The value of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for comparing women with early onset breast cancer with population-based reference women

BACKGROUND: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used in cancer studies, yet its utility for comparing people with cancer with people in the community is uncertain. METHODS: HADS scores were obtained from population-based samples of women with (n = 731) and without (n = 158) early-onset breast cancer. Psychometric properties were examined using differential item functioning (DIF) which is the presence of systematic group differences in certain response items independent of the trait being measured. RESULTS: Women with breast cancer scored lower than reference women on anxiety (mean (SD) 7.5 (4.3) vs. 8.2 (4.0); p = 0.06) and depression (3.3 (3.2) vs. 4.2 (3.0); p = 0.003). Group differences remained following adjustment for demographics. Time since diagnosis was not related to anxiety or depression scores. DIF was present in two anxiety and five depression items. Adjustment for DIF did not substantially change the anxiety or depression group differences. CONCLUSION: Specific sampling or DIF effects do not explain the observation that women with breast cancer have lower levels of anxiety and depression than population controls. The psychometric properties of the HADS appear to be acceptable in these groups.     

Quality of Life in the General Norwegian Population, Measured by the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS-N)

The main aim of the present study was to derive norms or reference values from the general Norwegian population for the Norwegian version of the Quality of Life Scale (QOLS-N). In addition, associations between socio-demographic and health variables on the level of quality of life were examined. The sample consisted of 1893 subjects from a total of 4000 randomly selected Norwegian citizens representative of the entire Norwegian population, aged 19-81. The subjects received a mailed questionnaire containing the QOLS-N. Results show that the mean quality of life score was 84.1 (SD 12.5). Women reported a higher quality of life than men. People with higher levels of education reported a higher quality of life. Those who were married or cohabitating reported the highest quality of life and those who were unemployed reported a lower quality of life than those who worked. In addition, people reporting long-term diseases or health problems scored significantly lower on quality of life. These results could serve as reference values for the level of quality of life, as measured by the QOLS-N in the Norwegian population.     

Development and initial validation of a new preference-based disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument for erectile function

Health-related quality of life instruments may be generic or specific. In general, only generic instruments use preference-based scoring. We report on a novel approach to combine in one instrument the strengths of the specific approach, greater disease relevance and responsiveness, with those of preference-based scoring, generalizability through utilities. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to develop a self-administered, preference-based instrument capable of measuring utilities in the disease-specific context of erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Content derivation/validation began with a literature review. Eight attributes (domains) were selected to provide clinical experts structure for focus group discussion. Four levels describing a continuum of dysfunction-function were defined for each domain. Each domain, including functional levels, was reviewed and modified until consensus was achieved regarding content. This content was then integrated into a preference based scoring instrument using two visual analogue scales (VAS) with which patients rated three 'marker' health states (representing mild, moderate and severe ED), their self-state and a previously validated external marker state. The instrument was pilot tested, and implemented in a clinical trial. Initial validation analyses have been performed. RESULTS: A self-administered, preference-based, VAS instrument was developed for use in the ED population, and the instrument was feasible to complete, was reliable beyond the threshold of acceptability established a priori and demonstrated good validity. Evidence of these properties accumulates over time and this study begins that process with this instrument. Responsiveness is being assessed in the context of a clinical trial.     

视频显示终端作业工间休息制度的探讨

目的探讨不同类型的视频显示终端(VDT)作业工间休息制度。方法14名大学生作为志愿受试者在计算机上阅读短文各自15、30和60min,记录分析了受试者不同阅读时段的Cooper-Harper量表评分、正确率、阅读速度、阅读效率、自感用力度(RPE)评分等指标。另外,让46名大学生在计算机前输入随机数字60min,每10min自动记录1次输入速度和正确率。结果随着阅读时间的延长,Cooper-Harper量表评分、RPE评分有逐渐增加的趋势,正确率、阅读速度有下降的趋势,但差异无显著性;60min阅读与15min相比,阅读效率下降。在60min内,输入数字的速度随时间的延长而逐渐增加;而正确率呈现出一种逐渐降低的趋势,但差异不显著。结论在60min内,阅读效率下降,而输入数字的速度逐渐增加;不同类型的VDT作业,作业者的作业能力有不同的变动规律,需要设置不同的工间休息制度。     

浅谈绩效考评工具

绩效考评工具在整个人力资源管理与考评系统中处于核心地位。科学的绩效考评工具应具有工作分析、考评工具的信度、效度3个必要的、不可缺的基本特征。绩效考评工具主要包括特征导向、结果导向和行为导向3种。开发绩效考评工具应针对企事业单位的实际情况；针对不同领域、不同层次的员工开发出以工作分析为基础、信度和效度良好、实用性强的绩效考评工具，从而发挥绩效考评的作用；对员工的工作进行开发和指导，以提高员工的业绩和对工作的成就感、满意度。     

美沙酮维持治疗门诊海洛因成瘾者心理及行为调查

目的：了解自愿接受美沙酮维持治疗的海洛因成瘾者心理及行为状况。方法：对自愿接受美沙酮维持治疗的197名海洛因成瘾者进行SCL-90症状自评量表和社区药物维持治疗评估基线调查。结果：海洛因成瘾者SCL-90各项测评指标均高于全国常模，且常有吸毒、对家人说谎、偷盗等不良行为。结论：海洛因依赖者存在严重的心理和行为健康问题，有必要对其采取有效的心理和行为干预措施。     

一种新的用于图像稳定的特征点检测方法

二维特征点的检测和提取是进行图像配准、目标识别和运动匹配的关键技术。针对不同的后继任务, 检测和提取的方法也有所不同。在多目标跟踪和识别技术中, 图像稳定是必要的处理过程, 而如何找到对应的特征点则是其难点所在。本文基于Gabor小波变换, 提出了一种新的分散型自适应策略。该方法能够迅速、有效地在前后两帧图像中找出可能的对应特征点, 以便进行特征点匹配, 从而完成图像稳定。实验表明, 本文方法检测到的特征点能够确切代表两帧图像间的运动情况, 从而为图像稳定提供了可靠的基础。     

健康素养管理量表(HeLMS)在大肠癌初筛阳性居民中的适用性评估

 目的   对健康素养管理量表(Health Literacy Management Scale,HeLMS)的信度和效度进行评价,探讨其在大肠癌初筛阳性居民中的适用性。方法   采用HeLMS量表对上海市嘉定区2015—2016年1 959名大肠癌初筛阳性的居民进行问卷调查,用因子分析法、Cronbach α系数、相关系数等考察量表的信度和效度。结果    量表的总Cronbach α系数为0.961,量表各维度的Cronbach α系数为0.834~0.929;量表每个条目与其所属维度间的相关系数为0.511~0.936,且均有统计学意义;肠镜检查组的健康素养量表得分为128.99±12.83,显著高于未进行肠镜检查组的126.98±15.66 (P=0.002)。对年龄、性别、初筛阳性特点等进行分层分析,发现年龄>70岁、女性、风险评估及大便隐血均阳性者在肠镜组和非肠镜检查组患者量表得分差异上有统计学意义(P<0.05)。分半信度的Cronbach α系数0.976;因子分析法得到的结果与量表结构大致相符,各维度得分与量表总得分的相关系数为0.517~0.916,均有统计学意义;量表得分的三分位组别(高分、中分和低分)在量表各维度的差异均有统计学意义,提示量表区分效度较好。结论    HeLMS量表在大肠癌初筛阳性居民中具有较好的信度和效度,可用于评价其健康素养水平。     

美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者MoCA、ADL与血清CRP、PARK7的影响

【摘要】 目的 研究分析美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者MoCA、ADL与血清CRP、PARK7的影响。方法 选取本院收治的89例行帕金森痴呆患者进行研究,将所选患者按照治疗方法的不同随机分为研究组49例与对照组40例。对照组患者给予多奈哌齐进行治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合美金刚进行治疗。回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料,对比分析两组患者临床疗效、认知功能以及日常生活能力的具体情况,并记录治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果 对照组总有效率为7750%,研究组总有效率为9592%,研究组总有效率高于对照组（P＜005）;治疗12周后,两组患者UPDRS总评分、MMSE评分、MoCA评分、ADL评分均较前明显改善。研究组UPDRS总评分低于对照组,MMSE评分、MoCA评分、ADL评分高于对照组,两组对比存在明显差异（P＜005）;治疗12周后,两组患者血清CRP、PARK7、NT 3水平均较前明显改善。研究组血清CRP、PARK7水平低于对照组,NT 3水平高于对照组,两组对比存在明显差异（P＜005）;对照组患者治疗后的不良反应发生率（1250%）高于研究组患者（1224%）,但两组比较无明显差异（P＞005）。结论 美金刚与多奈哌齐合用对帕金森痴呆患者具有良好的临床疗效,可以有效改善帕金森痴呆患者行为功能以及认知功能,并明显降低患者血清CRP、PARK7水平,提高了NT 3水平,且安全性较高,可作为帕金森痴呆患者首选的治疗方案。     

Safety,tolerability, and effectiveness of oral zonisamide therapy in comparison with intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in infants with West syndrome

West syndrome is a distinct, infantile onset, epileptic encephalopathy, associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcome. The present study was designed as a randomized, open-label, pilot study to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of oral zonisamide therapy in comparison with adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy in infants with West syndrome. Thirty infants with West syndrome were randomized to receive treatment with either synthetic, intramuscular adrenocorticotropic hormone (30–60 IU) or oral zonisamide (4–25 mg/kg/day). The study participants had a long treatment lag and preponderance of male sex (90%). The primary effectiveness outcome measure was the cessation of epileptic spasms at 2 weeks of initiation of therapy and persistent till 6 weeks as per West Delphi consensus statement recommendations. Comparison of efficacies of zonisamide versus adrenocorticotropic hormone was as following: the cessation of epileptic spasms (27% vs. 40%, p = 0.70), resolution of hypsarrhythmia at 14 days (20% vs. 33%, p = 0.68) and resolution of hypsarrhythmia at 6 weeks (36% vs. 71%, p = 0.14). Overall, the study observed a poor efficacy of both adrenocorticotropic hormone and zonisamide therapy, which is probably due to long treatment lag and a high proportion of structural aetiology. However, oral zonisamide appeared to be safe and tolerable in the study.