦虑抑郁情况与患者肺功能和气道炎性指标之间无显著相关性。     

Properties of the Patient Administered Questionnaires : New Scales Measuring Physical and Psychological Symptoms of Hip and Knee Disorders

The Patient Administered Questionnaires (PAQ) incorporate physical and psychological symptoms into one scale and permit more comprehensive self-reports for hip and knee disorders. We tested the psychometric properties of the PAQ-Hip and PAQ-Knee. Correlations between baseline PAQ-Hip and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were .39 to .72 (n = 102), .39 to .69 for score change (n = 68 post-total hip arthroplasty), and most κ values > .60 (n = 50). Correlations between baseline PAQ-Knee and WOMAC were .35 to .64 (n = 100), .62 to .79 for score change (n = 43 post–total knee arthroplasty), and most κ values >.60 (n = 51). For both scales, effect sizes were higher than for the WOMAC, and there was modest correlation between physical and psychological questions, indicating these concepts are not completely interchangeable. Thus, the PAQ scales have strong psychometric properties and are unique compared with existing scales by including physical and psychological symptoms.     

医疗事故鉴定患者创伤后应激障碍的症状及相关因素分析

目的探讨委托医疗事故鉴定患者创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)症状及相关因素。方法采用创伤后应激障碍清单(PCL-C)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(state-trait anxiety inventory,STAI)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、艾森克个性问卷(eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)对委托医疗事故鉴定154例PTSD的发生率及症状相关性进行评价。结果本研究收回有效问卷151份,以50分作为分界值,PTSD发生率为21.19%(32/151,PTSD组)。鉴定为事故组的PTSD发生率高于无事故组及终止鉴定组(P0.05),事故组闯入性症状、高警觉性及PCL-C总分均高于其他两组(P0.05)。PTSD组闯入性症状、高警觉性、回避症状及PCL-C总分均高于非PTSD组(P0.05);患者中女性较男性有更多的闯入性再体验症状及高警觉性,男性患者更多表现为回避症状(P0.05)。回归分析显示,焦虑、抑郁状态及神经质是PTSD发生的重要预知因素。结论委托医疗事故鉴定患者PTSD的发生率高,症状明显,对其心理影响大;抑郁、焦虑状态、神经质是PTSD发生的危险因素,需及时干预。     

Requirement for a structured algorithm in cardiac arrest following major trauma: Epidemiology,management errors,and preventability of traumatic deaths in Berlin

Background

Despite continuous innovation in trauma care, fatal trauma remains a significant medical and socioeconomic problem. Traumatic cardiac arrest (tCA) is still considered a hopeless situation, whereas management errors and preventability of death are neglected. We analyzed clinical and autopsy data from tCA patients in an emergency-physician-based rescue system in order to reveal epidemiologic data and current problems in the successful treatment of tCA.

Material and methods

Epidemiological and autopsy data of all unsuccessful tCPR cases in a one-year-period in Berlin, Germany (n = 101, Group I) and clinical data of all cases of tCPR in a level 1 trauma centre in an 6-year period (n = 52, Group II) were evaluated. Preventability of traumatic deaths in autopsy cases (n = 22) and trauma-management failures were prospectively assessed.

Results

In 2010, 23% of all traumatic deaths in Berlin received tCPR. Death after tCPR occurred predominantly prehospital (PH;74%) and only 26% of these patients were hospitalized. Of 52 patients (Group II), 46% required tCPR already PH and 81% in the emergency department (ED). In 79% ROSC was established PH and 53% in the ED. The survival rate after tCPR was 29% with 27% good neurological outcome. Management errors occurred in 73% PH; 4 cases were judged as potentially or definitive preventable death.

Conclusion

Trauma CPR is beyond routine with the need for a tCPR-algorithm, including chest/pericardial decompression, external pelvic stabilization and external bleeding control. The prehospital trauma management has the highest potential to improve tCPR and survival. Therefore, we suggested a pilot prehospital tCPR-algorithm.     

Factors Associated With Pain Reduction After Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection for Lumbosacral Radicular Pain

ObjectiveTo identify demographic and clinical factors associated with pain improvement after a lumbosacral transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) for the treatment of radicular pain.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingOutpatient center.ParticipantsAdults (N=188) who underwent a fluoroscopically guided TFESI for lumbosacral radicular pain.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPain reduction from preinjection to 2-week follow-up was measured by visual analog scale (VAS). Patients were grouped by those who experienced no pain relief or worsened pain (≤0%), pain relief but <50% relief (>0%–<50%), or significant pain relief (≥50%) on the VAS.ResultsThe mean duration of pain prior to injection was 45.8±81 weeks. The mean time to follow-up after TFESI was 20±14.2 days. Significantly more patients who experienced ≥50% pain relief at follow-up reported higher preinjection pain on the VAS (P=.0001) and McGill Pain Inventory Questionnaire (P=.0358), reported no worsening of their pain with walking (P=.0161), or had a positive femoral stretch test (P=.0477). No significant differences were found between VAS pain reduction and all other demographic and clinical factors, including a radiologic diagnosis of disk herniation versus stenosis or other neural tension signs on physical examination.ConclusionsGreater baseline pain on the VAS and McGill Pain Inventory, a history of a lack of worsening pain with walking, and a positive femoral stretch test predict a greater likelihood of pain reduction after TFESI for lumbosacral radicular pain at short-term follow-up. Greater baseline pain on the McGill Pain Inventory and a lack of worsening pain with walking predict a magnitude of >50% pain reduction.     

Influence of Self-Efficacy and Coping on Quality of Life and Social Participation After Acquired Brain Injury: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the relations linking self-efficacy and coping to quality of life (QOL) and social participation and what effect self-efficacy, changes in self-efficacy, and coping style have on long-term QOL and social participation.DesignProspective clinical cohort study.SettingGeneral hospitals, rehabilitation centers.ParticipantsPatients with newly acquired brain injury (ABI) (N=148) were assessed at baseline (start outpatient rehabilitation or discharge hospital/inpatient rehabilitation; mean time since injury, 15wk) and 1 year later (mean time since injury, 67wk).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresQOL was measured with the EuroQuol 5D (the EQ-5D index and the EQ-5D visual analog scale [EQ VAS]) and the 9-item Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LiSat-9), social participation with the modified Frenchay Activities Index, coping with the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and self-efficacy with the Traumatic Brain Injury Self-efficacy Questionnaire.ResultsAt baseline, self-efficacy moderated the effect of emotion-oriented coping on the EQ-5D index and of avoidance coping on the EQ VAS. Self-efficacy mediated the relation between emotion-oriented coping and LiSat-9. An increase in self-efficacy over time predicted better scores on the EQ-5D index (β=.30), the EQ VAS (β=.49), and LiSat-9 (β=.44) at follow-up. In addition, higher initial self-efficacy (β=.40) predicted higher LiSat-9 scores at follow-up; higher initial emotion-oriented coping (β=−.23) predicted lower EQ VAS scores at follow-up. Higher modified Frenchay Activities Index scores at follow-up were predicted by higher self-efficacy (β=.19) and higher task-oriented coping (β=.14) at baseline (combined R²=5.1%).ConclusionsSelf-efficacy and coping predict long-term QOL but seem less important in long-term social participation. High self-efficacy protects against the negative effect of emotion-oriented coping. Enhancing self-efficacy in the early stage after ABI may have beneficial long-term effects.     

Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版在注意缺陷多动障碍儿童中的发展水平结构模式分析

目的　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的发育水平,并对各个能区的结构模式进行分析,从而指导制定有效的康复干预方案。方法　选取2018年4月至2019年4月在浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院康复科就诊且符合美国《精神障碍诊断与统计手册（第5版）》（DSM-Ⅴ）关于ADHD诊断标准的28例儿童为ADHD组,将同性别、年龄±1个月1∶1配对的28名健康儿童为对照组。两组儿童均进行GDS-C发育评估,比较两组儿童在运动、个人-社会、听力-语言、手眼协调、表现、实际推理各个能区的得分和总发育商的差别,并分析各个能区的结构模式。结果　ADHD组儿童各个能区的得分和总发育商均低于对照组,且运动、个人-社会、手眼协调能区的得分和总发育商在两组比较中的差异具有统计学意义（t＝-7.07,-4.75,-7.60,-7.65,P＜0.05）。各能区结构模式的分析比较：ADHD组儿童运动能区的体能与力量、深度感觉、身体粗大协调能力、粗大视觉运动协调性,个人-社会能区的交际技巧、做家务技巧、穿衣和自我照顾,听力-语言能区的记忆,手眼协调能区的认识形状、创造性和双侧协调性以及表现能区的视觉空间推理方面均弱于健康对照组儿童,P值均＜0.05。结论　应用Griffiths发育评估量表-中文版（GDS-C）评估,ADHD儿童的总体发育落后于正常儿童,表现在运动、个人-社会和手眼协调能区,且根据GDS-C的评估结果和结构模式分析可以帮助制定ADHD儿童合适水平的个体化训练策略。     

Validez y fiabilidad de la escala de sedación para procedimientos del Hospital Niño Jesús bajo sedoanalgesia profunda

IntroductionThe procedural sedation scale of the Niño Jesús Hospital (Madrid) (SSPNJH) has not been validated.Patients and methodsA prospective analytical study was conducted in 2 hospitals on patients ≥ 6 months undergoing invasive procedures using sedation-analgesia with propofol or midazolam and fentanyl. All were monitored using the bispectral index (BIS). Videos were made of each procedure, which were then edited and randomised. A total of 150 videos were rated by four observers using the SSPNJH, the sedation scale of the University of Michigan (UMSS), and the Ramsay Scale (SR). These observers were blinded to the BIS, and at the time of drug administration. To assess test-retest reliability, 50 of the initial 150 randomly selected videos were re-assessed.ResultsThe study included a total of 65 patients. The within-observer agreement was high (ρ = 0.793). The SSPNJH gave a good interobserver reliability when compared with the UMSS (ICC = 0.88) and the SR (ICC = 0.86), and there was none with the BIS. Internal consistency was moderate (α = 0.68). Construct validity was demonstrated by changes in scores after administering sedatives (p < 0.0001). The SSPNJH had a very low correlation with the BIS (r = -0.166), and a moderate correlation with the UMSS (r = 0.497) and the SR (r = 0.405). As regards the applicability, this scale has been used in two hospitals in five different areas by four professionals of different categories.ConclusionsThe SSPNJH is valid, reliable and applicable for sedation monitoring in invasive procedures under deep sedation-analgesia in paediatric patients. The SSPNJH has worse properties than the UMSS and the SR.     

Perceived pain during rapid maxillary expansion in children with different expanders:: A prospective study

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the intensity of pain caused by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with two expanders: Hyrax and Haas type, in growing patients.Materials and MethodsThirty-nine patients (23 girls and 16 boys) with an average age of 9.3 years (SD = 1.39 years) were randomized into two groups and treated with Hyrax- and Haas-type expanders. In both groups, initial activation of the expander screw was one full turn on the first day followed by 2/4 of a turn two times a day (morning and night) for 7 days. Inclusion criteria were patients presenting with a posterior crossbite or maxillary atresia between 7 and 12 years old. To evaluate the intensity of pain during the active phase of the treatment, a combination of the Numerical Rating Scale and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale was used. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two treatment groups.ResultsThere was significant inverse correlation between days following insertion and pain. During the expansion period, 100% of the children reported some pain. Hyrax expander subjects reported greater pain than those treated with the Haas-type expander only on the first day. The level of pain remained greater in girls throughout treatment.ConclusionsPain was reported regardless of the type of expander and was higher in the Hyrax group only on the first day of activation.